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GroundTruth: Augmenting expert image geolocation with crowdsourcing and shared representations

Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction 2019年第CSCW期3卷 1-30页

作者： Venkatagiri, Sukrit Thebault-Spieker, Jacob Kohler, Rachel Purviance, John Mansur, Rifat Sabbir Luther, Kurt Department of Computer Science and Center for Human-Computer Interaction Virginia Tech ArlingtonVA United States BNSF Railway Company Fort WorthTX United States Bloomberg L.P New YorkNY United States

Expert investigators bring advanced skills and deep experience to analyze visual evidence, but they face limits on their time and attention. In contrast, crowds of novices can be highly scalable and parallelizable, but lack expertise. In this paper, we introduce the concept of shared representations for crowd–augmented expert work, focusing on the complex sensemaking task of image geolocation performed by professional journalists and human rights investigators. We built GroundTruth, an online system that uses three shared representations—a diagram, grid, and heatmap—to allow experts to work with crowds in real time to geolocate images. Our mixed-methods evaluation with 11 experts and 567 crowd workers found that GroundTruth helped experts geolocate images, and revealed challenges and success strategies for expert–crowd interaction. We also discuss designing shared representations for visual search, sensemaking, and beyond. © 2019 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： crowd crowd-augmented expert work crowdsourcing expert geolocation investigation journalism misinformation real-time crowdsourcing sensemaking shared representations verification visual search

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Are 1,000 features worth a picture? Combining crowdsourcing and face recognition to identify Civil War soldiers

Are 1,000 features worth a picture? Combining crowdsourcing ...

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2018 HCOMP Works in Progress and Demonstration Papers, HCOMP WIP and DEMO 2018

作者： Mohanty, Vikram Thames, David Luther, Kurt Department of Computer Science Center for Human-Computer Interaction Virginia Tech ArlingtonVA United States

We introduce a web-based platform called Civil War Photo Sleuth for helping users identify unknown soldiers in portraits from the American Civil War era. Our system employs a novel person identification pipeline by leveraging the complementary strengths of crowdsourced human vision and face recognition algorithms. Copyright © 2018 for this paper by its authors.

关键词： Face recognition

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Research needed in computational social science for power system reliability, resilience, and restoration

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Valinejad, Jaber Mili, Lamine van der Wal, C. Natalie Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Tech Northern Virginia Center Greater Washington D.C.VA22043 United States Department of Computer Science same university India Delft University of Technology Faculty of Technology Policy and Management dept. Multi-Actor Systems Netherlands

In the literature, smart grids are modeled as cyber-physical power systems without considering the computational social aspects. However, end-users are playing a key role in their operation and response to disturbances via demand response and distributed energy resources. Therefore, due to the critical role of active and passive end-users and the intermittency of renewable energy, smart grids must be planned and operated by considering the computational social aspects in addition to the technical aspects. The level of cooperation, flexibility, and other social features of the various stakeholders, including consumers, prosumers, and microgrids, affect the system efficiency, reliability, and resilience. In this paper, we design an artificial society simulating the interaction between power systems and the social communities that they serve via agent-based modeling inspired by Barsade’s theory on the emotional spread. The simulation results show a decline in the consumers’ and prosumers’ satisfaction levels induced by a shortage of electricity. It also shows the effects of social diffusion via the Internet and mass media on the satisfaction level. In view of the importance of computational social science for power system applications and the limited number of publications devoted to it, we provide a list of research topics that need to be achieved to enhance the reliability and resilience of power systems’ operation and planning. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electric power transmission networks

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Enhanced Geometric techniques for Point Marking in Model-Free Augmented Reality

Enhanced Geometric Techniques for Point Marking in Model-Fre...

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International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR)

作者： Wallace Lages Yuan Li Lee Lisle Tobias Höllerer Doug Bowman Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA Center for HCI Dept. of Computer Science Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia United States University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA USA

Specifying points in three-dimensional (3D) space is an essential function in many augmented reality (AR) applications. When an environment model is not available, a straightforward solution is to perform geometric triangulation using two rays. However, naïve implementations suffer from low accuracy caused by technical limitations of AR devices and human motor constraints. To overcome these issues, we designed and evaluated two enhanced geometric techniques for 3D point marking. VectorCloud uses multiple rays to reduce the effects of pointing jitter, and ImageRefinement improves the accuracy by allowing users to refine the 3D direction of the two rays. We conducted studies to understand the characteristics of these techniques in both ecologically valid outdoor settings using a mobile AR display and in more controlled setting using virtual reality simulation. Our experiments demonstrate that both techniques improve the precision of 3D point marking, and that ImageRefinement is superior to VectorCloud overall. These results are particularly relevant in the design of mobile AR systems intended for use in large outdoor areas.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Solid modeling Biological system modeling Augmented reality Head Estimation Computational modeling

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Experiencing an Invisible World War i Battlefield Through Narrative-Driven Redirected Walking in Virtual Reality 25

Experiencing an Invisible World War i Battlefield Through Na...

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25th IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces, VR 2018

作者： Yu, Run Duer, Zachary Ogle, Todd Bowman, Doug A. Tucker, Thomas Hicks, David Choi, Dongsoo Bush, Zach Ngo, Huy Nguyen, Phat Liu, Xindi Virginia Tech Center for Human-Computer Interaction BlacksburgVA United States Department of Computer Science United States School of Visual Arts United States University Libraries United States School of Education United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781538633656

Redirected walking techniques have the potential to provide natural locomotion while users experience large virtual environments. However, when using redirected walking in small physical workspaces, disruptive overt resets are often required. We describe the design of an educational virtual reality experience in which users physically walk through virtual tunnels representative of the World War I battle of Vauquois. Walking in only a 15-by 5-foot tracked space, users are redirected through subtle, narrative-driven resets to walk through a tunnel nearly 50 feet in length. This work contributes approaches and lessons that can be used to provide a seamless and natural virtual reality walking experience in highly constrained physical spaces. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Spot that Bird: A Location Based Bird Game

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Mehta, Sneha Department of Computer Science Center for Human Computer Interaction Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA United States

In today’s age of pervasive computing and social media people make extensive use of technology for communicating, sharing media and learning. Yet while in the outdoors, on a hike or a trail we find ourselves inept of information about the natural world surrounding us. In this paper I present in detail the design and technological considerations required to build a location based mobile application for learning about the avian taxonomy present in the user’s surroundings. It is designed to be a game for better engagement and learning. The application makes suggestions for birds likely to be sighted in the vicinity of the user and requires the user to spot those birds and upload a photograph to the system. If spotted correctly the user scores points. I also discuss some design methods and evaluation approaches for the application. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crowdsourcing

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Supporting Image Geolocation with Diagramming and Crowdsourcing 5

Supporting Image Geolocation with Diagramming and Crowdsourc...

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5th AAAI Conference on human Computation and Crowdsourcing, HCOMP 2017

作者： Kohler, Rachel Purviance, John Luther, Kurt Dept. of Computer Science Center for Human-Computer Interaction Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781577357933

Geolocation, the process of identifying the precise location in the world where a photo or video was taken, is central to many types of investigative work, from debunking fake news posted on social media to locating terrorist training camps. Professional geolocation is often a manual, timeconsuming process that involves searching large areas of satellite imagery for potential matches. In this paper, we explore how crowdsourcing can be used to support expert image geolocation. We adapt an expert diagramming technique to overcome spatial reasoning limitations of novice crowds, allowing them to support an expert's search. In two experiments (n=1080), we found that diagrams work significantly better than ground-level photos and allow crowds to reduce a search area by half before any expert intervention. We also discuss hybrid approaches to complex image analysis combining crowds, experts, and computer vision. Copyright © 2017, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Crowdsourcing

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Design and evaluation of a visual acclimation aid for a semi-natural locomotion device 10

Design and evaluation of a visual acclimation aid for a semi...

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2015 10th IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, 3DUI 2015

作者： Nabiyouni, Mahdi Scerbo, Siroberto Devito, Vincent Smolen, Stefan Starrin, Patrick Bowman, Doug A. Center for Human-Computer Interaction Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467368865

One of the limitations of most virtual reality (VR) systems is that users cannot physically walk through large virtual environments. Many solutions have been proposed to this problem, including locomotion devices such as the Virtusphere. Such devices allow the user to employ moderately natural walking motions without physically moving through space, but may actually be difficult to use at first due to a lack of interaction fidelity. We designed and evaluated a visual aid that shows a virtual representation of the sphere to the user during an acclimation phase, reasoning that this would help users understand the forces they were feeling, plan their movements, and better control their movements. In a user study, we evaluated participants' walking performance both during and after an acclimation phase. Half of the participants used the visual aid during acclimation, while the other half had no visual aid. After acclimation, all participants performed more complex walking assessment tasks without any visual aid. The results demonstrate that use of the visual aid during acclimation was effective for improving task performance and decreasing perceived difficulty in the assessment tasks. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Interval Player: Designing a virtual musical instrument using in-air gestures 10

Interval Player: Designing a virtual musical instrument usin...

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2015 10th IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces, 3DUI 2015

作者： Lages, Wallace Nabiyouni, Mahdi Tibau, Javier Bowman, Doug A. Center for Human Computer Interaction Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467368865

We present a novel virtual musical instrument interface based on in-air 3D gestures called the Interval Player. Instead of specifying absolute notes, the user specifies the melodic interval between the most recent note and the next one. The non-dominant hand is used to specify chords for harmony. We discuss the principles and rationale used in the design. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Music

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An Evaluation of the Effects of Hyper-Natural Components of interaction Fidelity on Locomotion Performance in Virtual Reality 25

An Evaluation of the Effects of Hyper-Natural Components of ...

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25th International Conference on Artificial Reality and Telexistence, ICAT 2015 and the 20h Eurographics Symposium on Virtual Environments, EGVE 2015

作者： Nabioyuni, Mahdi Bowman, Doug A. Instittue Center for Human-Computer Interaction Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783905674842

Virtual reality (VR) locomotion techniques that approximate real-world walking often have lower performance than fully natural real walking due to moderate interaction fidelity. Other techniques with moderate fidelity, however, are intentionally designedto enhance users'abilities beyond whatis possible in the realworld. We compared such hyper-natural techniques to their natural counterparts on a wide range of locomotion tasks for a variety of measures. The evaluation also considered two independent components of interaction fidelity: bio-mechanics and transfer function. The results show that hyper-natural transfer functions can improve locomotion speed and some aspects of user satisfaction, although this can come at the expense of accuracy for complicated path-following tasks. On the other hand, hyper-natural techniques designed to provide biomechanical assistance had lower performance and user acceptance than those based on natural walking movements. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the effects of interaction fidelity and designer intent for VR interaction techniques. © The Eurographics Association 2015.

关键词： Transfer functions

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