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IEEE Annual International Symposium Virtual Reality

作者： Mahdi Nabiyouni Ayshwarya Saktheeswaran Doug A. Bowman Ambika Karanth Center for Human-Computer Interaction and Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech

One of the goals of much virtual reality (VR) research is to increase realism. In particular, many techniques for locomotion in VR attempt to approximate real-world walking. However, it is not yet fully understood how the design of more realistic locomotion techniques affects user task performance. We performed an experiment to compare a semi-natural locomotion technique (based on the Virtusphere device) with a traditional, non-natural technique (based on a game controller) and a fully natural technique (real walking). We found that the Virtusphere technique was significantly slower and less accurate than both of the other techniques. Based on this result and others in the literature, we speculate that locomotion techniques with moderate interaction fidelity will often have performance inferior to both high-fidelity techniques and well-designed low-fidelity techniques. We argue that our experimental results are an effect of interaction fidelity, and perform an analysis of the fidelity of the three locomotion techniques to support this argument.

关键词： Legged locomotion Virtual reality Games Performance evaluation human computer interaction Standards

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Design and evaluation of a visual acclimation aid for a semi-natural locomotion device

Design and evaluation of a visual acclimation aid for a semi...

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IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI)

作者： Mahdi Nabiyouni Siroberto Scerbo Vincent DeVito Stefan Smolen Patrick Starrin Doug A. Bowman Center for Human-Computer Interaction and Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech

ISBN: (纸本)9781467368872

One of the limitations of most virtual reality (VR) systems is that users cannot physically walk through large virtual environments. Many solutions have been proposed to this problem, including locomotion devices such as the Virtusphere. Such devices allow the user to employ moderately natural walking motions without physically moving through space, but may actually be difficult to use at first due to a lack of interaction fidelity. We designed and evaluated a visual aid that shows a virtual representation of the sphere to the user during an acclimation phase, reasoning that this would help users understand the forces they were feeling, plan their movements, and better control their movements. In a user study, we evaluated participants' walking performance both during and after an acclimation phase. Half of the participants used the visual aid during acclimation, while the other half had no visual aid. After acclimation, all participants performed more complex walking assessment tasks without any visual aid. The results demonstrate that use of the visual aid during acclimation was effective for improving task performance and decreasing perceived difficulty in the assessment tasks.

关键词： Visualization Legged locomotion Training Virtual reality User interfaces Games Performance evaluation

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Designing alternative systems for local communities 33

Designing alternative systems for local communities

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33rd Annual CHI Conference on human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI EA 2015

作者： Vlachokyriakos, Vasilis Comber, Rob Crivellaro, Clara Taylor, Nick Kuznetsov, Stacey Kavanaugh, Andrea Le Dantec, Christopher A. Kim, B. Joon Culture Lab School of Computing Science Newcastle University United Kingdom Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art and Design University of Dundee United Kingdom School of Arts Media and Engineering Arizona State University PhoenixAZ United States Center for Human-Computer Interaction Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA United States School of Literature Media and Communication Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA United States Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781450331463

Alternative systems ranging from self-organized skill sharing to alternative micro-economies have been critical channels of community engagement and bonding. technology is increasingly playing a role in the way people connect to these services at the (hyper)local level. While there has been considerable research on designing technology to support conventional, established systems of community organization and governance;mobile and ubiquitous technologies offer strong potential for alternative systems to be established in the local level. Do It Yourself (DIY) and maker movements are enabling grassroots activist groups to develop their own technologies or to hack existing tools to support bottom-up systems of self-organization, democracy and commerce. Based on these trends and the recent worldwide economic, political and societal crisis, this workshop will bring together researchers, practitioners and activists to re-envision how HCI tools can support alternative systems of local civic engagement.

关键词： human computer interaction

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Encouraging civic participation through local news aggregation

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Information Polity 2014年第1-2期19卷 35-56页

作者： Kavanaugh, Andrea Krishnan, Siddarth Pérez-Quiñones, Manuel Tedesco, John Madondo, Kumbirai Ahuja, Ankit Center for Human-Computer Interaction Virginia Tech Blacksurg VA United States Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech Blacksurg VA United States Department of Communication Studies Virginia Tech Blacksurg VA United States Department of Sociology Virginia Tech Blacksurg VA United States

Traditional sources of information for small and rural communities have been disappearing over the past decade. A lot of the information and discussion related to such areas is now scattered across websites of numerous local organizations, individual blogs, social media and other user-generated media (YouTube, Flickr). To facilitate citizen engagement and social interaction it is important to capture this information and make it easily accessible. A system with location-based support can provide local citizens with an engaging way to interact with information and identify the local issues most relevant to them, such as a road construction site. We created an information aggregator, called the Virtual Town Square (VTS), to support and facilitate local discussion. It supports a location-based interface for users to access the information collected. In this paper, we discuss focus group interviews with local citizens that motivated our design of a system to facilitate civic participation. We then discuss the unique design challenges of a local news aggregator and our design approach to create a local information ecosystem. We also describe the initial evaluation and feedback we received from local users. We close the paper with a discussion of future changes to VTS to address its initial limitations. © 2014 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Civic participation information aggregator local information

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Mronline: MapReduce online performance tuning 14

Mronline: MapReduce online performance tuning

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23rd ACM Symposium on High-Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing, HPDC 2014

作者： Li, Min Zeng, Liangzhao Meng, Shicong Tan, Jian Zhang, Li Butt, Ali R. Fuller, Nicholas Dept. of Computer Science Virginia Tech United States IBM TJ Watson Research Center United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450327480

MapReduce job parameter tuning is a daunting and time consuming task. The parameter configuration space is huge;there are more than 70 parameters that impact job performance. It is also difficult for users to determine suitable values for the parameters without first having a good understanding of the MapReduce application characteristics. Thus, it is a challenge to systematically explore the parameter space and select a near-optimal configuration. Extant offline tuning approaches are slow and inefficient as they entail multiple test runs and significant human effort. To this end, we propose an online performance tuning system, MRONLINE, that monitors a job's execution, tunes associated performance-tuning parameters based on collected statistics, and provides fine-grained control over parameter configuration. MRONLINE allows each task to have a different configuration, instead of having to use the same configuration for all tasks. Moreover, we design a gray-box based smart hill climbing algorithm that can efficiently converge to a near-optimal configuration with high probability. To improve the search quality and increase convergence speed, we also incorporate a set of MapReduce-specific tuning rules in MRONLINE. Our results using a real implementation on a representative 19-node cluster show that dynamic performance tuning can effectively improve MapReduce application performance by up to 30% compared to the default configuration used in YARN. Copyright © 2014 ACM.

关键词： MapReduce

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Volume cracker: A bimanual 3D interaction technique for analysis of raw volumetric data 13

Volume cracker: A bimanual 3D interaction technique for anal...

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1st ACM Symposium on Spatial User interaction, SUI 2013

作者： Laha, Bireswar Bowman, Doug A. Department of Computer Science Center for Human Computer Interaction Virginia Tech 2202 Kraft Drive Blacksburg VA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450321419

Analysis of volume datasets often involves peering inside the volume to understand internal structures. Traditional approaches involve removing part of the volume through slicing, but this can result in the loss of context. Focus+context visualization techniques can distort part of the volume, or can assume prior definition of a region of interest or segmentation of layers of the volume. We propose a new bimanual 3D interaction technique, called Volume Cracker (VC), which allows the user to crack open a raw volume like a book to analyze the internal structures. VC preserves context by always displaying all the voxels, and by connecting the sub-volumes with curves joining the cracked faces. We discuss the design choices that we made, based on observations from prior user studies, input from domain scientists, and design studios. We also report the results of a user study comparing VC with a standard desktop interaction technique and a standard 3D bimanual interaction technique. The study used tasks from two categories of a generic volume analysis task taxonomy. We found VC had significant advantages over the other two techniques for search and pattern recognition tasks. Copyright © ACM 2013.

关键词： Virtual reality

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Poster: Volume Cracker: A bimanual 3D interaction technique for analysis of raw volumetric data

Poster: Volume Cracker: A bimanual 3D interaction technique ...

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IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI)

作者： Bireswar Laha Doug A. Bowman Center for Human-Computer Interaction and Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467360975

Volume data analysis often involves finding structures inside the volume. Segmentation is the standard method, but it is quite time-consuming. Alternate approaches remove context, assume prior definition of ROI or segments, or distort part of the volume. We propose a new bimanual 3D interaction technique, called Volume Cracker (VC), which allows the user to crack open a volume like a book to analyze the internal structures. VC preserves context by always displaying all the voxels, and by connecting the sub-volumes with curves joining the cracked faces. We discuss the various design choices that we made, based on observations from our prior user studies with volume datasets, inputs from domain scientists, and numerous design studios and brainstorming sessions. We also report the results of a user study comparing VC with a standard desktop interaction technique and a standard 3D bimanual interaction technique. The study used tasks from two categories of a volume analysis task taxonomy that we are designing in consultation with domain scientists. We found VC had significant advantages over the other two techniques for search and pattern recognition tasks.

关键词： Three-dimensional displays Context Pattern recognition Data analysis Standards Data visualization Usability

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A carpooling recommendation system based on social VANET and geo-social data 13

A carpooling recommendation system based on social VANET and...

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21st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS 2013

作者： Elbery, Ahmed Elnainay, Mustafa Chen, Feng Lu, Chang-Tien Kendall, Jeffrey Dept. of Computer Science Virginia Tech. Falls Church VA 22043 United States Dept. of Computer and Systems Engr. Alexandria University Alexandria 21544 Egypt Interdisciplinary Research Center Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450325219

Geo-social information can be utilized for user benefits in many applications. Social interaction in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is an important source for this type of information. In this paper, we first propose and describe a general architecture of the social VANET system (S-VANET) that supports social interaction through vehicular networks. Then, we present a new carpooling recommendation system that works as S-VANET application. The main objective is to recommend individuals to join their friends during trips or travels. The proposed recommendation system uses check-in history and home location to model users, and utilizes Fast Fourier transform to represent user check-ins and find the similarity between users. The system uses hierarchical clustering with weighted center of mass method to estimate the user home location. © 2013 Authors.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks

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Poster: Design considerations for fabric-based input for surface design

Poster: Design considerations for fabric-based input for sur...

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7th International IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces 2012, 3DUI 2012

作者： Leal, Anamary Bowman, Doug A. Center for Human-Computer Interaction Dept. of Computer Science Virginia Tech United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467312059

Fabric is a dynamic, flexible surface material that holds promise to represent many different kinds of surfaces. We explore how we can use such a flexible material as an interactive 3D input device for various kinds of surface design, such as garment and 3D model design. We discuss our fabric-based interactive system and key design considerations for using fabric-based input. In an evaluation of how domain-specific experts use fabric-based input, and how use changes over time, we found that while tracking issues dominated, participants were successful in drawing initial rough sketches of 3D and 2D creations using fabric-based input. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Knobs

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A gaming interface using body gestures for collaborative navigation

A gaming interface using body gestures for collaborative nav...

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7th International IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces 2012, 3DUI 2012

作者： Apostolellis, Panagiotis Laha, Bireswar Bowman, Doug A. Center for Human-Computer Interaction Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781467312059

We designed a collaborative navigation interface in which one user (the controller) guides a second, remote user (the navigator) through a 3D game environment. Both sides of the interface use commercially available gaming hardware. The controller uses full-body gestures to send navigation cues to the navigator, who travels through the environment using typical 3D gaming controls. In an exploratory study, all participants completed the game scenario, and they viewed the system as usable and fun overall, although the limited communication provided by the system was somewhat of a hindrance to collaboration. Navigators, who were led to believe they were being guided by an intelligent system, did not guess that guidance was provided by another human, and felt that an intelligent system would typically be more consistent than a human being. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Intelligent systems

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