Historically, spectrum allocations were assigned to a single user by regulation and spectrum interference was relatively easy to identify. Enforcement was simplified by having a small set of known licensees. Spectrum ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781450336994
Historically, spectrum allocations were assigned to a single user by regulation and spectrum interference was relatively easy to identify. Enforcement was simplified by having a small set of known licensees. Spectrum regulation is increasingly moving toward dynamic spectrum access mediated by databases, exclusion zones, sensors and other methods intended to improve spectrum efficiency. To have meaning, these spectrum sharing mechanisms must have some form of enforcement. While the spectrum policy community has consider ex-post (preventative) and ex-ante (punitive) enforcement mechanisms, enforcement will rely on spectrum forensics - the scientific gathering of information to inform an enforcement action. In this paper, we initiate exploration of a system for spectrum forensics that combines crowd-sourced interference detection, fixed sensors and aerial measurement as well as a system for minimizing the data that needs to be collected. As part of a multi-tiered approach, the highest tier will be enabled by the equivalent of an "SDR in the sky" for self-directed localization and identification of interference sources.
This study objective is to find the general picture of the knowledge, attitude and behavior of students for sustainable development. It used the quantitative method with 160 students as the research subjects with the ...
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ImageSurfer is a tool designed to explore correlations between two 3D scalar fields. Our scientific goal was to determine where a protein is located, and how much its concentration varies along the membrane of a neuro...
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The Innovative Nation competition is a Jordanian initiative that uses workshops, training camps, and competitions to improve students' general and soft skills, problem-solving, creativity, and invention. The curri...
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This paper analyzes opinion categories like Sentiment and Arguing in meetings. We first annotate the categories manually. We then develop genre-specific lexicons using interesting function word combinations for detect...
The objectives of this research paper are study online learning behaviors, the success factors of online learning and perspectives on online learning during the Covid-19 situation. It is quasi experimental research. T...
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This work proposes opinion frames as a representation of discourse-level associations that arise from related opinion targets and which are common in task-oriented meeting dialogs. We define the opinion frames and exp...
This work proposes opinion frames as a representation of discourse-level associations which arise from related opinion topics. We illustrate how opinion frames help gather more information and also assist disambiguati...
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This research propose an image pattern classification to identify rust disease in sugarcane leaf with a combination of texture and color feature extraction. The purpose of this research is to find appropriate features...
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The field emission behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in terms of their potential applications in vacuum microelectronics has been studied extensively in recent years. CNTs have extraordinary strength, impressive the...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780383974
The field emission behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in terms of their potential applications in vacuum microelectronics has been studied extensively in recent years. CNTs have extraordinary strength, impressive thermal and chemical stabilities and excellent electronic properties beneficial for making field emission cathodes. A vertically aligned CNT cathode is a beneficial geometrical structure for achieving high performance vacuum micro- and nano-electronic devices such as field emission diodes, triodes and flat panel displays. Although the vertical alignment of CNTs has been achieved in many ways[1-3], less experimentation has been conducted at ambient pressure using a simple tube furnace which would be a most promising method to mass produce CNTs by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In this work, Ni catalytic film was deposited on SiO2 substrates and CNTs synthesis was performed in a quartz tube furnace. NH3 was applied with acetylene (C2H2) to produce vertically aligned CNTs. The catalyst deposition parameters and C2H2/NH3 flow rates are critical to the size and density of Ni catalytic particles, which strongly affect the morphology of as-grown CNTs. The temperature and pressure at which CNTs were grown were at 750°C and 1 atm., respectively. During the experiments, a mixture of Ar (80 vol.%) and H2 (20 vol.%) was introduced into the furnace at room temperature, the furnace was then heated to 750°C at the rate of 15°C/min. When the temperature was stabilized, NH3 was introduced as a processing reagent, followed by C 2H2, the carbon source. The effects of NH3 on the size and density of Ni particles were investigated, and the mechanism of CNT alignment was analyzed. Specifically, ammonia breaks larger catalyst particles into smaller ones, thereby increasing the particle density. The size of catalyst particles is critical, because CNTs cannot grow if the diameter of catalyst particles is far beyond the diffusion length of carbon atoms[4]. Moreover, NH3
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