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A statistical identification and verification method for biometrics 7th

7th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2002

作者： Lee, Kwanyong Park, Hyeyoung Dept. of Computer Information and Communication Korea Cyber University Seoul Korea Republic of Lab. for Mathematical Neuroscience RIKEN Brain Science Institute 2-1 Hirosawa WakoSaitama351-0198 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)3540440380

A biometrics system is to find out the identity of a person by measuring physical and physiological features which can distinguish the corresponding person from others. When applying the conventional machine learning methods to design a biometrics system, one first runs into the difficulty of collecting sufficient data for each person to be registered to the system. In addition, there can be almost infinite number of variations of non-registered data. Therefore, it is very difficult to analyze and predict the distributional properties of data that are essential for the system to process real data in practical applications. These difficulties require a new framework of identification and verification, which is appropriate and efficient for the special situations of biometrics systems. As a preliminary solution, the present paper proposes a simple but theoretically well-defined method based on the statistical test theory.

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Dynamic inverse reinforcement learning for characterizing animal behavior 22

Dynamic inverse reinforcement learning for characterizing an...

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Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Zoe C. Ashwood Aditi Jha Jonathan W. Pillow Princeton Neuroscience Institute Princeton University and Dept. of Computer Science Princeton University Princeton Neuroscience Institute Princeton University and Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University Princeton Neuroscience Institute Princeton University

ISBN: (纸本)9781713871088

Understanding decision-making is a core objective in both neuroscience and psychology, and computational models have often been helpful in the pursuit of this goal. While many models have been developed for characterizing behavior in binary decision-making and bandit tasks, comparatively little work has focused on animal decision-making in more complex tasks, such as navigation through a maze. Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is a promising approach for understanding such behavior, as it aims to infer the unknown reward function of an agent from its observed trajectories through state space. However, IRL has yet to be widely applied in neuroscience. One potential reason for this is that existing IRL frameworks assume that an agent's reward function is fixed over time. To address this shortcoming, we introduce dynamic inverse reinforcement learning (DIRL), a novel IRL framework that allows for time-varying intrinsic rewards. Our method parametrizes the unknown reward function as a time-varying linear combination of spatial reward maps (which we refer to as "goal maps"). We develop an efficient inference method for recovering this dynamic reward function from behavioral data. We demonstrate DIRL in simulated experiments and then apply it to a dataset of mice exploring a labyrinth. Our method returns interpretable reward functions for two separate cohorts of mice, and provides a novel characterization of exploratory behavior. We expect DIRL to have broad applicability in neuroscience, and to facilitate the design of biologically-inspired reward functions for training artificial agents.

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Improved Transform Algorithm of Direct Computation of Discrete Cosine for Mel-scale Frequency Cepstral Coefficient

Improved Transform Algorithm of Direct Computation of Discre...

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2021 IEEE International Conference on Electronic Communications, Internet of Things and Big Data, ICEIB 2021

作者： Lai, Shin-Chi Hung, Ying-Hsiu Zhu, Yi-Chang Wang, Szu-Ting Sheu, Ming-Hwa Juang, Wen-Ho National Formosa University Dept. of Automation Engineering Yunlin Taiwan National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Dept. of Electronic Engineering Yunlin Taiwan National Formosa University Doctor's Program of Smart Industry Technology Research and Design Yunlin Taiwan Nanhua University Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chiayi County Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781665437554

In this work, we proposed a direct computation of the DCT algorithm that is improved by utilizing the coefficients of cosine and sine to calculate the DCT bins for Mel-scale frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC). Instead of computing directly, the cosine coefficient is sharply declined more than 85% at the expense of the amount of additions and multiplications. According to the PSNR comparison results, and the proposed method is similar to Jo et al.'s algorithm. which uses approximate computation, so that the PSNR value is closed to 52 dB. Although the proposed algorithm must pay for some accuracy and extra complexity in computation, it still can greatly reduce more sizes of ROM. Based on the point of interest of simple control and straightforward structure, the algorithm is a selectable design for applications to the design of MFCC. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Discrete cosine transforms

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Studies of Nonthermal Effects During Intense Microwave Heating of Crystalline Solids

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 1992年第1期269卷 137-143页

作者： John H. Booske Reid F. Cooper Leon McCaughan Sam Freeman Binshen Meng Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. University of Wisconsin Madison Materials Science and Engineering Dept. University of Wisconsin Madison Materials Science Program University of Wisconsin Madison

Reports of enhanced sintering rates associated with microwave heating may be due to nonthermal lattice fluctuation statistics. Recent theoretical analyses reviewed in this paper confirm the feasibility of this phenomenon for a wide variety of situations involving very different microwave absorption mechanisms. For materials with weak microwave absorption coefficients, the effect is expected to be uniformly distributed throughout the volume. For strongly absorbing materials, however, the effect is expected to be concentrated near the material surface, with a characteristic exponential penetration dept. of Lnt ∼ 10 − 100 μm. An “observable” nonthermal effect depends on the relative magnitude of the microwave electric field strength ¦E¦ and the lattice ion energy relaxation rate γ with the most pronounced effects occurring for larger values of ¦E¦ and smaller values of γ.

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Directional analysis and filtering for dust storm detection in NOAA-AVHRR imagery

Directional analysis and filtering for dust storm detection ...

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Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XV

作者： Janugani, S. Jayaram, V. Cabrera, S.D. Rosiles, J.G. Gill, T.E. Rivera, N. Rivera Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering United States Environmental Science and Engineering Program Dept. of Geological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso 500 W. University Ave. El Paso TX 79968-0523 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819476005

In this paper, we propose spatio-spectral processing techniques for the detection of dust storms and automatically finding its transport direction in 5-band NOAA-AVHRR imagery. Previous methods that use simple band math analysis have produced promising results but have drawbacks in producing consistent results when low signal to noise ratio (SNR) images are used. Moreover, in seeking to automate the dust storm detection, the presence of clouds in the vicinity of the dust storm creates a challenge in being able to distinguish these two types of image texture. This paper not only addresses the detection of the dust storm in the imagery, it also attempts to find the transport direction and the location of the sources of the dust storm. We propose a spatio-spectral processing approach with two components: visualization and automation. Both approaches are based on digital image processing techniques including directional analysis and filtering. The visualization technique is intended to enhance the image in order to locate the dust sources. The automation technique is proposed to detect the transport direction of the dust storm. These techniques can be used in a system to provide timely warnings of dust storms or hazard assessments for transportation, aviation, environmental safety, and public health © 2009 SPIE.

关键词： Image texture

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Integrated Gradients Demystified: An MRI Case Study on Aβ-T Protein Localization 3

Integrated Gradients Demystified: An MRI Case Study on Aβ-T...

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3rd IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering, MetroXRAINE 2024

作者： Dolci, Giorgio Morasso, Cristian Cruciani, Federica Brusini, Lorenza Pini, Lorenzo Calhoun, Vince D. Galazzo, Ilaria Boscolo Menegaz, Gloria University of Verona Dept. of Engineering for Innovation Medicine Verona Italy University of Verona Dept. of Computer Science Verona Italy Padua Neuroscience Center University of Padua Padua Italy Georgia State University Georgia Institute of Technology Emory University AtlantaGA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378009

Explainability in Artificial Intelligence is gaining increasing importance, especially in critical fields. In biomedical applications, attribution maps are particularly relevant for their inherent spatial localization property. Features that are relevant for a given task (e.g., classification of cases versus controls) can then be associated to specific regions, revealing disease-specific modulations and enabling ad-hoc post-hoc validation. Among these, baseline-dependent methods require a neutral image (called baseline) for computing the feature importance. The choice of the baseline is critical in that it determines the relevance map. In this work, we focused on a classification task, that is, subject stratification based on the amyloid-β and τ status in controls and patients in the Alzheimer's disease continuum, and employed Integrated Gradients to extract the attribution maps. This allowed identifying relevant brain regions driving the classification. Aware of the dependence of the outcomes from the chosen baseline, post-hoc statistical analysis was performed for validating the results confirming their plausibility. This puts forth the need to systematically assess the impact of the baseline for the correct interpretation of the corresponding outcomes. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Neurodegenerative diseases

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A problem-action relation extraction based on causality patterns of clinical events in discharge summaries 14

A problem-action relation extraction based on causality patt...

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23rd ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, CIKM 2014

作者： Seol, Jae-Wook Jo, Seung-Hyeon Yi, Wangjin Choi, Jinwook Lee, Kyung-Soon Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering CAIIT Chonbuk National University Korea Republic of Interdisciplinary Program of Bioengineering College of Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Seoul National University Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781450325981

Medical knowledge extraction has great potential to improve the treatment quality of hospitals. In this paper, we propose a clinical problem-action relation extraction method. It is based on clinical semantic units and event causality patterns in order to present a chronological view of a patient's problem and a physician's action. Based on our observation, a clinical semantic unit is defined as a conceptual medical knowledge for a problem and/or action. Since a clinical event is a basic concept of the problem-action relation, events are detected from clinical texts based on conditional random fields. A clinical semantic unit is segmented from a sentence based on time expressions and inherent structure of events. Then, a clinical semantic unit is classified into a problem and/or action relation based on event causality features in support vector machines. The experimental result on Korean medical collection shows 78.8% in F-measure when given the answer of clinical events. This result shows that the proposed method is effective for extracting clinical problem-action relations.

关键词： Semantics

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Lymphatic capillary invasion assay by a single cell migration chip

Lymphatic capillary invasion assay by a single cell migratio...

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16th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences, MicroTAS 2012

作者： Chen, Yu-Chih Allen, Steven G. Wu, Zhi-Fen Merajver, Sofia D. Yoon, Euisik Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Internal Medicine Cellular and Molecular Biology Program United States Dept. of Epidemiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780979806452

We demonstrated a single cell migration chip which can emulate cancer cell invasion in lymphatic capillaries through a migration channel with resistance choke points. Using a hydrodynamic capturing scheme based on the difference in flow resistance, the device allows for positioning single cells at the start of a migration channel. Different sizes of the resistance choke points in the migration channels are investigated to characterize the deformation capability of cells. To verify the migration platform, we used p38γ gene knockdown MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) cells, which are known to show lower lymphatic metastasis in-vivo in a separate study. The reduction of the invasive ability in lymphatic capillaries was confirmed by the fabricated migration chip.

关键词： Diseases

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Circuit optimization predicts dynamic networks for chemosensory orientation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 03

Circuit optimization predicts dynamic networks for chemosens...

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Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Nathan A. Dunn John S. Conery Shawn R. Lockery Dept. of Computer Science University of Oregon Eugene OR Institute of Neuroscience University of Oregon Eugene OR

The connectivity of the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been described completely, but the analysis of the neuronal basis of behavior in this system is just beginning. Here, we used an optimization algorithm to search for patterns of connectivity sufficient to compute the sensorimotor transformation underlying C. elegans chemotaxis, a simple form of spatial orientation behavior in which turning probability is modulated by the rate of change of chemical concentration. Optimization produced differentiator networks with inhibitory feedback among all neurons. Further analysis showed that feedback regulates the latency between sensory input and behavior. Common patterns of connectivity between the model and biological networks suggest new functions for previously identified connections in the C. elegans nervous system.

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Compositional Effects on the Degradation of PVD-Tisin

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 1997年第1期473卷 241-246页

作者： W. F. McArthur F. Deng K. Ring P. M. Pattison K. L. Kavanagh Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. Materials Science Program University of California San Diego La Jolla

PVD-TixSiyNz films formed by reactive RF-magnetron co-sputtering of Ti and Si in Ar/N2 are evaluated as a diffusion barrier between Cu and Si. A complete range of compositions are obtained by Ti targets inlaid with Si. Film composition is controlled by the target ratio of titanium to silicon and N2 partial pressure. Electrical results versus thermal history for films of ∼6-18% Si as well as the composition and microstructure as determined by Rutherford back scattering (RBS), TEM and electron diffraction are reported. These films are an amorphous matrix with imbedded nanocrystals of titanium nitride as-deposited and undergo phase separation to yield titanium nitride and silicon nitride after a 1000r.C anneal. As-deposited compositions which lie above the TiN-Si3N4 phase line yield crystals of TiN. Compositions below the TiN-Si3N4 phase line yield crystals of Ti2N. Bulk resistivity as-deposited (<400µΩ-cmµ) is acceptable for use as a contact liner/barrier material and improves with annealing. Si pn-diodes metallized with 20nm Ti40Si15N45 and Cu show no significant increase in reverse leakage current at anneal temperatures below 700r.C.

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