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Hybrid CNN-ViT architecture to exploit spatio-temporal feature for fire recognition trained through transfer learning

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4703-4732页

作者： Shahid, Mohammad Wang, Hong-Cyuan Chen, Yung-Yao Hua, Kai-Lung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan

Fires are becoming one of the major natural hazards that threaten the ecology, economy, human life and even more worldwide. Therefore, early fire detection systems are crucial to prevent fires from spreading out of control and causing destruction. Based on vision sensors, many fire detection techniques have evolved with the recent surge of curiosity in deep learning, which exploits the spatial features of individual images. However, fire can take different forms, scales, and combustion materials can produce different colors, making accurate fire detection from an image challenging. Small fires captured from long-distance cameras lack salient features, further complicating detection. This paper proposes a hybrid structure that uses attention-enhanced convolutional neural networks and vision transformers (CNN-ViT) to detect fire. The proposed CNN-ViT first pays spatial attention to every frame and then aggregates temporal contextual information from neighboring frames to improve detection performance. Due to the limited availability of training fire datasets, the study employs deep transfer learning for feature extraction using pre-trained CNN. We used various metrics to examine the efficacy of the proposed approach. The results showed that the CNN-ViT method outperformed previous models based on spatial-temporal characteristics by achieving a relative improvement in accuracy and F1 score. The satisfactory results on images contaminated with different intensities of noise confirm the robustness of the approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Fires

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Open RAN Slicing with Quantum Optimization 15

Open RAN Slicing with Quantum Optimization

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15th Global Information Infrastructure and Networking Symposium, GIIS 2025

作者： Keyela, Patatchona Cherkaoui, Soumaya Polytechnique Montreal Computer Engineering and Software Engineering Dept. Montreal Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520113

RAN slicing technology is a key aspect of the Open RAN paradigm, allowing simultaneous and independent provision of various services such as ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC) through virtual networks that share a single radio access infrastructure. Efficient resource allocation is crucial for RAN slicing, as each service has specific quality of service (QoS) requirements, and a balance between different services must be maintained. Although heuristic and reinforcement learning (RL) techniques have been explored to achieve efficient resource allocation, these approaches face notable limitations: heuristic algorithms face complexity issues that limit their effectiveness in large networks, RL solutions are constrained by their dependency on training data and struggle to adapt to new scenarios and environments. This paper proposes a framework that leverages quantum optimization techniques to optimize radio resource blocks allocation in Open RAN slicing for URLLC and eMBB services. We provide a classical problem formulation and the quantum implementation using the constrained quadratic model on Dwave quantum annealing platform, showcasing the potential of quantum optimization techniques to deliver in real-time optimal solutions for optimization problems in 5G and beyond networks. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Constrained optimization

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Deeper Anomaly Detection in Industrial Automation 15

Deeper Anomaly Detection in Industrial Automation

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15th IEEE Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference, CCWC 2025

作者： Jung, Ho-Seok Jang, Sung Won Baek, Youngmi Changshin University Dept. of Computer Software Engineering Korea Republic of Changshin University Dept. of Computer Engineering Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331507695

The security of industrial networks, particularly in industrial automation systems, is critical for ensuring system reliability and protecting sensitive data. This paper proposes a deeper anomaly detection system using the ResNet34 (Residual Network) model to identify and detect cyber-attacks in industrial networks, specifically focusing on Controller Area Network (CAN) systems. The study highlights the vulnerabilities in industrial communication protocols, such as CAN, Modbus, and Ethernet/IP, which are susceptible to cyber-attacks including replay, modification, and fuzzing attacks. These attacks can disrupt the functioning of industrial systems and cause significant damage. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves a 100% detection rate for all types of cyber-attacks, demonstrating its effectiveness in recognizing abnormal patterns and responding to changes in network behavior. The results confirm that the ResNet34-based deep anomaly detection model can be a valuable tool for strengthening the security of industrial networks by providing real-time detection of cyber-attacks, thereby ensuring the stability and safety of industrial automation systems. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Cyber attacks

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A Serendipity Recommendation Method for Book Categories Using BERT to Strengthen the Web Service of the Book

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Journal of Web engineering 2025年第2期24卷 199-216页

作者： Kim, Youngmo Kim, Seok-Yoon Park, Byeongchan Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Soongsil University South Korea

In the field of book search, research on a web service-based user-customized book recommendation system is being conducted to respond to increasingly diverse user requirements. The collaborative filtering algorithm, which is mainly used for book recommendation, has a problem in that it is difficult to reflect the user’s recent interest without considering the changes in preference over time, and the user’s satisfaction decreases because it repeatedly recommends only similar items. In this paper, we propose a book recommendation method using category similarity based on deep learning. The proposed method is to predict books to be used next time by inputting users’ past and current book usage history through BERT, a natural language processing model, and to recommend popular books in other categories with high similarity to the predicted book category in the BERT model to reflect serendipity. This method reflects serendipity, which can lead to users’ recent interests and practical preferences, so that recommendation accuracy and user satisfaction can be satisfied at the same time. © 2025 River Publishers.

关键词： BERT book category recommendation serendipity Web service

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SINR-Delay Constrained Node Localization in RIS-Assisted Time-Varying IoT Networks Using ML Frameworks

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IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 2025年第2期22卷 1544-1557页

作者： Bhardwaj, Vikash Kumar Mundada, Gagan Sahoo, Omm Prakash Shukla, Mahendra K. Pandey, Om Jee Varanasi Dept. of Electronics Engineering 221005 India University of California San Diego Computer Science and Engineering Dept United States Varanasi Dept. of Electrical Engineering 221005 India ABV-IIITM Gwalior Dept. of Information Technology India

Node localization in time-varying Internet of Things (IoT) networks is an essential problem due to increased delay and poor Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) at the Base Station (BS). To improve the received signal strength at the BS, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) has recently been used between transmitter and receiver. Additionally, novel phase prediction methods and optimal weight assignment frameworks have been proposed over RIS and BSs, respectively. Nevertheless, these methods suffer from poor performance due to their heuristic approach, resulting in more time consumption and poor SINR. Motivated by the aforementioned challenges, we propose a novel node localization method over a RIS-assisted time-varying IoT network using Machine Learning (ML) frameworks in this work. Firstly, the method computes the optimal phase configuration over the RIS corresponding to each element using coeff2phaseNN, which has been trained on channel coefficients among the transmitter, receiver, and RIS. Subsequently, the weight of the individual antenna element at the BS is optimized using the proposed VectorSync model. The results confirm that the coeff2phaseNN method demonstrates a reduction of 89.79% in total MSE loss compared to the Artificial Neural Network-RIS (ANN-RIS) method. Additionally, it demonstrates a 71.04% reduction in the absolute RIS phase prediction deviation from the optimal phase compared to the ANN-RIS method. Moreover, the proposed VectorSync method attains a 79.28% and 92.29% reduction in time required for optimal weight assignment compared to the Bartlett and Capon methods, respectively. Finally, the Localization Error(LR) using the proposed method is compared to conventional methods in a time-varying experimental scenario and found to be the minimum, i.e., 6.156%. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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Integrated Word2Vec-based Speech Annotations for Enhanced EEG Decoding of Speech Intentions 13

Integrated Word2Vec-based Speech Annotations for Enhanced EE...

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13th International Winter Conference on Brain-computer Interface, BCI 2025

作者： Jang, Se-Na Park, Hyeong-Yeong Kim, Seong-Wook Yu, Seong-Hyun Lee, Minji Jeong, Ji-Hoon Dept. Computer Science Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea Republic of Dept. Biomedical Software Engineering The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331521929

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has promising applications as an intuitive communication tool and in fields such as language rehabilitation. This study aims to decode human speech intentions by analyzing EEG signals recorded during actual and imagined speech. EEG data were collected using a 64 channels system, with preprocessing to remove artifacts. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) was used to extract precise speech onset times, generating time-specific speech annotations corresponding with EEG data. Pretrained Word2Vec embeddings were integrated to provide semantic context, combining neural signals with high-level linguistic features. Support vector machine (SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were employed for decoding. The results demonstrate that integrating speech annotations improves decoding accuracy, even for imagined speech, highlighting the potential of BCI technology for advanced applications in communication and rehabilitation. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Semantics

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An Integrated Framework with Enhanced Primitives for Post-Quantum Cryptography: HEDT and ECSIDH for Cloud Data Security and Key Exchange

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第11期49卷 165-176页

作者： Ilias, Shaik Mohammad Sharmila, V. Ceronmani Durga, V. Sathya Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Information Technology Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Computer Science&Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India

If adversaries were to obtain quantum computers in the future, their massive computing power would likely break existing security schemes. Since security is a continuous process, more substantial security schemes must be developed. Current PQC schemes primarily focus on data security or key exchange, and further improvement towards enhanced PQC primitives is required. Our proposal in this research is an innovative paradigm for PQC-focused cloud data security. The proposed HEDT approach achieves encryption and decryption with significantly lower latency (20% improvement) and higher reliability than AES, DES, and RSA, as demonstrated through experimental results. Furthermore, ECSIDH, a hybrid key exchange mechanism combining SIDH and ECDH, improves security strength by 50% while maintaining computational costs within 1.13x of SIDH. Compared to individual key exchange schemes like SIDH, ECSIDH offers superior security as a PQC candidate. These results confirm the robustness and efficiency of the proposed framework in ensuring secure data outsourcing and key exchange in cloud environments. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum computers

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Quantum Network Routing with Heterogeneous Nodes 17

Quantum Network Routing with Heterogeneous Nodes

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17th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2025

作者： Pandey, Anoop Kumar Tamma, Bheemarjuna Reddy Rao, M.V. Panduranga IIT Hyderabad Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331531195

Deciding a route for the transfer of quantum information (namely, qubits) on a quantum network is a significant problem that is being studied extensively. In this work, we investigate the problem of routing on a quantum network of heterogeneous nodes both with and without fidelity and timing *** propose a Path Request Packet (PRP) based routing scheme for dynamically selecting a path that maximizes the overall probability of transmission success while maintaining fidelity above a threshold and adhering to time constraints. While the proposed scheme can perform suboptimally under fidelity and timing constraints, we discuss a straightforward proof of optimality in the absence of these constraints. Simulations on random graphs demonstrate that the PRP-based scheme performs better, both in terms of reliability and fidelity, than a non-trivial baseline routing algorithm. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Quantum electronics

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Smart Garden Watering and Lighting System Integrated with Machine Learning Model to Maintain Urban Gardens

Smart Garden Watering and Lighting System Integrated with Ma...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Computational, Communication and Information Technology, ICCCIT 2025

作者： Shahapure, Arsheyee Siddha, Rishika Tewary, Tanmay Shahapure, Aniruddha Mantri, Shamla Kamble, Aparna Dept. Computer Science and Engineering MIT-WPU Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331512965

Garden maintenance may be a difficult task, particularly in urban settings. Many people are not skilled enough to determine their plants' precise requirements for lighting and watering. Conventional gardening techniques frequently result in underwatering or overwatering, wasting resources, and producing unhealthy plants. Our completely automated smart garden watering and lighting system offers a fully automated solution to these problems. With its sophisticated sensors, this system keeps an eye on the quantity of moisture in the soil and the amount of sunshine it receives, making sure plants get the correct amount of both for healthy growth. Traditional gardening involves guesswork and physical effort, which our solution avoids by automating the irrigation and lighting operations. You may have the advantages of a flourishing garden without the trouble of ongoing upkeep with our intelligent gardening system. Our method offers a dependable and effective solution to care for your plants and improve your urban green space, regardless of experience level. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Share-a-Meal: A Mobile App-based Food Sharing System 6

Share-a-Meal: A Mobile App-based Food Sharing System

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6th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics, ICMCSI 2025

作者： Uddin, Mohammad Salah Ansary, Fozlay Rabby Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering East West University Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522667

Many problems have been solved using the internet of things (IoT). Waste management, resource management, traffic management, financial services (e.g. stock rate prediction), logistics services, agriculture, etc. are the major sectors where IoT has played a fruitful role. The use of IoT is increasing day by day due to its immense advantages. This paper presented an IoT-based system for sharing leftover food with others or hungry people. The system consists of a mobile application and an embedded system. Cloud service is used as middle-ware between the mobile application and embedded system. Mobile application is used for sending and receiving notifications. The rectangular-shaped box type embedded system is responsible for food collecting and distribution. The development and prototype implementation of our proposed system are discussed throughout this paper. The system helps to share leftovers (food) with others which can reduce food wastage. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud-Food Food waste Food-sharing internet of things Leftover food

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