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4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, LREC 2004

作者： Bauman, Syd Erjavec, Tomaž Bia, Alejandro Ruotolo, Christine Burnard, Lou Schreibman, Susan Women Writers Project Brown University ProvidenceRI United States Department of Knowledge Technologies Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia Dept. of Computer Languages and Information Systems University of Alicante Alicante Spain University of Virginia Library University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVAUSA United States Oxford University Computing Services Oxford University Oxford United Kingdom Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities University of Maryland College ParkMD United States

ISBN: (纸本)2951740816

The Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), established in 1987, has been the largest effort in the area of standardisation of computer encoding of language resources. TEI chose SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) as its underlying standard, and in the years before the inception of XML, a number of projects encoded their data according to some SGML DTD, TEI compliant, or otherwise. These projects could now benefit from migrating their data to XML. Apart from validation, the most compelling reason for migration is the scarcity of SGML-aware software and the abundance of XML-based tools and related recommendations. However, despite the fact that XML is a subset of SGML, migration is not a trivial process, especially in the case of large holdings of legacy language resources. This is why in 2002 the TEI Consortium established a Task Force on SGML to XML migration. The TF has now produced a number of reports that simplify and make explicit the conversion of SGML TEI (version P3) to XML TEI (version P4) documents. The reports are also relevant for a general audience of SGML users that are considering migrating their language resources to XML. This paper presents the recommendations made by the TF, concentrating on strategic considerations, the practical guide, and one case study, the conversion of the British National Corpus.

关键词： XML

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Simulation of gate lag and current collapse in GaN heterojunction field effect transistors

Simulation of gate lag and current collapse in GaN heterojun...

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IEEE Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit (CSICS)

作者： N. Braga R. Mickevicius M. Shur R. Gaska M. Asif Khan G. Simin Integrated Systems Engineering Inc. Santa Clara CA USA Integrated Systems Engineering Inc. Santa Clara CA Sensor Electronic Technology Inc. Columbia SC Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Dept. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of South Carolina Columbia SC USA

We present results from numerical simulations of the current collapse phenomenon in GaN heterostructure field effect transistors. Gate lag simulation results show that current collapse can be explained by an enhanced trapping under the gate edges. Hot electrons play an instrumental role in the collapse mechanism. The simulation results also linked collapse with electrons spreading into the substrate, and confirmed that better electron localization, as in a double heterostructure field effect transistor, can dramatically reduce current collapse.

关键词： Gallium nitride Heterojunctions FETs Electron traps HEMTs MODFETs Computational modeling systems engineering and theory Numerical simulation MOSFETs

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RoboCup: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow workshop of the executive committee in Blaubeuren, october 2003 1

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7th Robot World Cup Soccer and Rescue Competitions and Conferences, RoboCup 2003

作者： Burkhard, Hans-Dieter Asada, Minoru Bonarini, Andrea Jacoff, Adam Nardi, Daniele Riedmiller, Martin Sammut, Claude Sklar, Elizabeth Veloso, Manuela Humboldt University Berlin BerlinD-10099 Germany Dept. of Adaptive Machine Systems Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University SuitaOsaka565-0871 Japan HANDAI Frontier Research Center Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University SuitaOsaka565-0871 Japan Department of Electronics and Information Politecnico di Milano Italy National Institute of Standards and Technology United States Dip. Informatica e Sistemistica Univ. "La Sapienza" Roma Italy Universtaet Osnabrueck Institute for Cognitive Science Albrechtstr. 28 D-49069 Germany School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney2052 Australia Dept. of Computer Science Columbia University 1214 Amsterdam Avenue MC 0401 New YorkNY10027-7003 United States Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA15213-3890 United States

ISBN: (数字)9783540259404

ISBN: (纸本)3540224432

RoboCup has been known for the goal of “creating robots capable of beating the world cup in 2050.” Clearly, we stated this goal back in 1996 not as an exact scientific goal, but as an audacious challenge to pursue. We aimed at creating a far away target for RoboCup researchers, as we were well aware that the development of fully autonomous soccer robots capable of competing against human world champion soccer players was a rather long term research project.

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Market based transmission expansion planning: fuzzy risk assessment

Market based transmission expansion planning: fuzzy risk ass...

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International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT)

作者： M.O. Buygi G. Balzer H.M. Shanechi M. Shahidehpour Dept. of Electr. Power Syst. Darmstadt Univ. of Technol. Germany Department of Electrical Power Systems Darmstadt University of Technology Darmstadt Germany Department of Electrical Engineering New Mexico Technology Socorro NM USA Department of Electrical Engineering Ferdowsi University Mashhad NM Iran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL USA

In this paper a new market based approach for transmission expansion planning in deregulated power systems is presented. A scenario technique is used in order to model nonrandom uncertainties. Drawbacks of criteria of scenario technique are pointed out and new criteria are presented for risk assessment. A probabilistic tool is presented for assessing electric markets with random uncertainties. To measure how much a transmission plan improves competition a market based criterion is introduced. The final plan is selected using fuzzy risk assessment. The approach is applied to IEEE 30 bus network. The results are compared with conventional risk assessment to demonstrate that fuzzy risk assessment overcomes the shortcomings of conventional risk assessment method.

关键词： Risk management Power system planning Uncertainty Power system modeling Power generation Costs Power engineering and energy Power system measurements Power system reliability Power systems

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Panel on future challenges in modeling methodology

Panel on future challenges in modeling methodology

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Proceedings of the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference

作者： Taylor, Simon J. E. Paul, Ray J. Straßburger, Steffen Lendermann, Peter Reichenthal, Steven W. Turner, Stephen J. Ctr. for Applied Simulation Modeling Dept. of Info. Systems and Computing Brunel University Uxbridge Middx UB8 3PH United Kingdom Fraunhofer Inst. Fact. Oper. A. Department Virtual Development Sandtorstraße 22 39106 Magdeburg Germany Prod. and Logistics Planning Group Singapore Inst. of Mfg. Technology 71 Nanyang Drive Singapore 638075 Singapore Boeing 3370 Miraloma Ave. Anaheim CA 92803 United States Parallel and Distributed Comp. Ctr. School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore

This panel paper presents the views of six researchers and practitioners of simulation modeling, Collectively we attempt to address a range of key future challenges to modeling methodology. It is hoped that the views of this paper, and the presentations made by the panelists at the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference will raise awareness and stimulate further discussion on the future of modeling methodology in areas such as modeling problems in business applications, human factors and geographically dispersed networks;rapid model development and maintenance;legacy modeling approaches;markup languages;virtual interactive process design and simulation;standards;and Grid computing.

关键词： Information analysis

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Data centers revisited: Assessment of the energy impact of retrofits and technology trends in a high-density computing facility

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Journal of Infrastructure systems 2004年第3期10卷 98-104页

作者： Blazek, Michele Chong, Huimin Loh, Woonsien Koomey, Jonathan G. Technology and Environment AT and T 4430 Rosewood Dr. Pleasanton CA 94930 United States Singapore Computer Systems Ltd. Braddel Hill #04-28 Singapore 579726 Singapore InfoComm Devment. Auth. of Singapore 7 Siglap Rd. Singapore 448909 Singapore Dept. of Civil/Environ. Engineering Terman Engineering Center Stanford Univ. Stanford CA 94305-4020 United States

As information and communications technology matures, the nature of the infrastructure that supports it evolves and specializes. While the telephone infrastructure had been built as a network with central offices acting as hubs, the information and communications technology maintains a similar structure, but instead, has hubs of specialized Internet data centers which house the routers and servers. This paper updates one of the first studies to document the electricity consumption and power distribution within an Internet data center. For this study, electricity billing data, metering data, and facility floor space allocation data were used to calculate computer room, total computer room, and building power densities for July 2002. The results of this 2002 study indicate that although the data center had expanded its operations by roughly 33% from the previous year and increased the electricity demand associated with the computer equipment by 55%, the total computer room power density (which includes cooling and auxiliary equipment) remained the same as the previous year at 355 W/m2. The facility's efforts to improve energy efficiency offset the energy demand from an increased, electrically active, computer room area. The energy-efficiency measures included better optimization of power distribution units, power management modules, computer room air-conditioning units, alterations to operating conditions, facilitywide reductions in lighting, and improved facility controls. A key recommendation is to expand this research to address the need to develop metrics to capture the energy efficiency of the data network throughput. © ASCE.

关键词： Communication systems

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A Solution to Shape Optimization Problems for the Rigidity Design of Plate and Shell Structures

A Solution to Shape Optimization Problems for the Rigidity D...

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The Sixth World Congress on Computational Mechanics in Conjunction with the Second Asian-Pacific Congress on Computational MechanicsⅠ

作者： Masatoshi Shimoda Jiro Tsuji Yasuhiro Kanda Hisayuki Ishizu Hideyuki Azegami Department of Mechanical Design Engineering Shonan Institute of Technology 1-1-25 Tsujido-nishikaigan Fujisawa 251-8511 Japan Development Planning Department Mitsubishi Automotive Engineering Co. Ltd. 1 Nakashinkiri Hashime-cho Okazaki -444-8501 Japan Okazakilst System Department MMC Computer Research Ltd. 1 Nakashinkiri Hashime-cho Okazaki 444-8501 Japan Digital Technology Dept. Mitsubishi Motors Corp. Hashime-cho Okazaki 444-8501 Japan Dept. of Complex Systems Science Nagoya University Chigusa-ku Nagoya 464-8601 Japan

Plate and shell structures are widelyused in industrial products and structures such as automotives, vessels and architectures for its good formability and lightweight property. This paper presents a numerical shape optimization method for the rigidity design of plate and shell structures. A solution to a compliance minimization problem subject to a volume constraint is proposed, and its reciprocal problem is also solved. The boundaries are assumed to be movable in the in -plane directions so as to keep the initial curvatures in the design domain. For simplicity, the structures to be optimized are discretized by plane elements based on the Mindlin-Reissner plate theory. The problems are formulated as non-parametric, or distributed shape optimization problems involving the design of free boundaries. The shape gradient functions are theoretically derived using the material derivative method and the Lagrange multiplier method. With the shape gradient function, the smooth domain variation that minimizes the objective functional is de termined by the traction method developed by the authors. The validity and practical utility of this numerical solution for the rigidity design of plate and shell structures are verified through simple examples and applications to automotive components.

关键词： Shell A Solution to Shape Optimization Problems for the Rigidity Design of Plate and Shell Structures Shape

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Balancing of Transfer Lines with Simultaneously Activated Spindles

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2004年第4期37卷 45-50页

作者： Alexandre Dolgui Nikolai Guschinsky Genrikh Levin Mohamed-Aly Louly Sana Belmokhtar Scientific Methods for Industrial Management Dept. (MSGI) Industrial Engineering and Computer Sciences Center (G2I) Ecole des Mines de Saint Etienne 158 cours Fauriel 42023 Saint Etienne Cedex 2 France United Institute of Informatics Problems National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Surganov Street 6 220012 Minsk Belarus Laboratory for Industrial Systems Optimisation (LOSI) University of Technology of Troyes 12 rue Marie Curie 10010 Troyes France

A balancing problem for transfer lines with parallel spindles is investigated. All spindle heads of the same workstation are activated simultaneously. The relations of the necessity of executing some operations at the same workstation, the possibility of combining the spindles at the same workstation as well as precedence constraints are given. The problem is to choose spindle heads from a given set and allocate them to workstations in such a way that i) all the operations are performed, ii) all constraints are satisfied, iii) the cycle time is provided, and iv) the line cost is minimal. The proposed method for solving the problem is based on its formulation as a mixed integer problem (MIP).

关键词： Machining line balancing optimization MIP

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Design and verification of real-time uml system models 6

Design and verification of real-time uml system models

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6th IFAC Workshop on Programmable Devices and systems, PDS 2003

作者： Rab, Jaroslav Faculty of information Technology Brno University of Technology Dept. of Computer Systems Brno Czech Republic

For successful design and building real-time system and analysis of the designed model is required. Especially for a real-time system, timing constraints and deadlines appears to be critical parameters. This analysis can reveal critical sections, incompleteness of the specification and ambiguous behaviour of the designed system. This paper represents a methodology for design real-time systems, verification technique and their capability for verification of real-time requirements with time-bounded constraints (e.g. time limits). Copyright © 2003 IFAC.

关键词： Real time systems

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An FPL bioinspired visual encoding system to stimulate cortical neurons in real-time

An FPL bioinspired visual encoding system to stimulate corti...

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13th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications, FPL 2003

作者： Sousa, Leonel Tomás, Pedro Pelayo, Francisco Martinez, Antonio Morillas, Christian A. Romero, Samuel Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering IST/INESC-ID Portugal Dept. of Computer Architecture and Technology University of Granada Spain

ISBN: (纸本)3540408223

This paper proposes a real-time bioinspired visual encoding system for multielectrodes’ stimulation of the visual cortex supported on Field Programmable Logic. This system includes the spatio-temporal preprocessing stage and the generation of varying in time spike patterns to stimulate an array of microelectrodes and can be applied to build a portable visual neuroprosthesis. It only requires a small amount of hardware which is achieved by taking advantage of the high operating frequency of the FPGAs to share circuits in time. Experimental results show that with the proposed architecture a real-time visual encoding system can be implemented in FPGAs with modest capacity. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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