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Hybrid CNN-ViT architecture to exploit spatio-temporal feature for fire recognition trained through transfer learning

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4703-4732页

作者： Shahid, Mohammad Wang, Hong-Cyuan Chen, Yung-Yao Hua, Kai-Lung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan

Fires are becoming one of the major natural hazards that threaten the ecology, economy, human life and even more worldwide. Therefore, early fire detection systems are crucial to prevent fires from spreading out of control and causing destruction. Based on vision sensors, many fire detection techniques have evolved with the recent surge of curiosity in deep learning, which exploits the spatial features of individual images. However, fire can take different forms, scales, and combustion materials can produce different colors, making accurate fire detection from an image challenging. Small fires captured from long-distance cameras lack salient features, further complicating detection. This paper proposes a hybrid structure that uses attention-enhanced convolutional neural networks and vision transformers (CNN-ViT) to detect fire. The proposed CNN-ViT first pays spatial attention to every frame and then aggregates temporal contextual information from neighboring frames to improve detection performance. Due to the limited availability of training fire datasets, the study employs deep transfer learning for feature extraction using pre-trained CNN. We used various metrics to examine the efficacy of the proposed approach. The results showed that the CNN-ViT method outperformed previous models based on spatial-temporal characteristics by achieving a relative improvement in accuracy and F1 score. The satisfactory results on images contaminated with different intensities of noise confirm the robustness of the approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Fires

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Moth flame optimization algorithm for efficient feature selection and hybrid classification technique for intrusion detection system

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-21页

作者： Keerthanarani, U. Selvakumar, V. Singaravelan, S. Raja, S. Edwin Thenmozhi, K. Shunmugam, D. Arun Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering P.S.R Engineering College Sivakasi India Dept.Of Computer Science and Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R & d Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Avadi India Dept. Of Computer Science and Engineering Coimbatore Institute of Engineering and Technology Coimbatore India Dept. Of Electronics and Communication Engineering P.S.R Engineering College Sivakasi India

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) brings numerous benefits but further presents fresh difficulties, especially in terms of security. The distributed and interconnected nature of IoT devices makes them susceptible to various security threats. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) plays a crucial role in safeguarding IoT networks by monitoring, detecting, and responding to potential security incidents. The Internet of Things (IoT) connects billions of devices, sensors, and systems, transforming industries and everyday life. However, this extensive interconnectivity also introduces significant security risks, making Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) a critical component for safeguarding IoT environments. Feature selection is a crucial aspect of building effective Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Selecting relevant features not only helps in achieving better classification accuracy but also contributes to reducing false alarm rates. In the proposed system a moth flame optimizer is utilized to select the efficient features from the dataset, overall accuracy of over 97%. Further it is classified employing Random Forest and J48 classifier which attains high classification accuracy and low false alarm rate. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Feature Selection

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Optimizing relay node placement and routing in WBANs using free search krill herd and harmony search algorithm

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 7257-7295页

作者： Patra, Sushree Chinmayee Samal, Tusharkanta Kabat, Manas Ranjan Mishra, Manas Ranjan Barik, Ram Chandra Dept. of Computer Sc. & Engineering Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology Odisha Sambalpur India Dept. of Computer Sc. & Engineering DRIEMS University Odisha Cuttack India Dept. of Computer Sc. & Engineering C.V. Raman Global University Odisha Bhubaneswar India

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) plays an important role in healthcare applications like in medical, non-medical and psychological sector for remote monitoring of health conditions of patients. Since the biosensors in WBAN are energy constrained in nature, the architecture of energy efficient and cost sensitive WBAN has attracted the researchers during the last decade. In this paper, a mathematical model for optimization of relay node placement in WBAN using Free Search Krill Herd (FSKH) algorithm because of its diversified phases of searching has been proposed. Furthermore, a routing protocol for energy efficient and reliable for data transmission over WBAN by using Harmony Search (HS) algorithm has been designed. The proposed algorithm has less 11.02%, 6.8% energy consumption in standing position, 5.6% and 11.02% in siting position and 12.5% and 18.75% siting on chair than its counterparts EAWD and Modified EAWD. Throughput has increased significantly by approximately 4–5 times as compare to iM-SIMPLE and *** proposed methodology has also shown greater improvement as its first node is completely exhausted after 28,545 rounds of data transmission while its existing counterpart’s iM-SIMPLE and Co-LAEEBA first node dies at 5100 rounds and 6800 rounds of transmission respectively. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Wireless local area networks (WLAN)

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SINR-Delay Constrained Node Localization in RIS-Assisted Time-Varying IoT Networks Using ML Frameworks

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IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 2025年第2期22卷 1544-1557页

作者： Bhardwaj, Vikash Kumar Mundada, Gagan Sahoo, Omm Prakash Shukla, Mahendra K. Pandey, Om Jee Varanasi Dept. of Electronics Engineering 221005 India University of California San Diego Computer Science and Engineering Dept United States Varanasi Dept. of Electrical Engineering 221005 India ABV-IIITM Gwalior Dept. of Information Technology India

Node localization in time-varying Internet of Things (IoT) networks is an essential problem due to increased delay and poor Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) at the Base Station (BS). To improve the received signal strength at the BS, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) has recently been used between transmitter and receiver. Additionally, novel phase prediction methods and optimal weight assignment frameworks have been proposed over RIS and BSs, respectively. Nevertheless, these methods suffer from poor performance due to their heuristic approach, resulting in more time consumption and poor SINR. Motivated by the aforementioned challenges, we propose a novel node localization method over a RIS-assisted time-varying IoT network using Machine Learning (ML) frameworks in this work. Firstly, the method computes the optimal phase configuration over the RIS corresponding to each element using coeff2phaseNN, which has been trained on channel coefficients among the transmitter, receiver, and RIS. Subsequently, the weight of the individual antenna element at the BS is optimized using the proposed VectorSync model. The results confirm that the coeff2phaseNN method demonstrates a reduction of 89.79% in total MSE loss compared to the Artificial Neural Network-RIS (ANN-RIS) method. Additionally, it demonstrates a 71.04% reduction in the absolute RIS phase prediction deviation from the optimal phase compared to the ANN-RIS method. Moreover, the proposed VectorSync method attains a 79.28% and 92.29% reduction in time required for optimal weight assignment compared to the Bartlett and Capon methods, respectively. Finally, the Localization Error(LR) using the proposed method is compared to conventional methods in a time-varying experimental scenario and found to be the minimum, i.e., 6.156%. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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J-NECORA: A Framework for Optimal Resource Allocation in Cloud-Edge-Things Continuum for Industrial Applications With Mobile Nodes

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第11期12卷 16525-16542页

作者： Pettorali, Marco Righetti, Francesca Vallati, Carlo Das, Sajal K. Anastasi, Giuseppe Univ. of Pisa Dept. of Information Engineering Italy Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology Dept. of Computer Science RollaMO United States

In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) landscape, where the Cloud-to-Things Continuum (C2TC) paradigm is now a reality, industrial applications need to cope with highly heterogeneous network and computing resources. Moreover, many industrial applications also involve Mobile Nodes (MNs). Efficient allocation of network and computing resources to meet the stringent requirements of such applications is often a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose J-NECORA (Joint NEtwork and COmputing Resource Allocation), a comprehensive analytical framework to derive the optimal joint allocation of network and computing resources in the C2TC, that guarantees the application requirements, even in the presence of MNs. If the optimal allocation does not exist, J-NECORA provides a best-effort allocation that minimizes the delay. The proposed framework is highly modular and flexible, and can be easily customized to different scenarios. We validated its effectiveness through simulation experiments, focusing on a specific use case. For the considered scenarios, the performance predicted by our framework matches quite closely the simulation results. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Cloud platforms

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An Integrated Framework with Enhanced Primitives for Post-Quantum Cryptography: HEDT and ECSIDH for Cloud Data Security and Key Exchange

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第11期49卷 165-176页

作者： Ilias, Shaik Mohammad Sharmila, V. Ceronmani Durga, V. Sathya Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Information Technology Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Computer Science&Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India

If adversaries were to obtain quantum computers in the future, their massive computing power would likely break existing security schemes. Since security is a continuous process, more substantial security schemes must be developed. Current PQC schemes primarily focus on data security or key exchange, and further improvement towards enhanced PQC primitives is required. Our proposal in this research is an innovative paradigm for PQC-focused cloud data security. The proposed HEDT approach achieves encryption and decryption with significantly lower latency (20% improvement) and higher reliability than AES, DES, and RSA, as demonstrated through experimental results. Furthermore, ECSIDH, a hybrid key exchange mechanism combining SIDH and ECDH, improves security strength by 50% while maintaining computational costs within 1.13x of SIDH. Compared to individual key exchange schemes like SIDH, ECSIDH offers superior security as a PQC candidate. These results confirm the robustness and efficiency of the proposed framework in ensuring secure data outsourcing and key exchange in cloud environments. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum computers

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Building Resilient CICD Pipelines: A DevOps Security-First Framework

Building Resilient CICD Pipelines: A DevOps Security-First F...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Computational, Communication and Information technology, ICCCIT 2025

作者： Ashtagi, Rashmi Belani, Chirag Bhalerao, Prasanna Bhalerao, Yash Chawle, Atharva Vishwakarma Institute of Technology Dept. of Computer Engineering Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331512965

Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment are now integrated in automated systems that enhance code stability, and accelerate the deployment process as well as improving monitoring of the whole system in the software development field. This document deals with setting up of a strong CI/CD process involving AWS cloud services and DevOps. The infrastructure is built with the help of Terraform which ensures the scalability and repeatability applying the Infrastructure as Code (IaC) approach. A safe Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) is designed consisting of public and private subnets, load balancing for traffic distribution, and CloudFront CDN to improve geographical distribution. Jenkins is used in CI process to perform disk analysis, OWASP and Trivy vulnerability scanning, and making Docker images. The CD phase use ArgoCD for updates on Kubernetes and integrates Monitoring and observability using Prometheus and Grafana. Notifications are produced to JIRA and email communication for improvement. With the help of the offered cloud services and DevOps tool it is possible to consolidate the SDLC and bring effects in code safety, testing and utilization. This document also provides an overview of methods, instruments, and outcomes, demonstrating how the CI/CD automation influences the development and operation positively. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Observability

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TurfIt: An Instant Turf Booking Application

TurfIt: An Instant Turf Booking Application

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Computational, Communication and Information technology, ICCCIT 2025

作者： Rajeswari, A.M. Tamilselvan, V. Abishek, M.R.P. Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Velammal College of Engineering and Technology Madurai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331512965

As sports grow in popularity need for effective online turf booking applications has also increased. Although some existing applications are faced with numerous challenges such as;restrictions on access, ineffectiveness in scheduling, and over-bookings, leading to frustrations and operational problems. This paper focuses on those problems by the presentation of an online turf booking application to streamline the booking process. The solution offers real-time updates, automatic payment, and safe transactions based on QR code. The more user-friendly the application is, the more efficient it will be. Firebase would be used for real-time data synchronization and the responsiveness of React interface ensures the smooth and conflict-free bookings. This solution would lead to increasing customer satisfaction as well as increasing the booking rates and effective utilization of sports facilities. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Customer satisfaction

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Scraping Data from Google Maps: Comparisons and Experimentations 15th

Scraping Data from Google Maps: Comparisons and Experimentat...

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15th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Networking, IC-ICN 2024

作者： Thakur, Shivam Jha, Rajan Dalawat, Monika Jha, Prashant Khandare, Anand Dept. of Computer Engineering Thakur College of Engineering and Technology Autonomus Mumbai India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819786305

Web scraping, an automated process that extracts data from websites, is a powerful tool that faces several challenges. Existing scrapers often entail drawbacks, such as subscription fees and limited accessibility for small businesses. Concerns regarding the reliability and accuracy of data arise, especially with respect to real-time content. This study scrutinizes web scraping tools, delving into operational principles, advantages, and limitations, addressing applications in data mining, research, and social media marketing. Two scraping approaches, manual extraction, and automated methods, such as HTML parsing, were explored. Popular tools such as ParseHub, WebHarvy, and Octoparse have been discussed, but concerns about accessibility and accuracy persist. Libraries such as BeautifulSoup, Selenium, and Scrapy offer alternatives to those with programming skills. Although web scraping accelerates data collection, its limitations and potential drawbacks must be carefully considered. This paper focuses on web scraping, a potent tool for extracting data from websites. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Data accuracy

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Multi-Layered Approach to IoT Cybersecurity in Smart Cities 3

Multi-Layered Approach to IoT Cybersecurity in Smart Cities

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3rd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things, IDCIoT 2025

作者： Benjamine, Daniel Anto Madhavan, K. Pavithra, S. Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai Institute of Technology Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527549

Internet of Things (IoT) has been rapidly growing over the past years. There have been many cybersecurity challenges faced by IoT-based smart cities in existing work for the energy, health and transportation sectors. These cybersecurity challenges are crucial to remove in the IoT sector to implement a safe and secure IoT based smart city. Vulnerabilities across layers in IoT are analyzed and a multi-layered model of security is proposed to enhance data integrity and communication security by using AI, blockchain and ML. This paper would also present several policy recommendations to stakeholders and IoT developers for building a safe urban IoT ecosystem. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Cybersecurity frameworks IoT smart city technologies urban

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