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Time Series Kernel Similarities for Predicting Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation from ECGs

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Time Series Kernel Similarities for Predicting Paroxysmal At...

International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Filippo Maria Bianchi Lorenzo Livi Alberto Ferrante Jelena Milosevic Miroslaw Malek Machine Learning Group UiT the Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway Dept. of Computer Science University of Exeter Exeter UK ALaRI Faculty of Informatics Universitá della Svizzera italiana Lugano Switzerland Institute of Telecommunications TU Wien Vienna Austria

We tackle the problem of classifying Electrocardiography (ECG) signals with the aim of predicting the onset of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (PAF). Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of arrhythmia, but in many cases PAF episodes are asymptomatic. Therefore, in order to help diagnosing PAF, it is important to design procedures for detecting and, more importantly, predicting PAF episodes. We propose a method for predicting PAF events whose first step consists of a feature extraction procedure that represents each ECG as a multi-variate time series. Successively, we design a classification framework based on kernel similarities for multi-variate time series, capable of handling missing data. We consider different approaches to perform classification in the original space of the multi-variate time series and in an embedding space, defined by the kernel similarity measure. We achieve a classification accuracy comparable with state of the art methods, with the additional advantage of detecting the PAF onset up to 15 minutes in advance.

关键词： Electrocardiography Feature extraction Kernel Time series analysis Training Correlation Databases

Time series kernel similarities for predicting paroxysmal atrial fibrillation from ECGs

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Bianchi, Filippo Maria Livi, Lorenzo Ferrante, Alberto Milosevic, Jelena Malek, Miroslaw ALaRI Faculty of Informatics Università della Svizzera italiana Lugano Switzerland Machine Learning Group UiT the Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway Institute of Telecommunications TU Wien Vienna Austria Dept. of Computer Science University of Exeter Exeter United Kingdom

We tackle the problem of classifying Electrocardiography (ECG) signals with the aim of predicting the onset of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (PAF). Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of arrhythmia, but in many cases PAF episodes are asymptomatic. Therefore, in order to help diagnosing PAF, it is important to design procedures for detecting and, more importantly, predicting PAF episodes. We propose a method for predicting PAF events whose first step consists of a feature extraction procedure that represents each ECG as a multi-variate time series. Successively, we design a classification framework based on kernel similarities for multi-variate time series, capable of handling missing data. We consider different approaches to perform classification in the original space of the multivariate time series and in an embedding space, defined by the kernel similarity measure. We achieve a classification accuracy comparable with state of the art methods, with the additional advantage of detecting the PAF onset up to 15 minutes in advance. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Forecasting

Uncertainty Quantification in Deep learning for Safer Neuroimage Enhancement

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Tanno, Ryutaro Worrall, Daniel E. Kaden, Enrico Ghosh, Aurobrata Grussu, Francesco Bizzi, Alberto Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. Criminisi, Antonio Alexander, Daniel C. Centre for Medical Image Computing and Dept. Computer Science Ucl Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Machine Learning Lab University of Amsterdam Netherlands Faculty of Brain Sciences Institute of Neurology Ucl United Kingdom Neuroradiology Unit Foundation Irccs Carlo Besta Neurological Institute Milan Italy School of Medicine and Nihr Biomedical Research Centre Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre University of Nottingham United Kingdom Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging University of Oxford United Kingdom Microsoft Research Cambridge United Kingdom

Deep learning (DL) has shown great potential in medical image enhancement problems, such as super-resolution or image synthesis. However, to date little consideration has been given to uncertainty quantification over the output image. Here we introduce methods to characterise different components of uncertainty in such problems and demonstrate the ideas using diffusion MRI super-resolution. Specifically, we propose to account for intrinsic uncertainty through a heteroscedastic noise model and for parameter uncertainty through approximate Bayesian inference, and integrate the two to quantify predictive uncertainty over the output image. Moreover, we introduce a method to propagate the predictive uncertainty on a multi-channelled image to derived scalar parameters, and separately quantify the effects of intrinsic and parameter uncertainty therein. The methods are evaluated for super-resolution of two different signal representations of diffusion MR images-Diffusion Tensor images and Mean Apparent Propagator MRI-and their derived quantities such as mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy, on multiple datasets of both healthy and pathological human brains. Results highlight three key potential benefits of uncertainty modelling for improving the safety of DL-based image enhancement systems. Firstly, incorporating uncertainty modelling improves the predictive performance even when test data departs from training data. Secondly, the predictive uncertainty highly correlates with reconstruction errors, and is therefore capable of detecting predictive "failures". Results on both healthy subjects and patients with brain glioma or multiple sclerosis demonstrate that such an uncertainty measure enables subject-specific and voxel-wise risk assessment of the super-resolved images that can be accounted for in subsequent analysis. Thirdly, we show that the method for decomposing predictive uncertainty into its independent sources provides high-level "explanations" for the model p

关键词： Optical resolving power

Adaptive stimulus selection for optimizing neural population responses 17

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Adaptive stimulus selection for optimizing neural population...

Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Benjamin R. Cowley Ryan C. Williamson Katerina Acar Matthew A. Smith Byron M. Yu Machine Learning Dept. and Center for Neural Basis of Cognition Machine Learning Dept. and Center for Neural Basis of Cognition and School of Medicine Center for Neural Basis of Cognition and Dept. of Neuroscience Center for Neural Basis of Cognition and Dept. of Ophthalmology University of Pittsburgh Center for Neural Basis of Cognition and Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Carnegie Mellon University

ISBN: (纸本)9781510860964

Adaptive stimulus selection methods in neuroscience have primarily focused on maximizing the firing rate of a single recorded neuron. When recording from a population of neurons, it is usually not possible to find a single stimulus that maximizes the firing rates of all neurons. This motivates optimizing an objective function that takes into account the responses of all recorded neurons together. We propose "Adept." an adaptive stimulus selection method that can optimize population objective functions. In simulations, we first confirmed that population objective functions elicited more diverse stimulus responses than single-neuron objective functions. Then, we tested Adept.in a closed-loop electrophysiological experiment in which population activity was recorded from macaque V4, a cortical area known for mid-level visual processing. To predict neural responses, we used the outputs of a deep convolutional neural network model as feature embeddings. Natural images chosen by Adept.elicited mean neural responses that were 20% larger than those for randomly-chosen natural images, and also evoked a larger diversity of neural responses. Such adaptive stimulus selection methods can facilitate experiments that involve neurons far from the sensory periphery, for which it is often unclear which stimuli to present.

关键词：

FUTURE-AI: International consensus guideline for trustworthy and deployable artificial intelligence in healthcare

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lekadir, Karim Feragen, Aasa Fofanah, Abdul Joseph Frangi, Alejandro F. Buyx, Alena Emelie, Anais Lara, Andrea Porras, Antonio R. Chan, An-Wen Navarro, Arcadi Glocker, Ben Botwe, Benard O. Khanal, Bishesh Beger, Brigit Wu, Carol C. Cintas, Celia Langlotz, Curtis P. Rueckert, Daniel Mzurikwao, Deogratias Fotiadis, Dimitrios I. Zhussupov, Doszhan Ferrante, Enzo Meijering, Erik Weicken, Eva González, Fabio A. Asselbergs, Folkert W. Prior, Fred Krestin, Gabriel P. Collins, Gary S. Tegenaw, Geletaw S. Kaissis, Georgios Misuraca, Gianluca Tsakou, Gianna Dwivedi, Girish Kondylakis, Haridimos Jayakody, Harsha Woodruf, Henry C. Mayer, Horst Joachim Aerts, Hugo JWL Walsh, Ian Chouvarda, Ioanna Buvat, Irène Tributsch, Isabell Rekik, Islem Duncan, James Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree Zahir, Jihad Park, Jinah Mongan, John Gichoya, Judy W. Schnabel, Julia A. Kushibar, Kaisar Riklund, Katrine Mori, Kensaku Marias, Kostas Amugongo, Lameck M. Fromont, Lauren A. Maier-Hein, Lena Alberich, Leonor Cerdá Rittner, Leticia Phiri, Lighton Marrakchi-Kacem, Linda Donoso-Bach, Lluís Martí-Bonmatí, Luis Cardoso, M. Jorge Bobowicz, Maciej Shabani, Mahsa Tsiknakis, Manolis Zuluaga, Maria A. Bielikova, Maria Fritzsche, Marie-Christine Camacho, Marina Linguraru, Marius George Wenzel, Markus De Bruijne, Marleen Tolsgaard, Martin G. Ghassemi, Marzyeh Ashrafuzzaman, Md Goisauf, Melanie Yaqub, Mohammad Abadía, Mónica Cano Mahmoud, Mukhtar M.E. Elattar, Mustafa Rieke, Nicola Papanikolaou, Nikolaos Lazrak, Noussair Díaz, Oliver Salvado, Olivier Pujol, Oriol Sall, Ousmane Guevara, Pamela Gordebeke, Peter Lambin, Philippe Brown, Pieta Abolmaesumi, Purang Dou, Qi Lu, Qinghua Osuala, Richard Nakasi, Rose Zhou, S. Kevin Napel, Sandy Colantonio, Sara Albarqouni, Shadi Joshi, Smriti Carter, Stacy Klein, Stefan Petersen, Steffen E. Aussó, Susanna Awate, Suyash Raviv, Tammy Riklin Cook, Tessa Mutsvangwa, Tinashe E.M. Rogers, Wendy A. Niessen, Wiro J. Puig-Bosch, Xènia Zeng, Yi Mohammed, Yunusa G. Aquino, Yves Saint James Salahuddin, Zohaib Starmans, Martijn P.A. Department de Matemàtiques i Informàtica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Barcelona Spain DTU Compute Technical University of Denmark Kgs Lyngby Denmark Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science and Technology Milton Margai Technical University Freetown Sierra Leone Center for Computational Imaging & Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine Schools of Computing and Medicine University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom Cardiovascular Science and Electronic Engineering Departments KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Faculty of Engineering of Systems Informatics and Sciences of Computing Galileo University Guatemala City Guatemala Department of Biostatistics and Informatics Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus AuroraCO United States Department of Medicine Women’s College Research Institute University of Toronto Toronto Canada Universitat Pompeu Fabra BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center Barcelona Spain Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom School of Biomedical & Allied Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Department of Midwifery & Radiography School of Health & Psychological Sciences City University of London United Kingdom Kathmandu Nepal European Heart Network Brussels Belgium Department of Thoracic Imaging University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston United States IBM Research Africa Nairobi Kenya Departments of Radiology Medicine and Biomedical Data Science Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford United States Institute for AI and Informatics in Medicine Klinikum rechts der Isar Technical University Munich Munich Germany Department of Computing Imperial College London London United Kingdom Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania United Republic of Ioannina Greece Almaty AI Lab Almaty Kazakhstan

Background: Despite major advances in artificial intelligence (AI) research for healthcare, the deployment and adoption of AI technologies remain limited in clinical practice. In recent years, concerns have been raised about the clinical, technical, ethical and legal risks associated with healthcare AI. To increase adoption in the real world, it is essential that AI technologies are trusted and accepted by patients, clinicians, health organisations and authorities. This paper describes the FUTURE-AI framework as the first international consensus guideline for trustworthy AI in healthcare. Methods: The FUTURE-AI consortium was founded in 2021 and now comprises 117 interdisciplinary experts from 50 countries representing all continents, including AI scientists, clinical researchers, biomedical ethicists, and social scientists. Over a two-year period, the consortium established guiding principles and best practices for trustworthy and deployable AI through an iterative process comprising an in-dept. literature review, a modified Delphi survey, and online consensus meetings. Findings: The FUTURE-AI framework was established based on six guiding principles for trustworthy AI in healthcare, i.e. Fairness, Universality, Traceability, Usability, Robustness and Explainability. Through consensus, a set of 30 best practices were defined, addressing technical, clinical, socio-ethical and legal dimensions of trustworthy AI. The recommendations cover the entire lifecycle of healthcare AI, from design, development and validation to regulation, deployment, and monitoring. Interpretation: FUTURE-AI is a structured, risk-informed framework which provides guidance for constructing healthcare AI tools that will be trusted, deployed and adopted in real-world clinical practice. Researchers are encouraged to take the recommendations into account in proof-of-concept stages to facilitate future translation towards clinical practice of healthcare AI. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights

关键词： Clinical research

Deep learning with convolutional neural networks for brain mapping and decoding of movement-related information from the human EEG Short title: Convolutional neural networks in EEG analysis

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Schirrmeister, Robin Tibor Springenberg, Jost Tobias Fiederer, Lukas Dominique Josef Glasstetter, Martin Eggensperger, Katharina Tangermann, Michael Hutter, Frank Burgard, Wolfram Ball, Tonio Intracranial EEG and Brain Imaging lab Epilepsy Center Medical Center University of Freiburg BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence University of Freiburg Machine Learning Lab Computer Science Dept. University of Freiburg Neurobiology and Biophysics Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg Machine Learning for Automated Algorithm Design Lab Computer Science Dept. University of Freiburg Brain State Decoding Lab Computer Science Dept. University of Freiburg Autonomous Intelligent Systems Lab Computer Science Dept. University of Freiburg

Deep learning with convolutional neural networks (deep ConvNets) has revolutionized computer vision through end-to-end learning, i.e. learning from the raw data. Now, there is increasing interest in using deep ConvNets for end-to-end EEG analysis. However, little is known about many important aspects of how to design and train ConvNets for end-to-end EEG decoding, and there is still a lack of techniques to visualize the informative EEG features the ConvNets learn. Here, we studied deep ConvNets with a range of different architectures, designed for decoding imagined or executed movements from raw EEG. Our results show that recent advances from the machine learning field, including batch normalization and exponential linear units, together with a cropped training strategy, boosted the deep ConvNets decoding performance, reaching or surpassing that of the widely-used filter bank common spatial patterns (FBCSP) decoding algorithm. While FBCSP is designed to use spectral power modulations, the features used by ConvNets are not fixed a priori. Our novel methods for visualizing the learned features demonstrated that ConvNets indeed learned to use spectral power modulations in the alpha, beta and high gamma frequencies. These methods also proved useful as a technique for spatially mapping the learned features, revealing the topography of the causal contributions of features in different frequency bands to decoding the movement classes. Our study thus shows how to design and train ConvNets to decode movement-related information from the raw EEG without handcrafted features and highlights the potential of deep ConvNets combined with advanced visualization techniques for EEG-based brain mapping. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electroencephalography

Controlling a remotely located Robot using Hand Gestures in Real-time: A DSP implementation

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arXiv 2017年

作者： Raheja, Jagdish Lal Rajsekhar, Gadula A. Chaudhary, Ankit Machine Vision Lab CEERI-CSIR Pilani Rajasthan333031 India Dept. of Computer Science Northwest Missouri State University MaryvilleMO64468 United States

Telepresence is a necessity for present time as we can't reach everywhere and also it is useful in saving human life at dangerous places. A robot, which could be controlled from a distant location, can solve these problems. This could be via communication waves or networking methods. Also controlling should be in real time and smooth so that it can actuate on every minor signal in an effective way. This paper discusses a method to control a robot over the network from a distant location. The robot was controlled by hand gestures which were captured by the live camera. A DSP board TMS320DM642EVM was used to implement image pre-processing and fastening the whole system. PCA was used for gesture classification and robot actuation was done according to predefined procedures. Classification information was sent over the network in the experiment. This method is robust and could be used to control any kind of robot over distance. Copyright © 2017, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visual communication

A unified approach for learning the parameters of Sum-Product Networks 30

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A unified approach for learning the parameters of Sum-Produc...

30th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NIPS 2016

作者： Zhao, Han Poupart, Pascal Gordon, Geoff Machine Learning Dept. Carnegie Mellon University United States School of Computer Science University of Waterloo Canada

We present a unified approach for learning the parameters of Sum-Product networks (SPNs). We prove that any complete and decomposable SPN is equivalent to a mixture of trees where each tree corresponds to a product of univariate distributions. Based on the mixture model perspective, we characterize the objective function when learning SPNs based on the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) principle and show that the optimization problem can be formulated as a signomial program. We construct two parameter learning algorithms for SPNs by using sequential monomial approximations (SMA) and the concave-convex procedure (CCCP), respectively. The two proposed methods naturally admit multiplicative updates, hence effectively avoiding the projection operation. With the help of the unified framework, we also show that, in the case of SPNs, CCCP leads to the same algorithm as Expectation Maximization (EM) despite the fact that they are different in general. © 2016 NIPS Foundation - All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Maximum likelihood estimation

DESI Strong Lens Foundry I: HST Observations and Modeling with GIGA-Lens

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Huang, X. Baltasar, S. Ratier-Werbin, N. Storfer, C. Sheu, W. Agarwal, S. Tamargo-Arizmendi, M. Schlegel, D.J. Aguilar, J. Ahlen, S. Aldering, G. Banka, S. BenZvi, S. Bianchi, D. Bolton, A. Brooks, D. Cikota, A. Claybaugh, T. de la Macorra, A. Dey, A. Doel, P. Edelstein, J. Filipp, A. Forero-Romero, J.E. Gaztañaga, E. Gontcho, S.A. Gontcho Gu, A. Gutierrez, G. Honscheid, K. Jullo, E. Juneau, S. Kehoe, R. Kirkby, D. Kisner, T. Kremin, A. Kwon, K.J. Lambert, A. Landriau, M. Lang, D. Le Guillou, L. Liu, J. Meisner, A. Miquel, R. Moustakas, J. Myers, A.D. Perlmutter, S. Pérez-Ràfols, I. Prada, F. Rossi, G. Rubin, D. Sanchez, E. Schubnell, M. Shu, Y. Silver, E. Sprayberry, D. Suzuki, N. Tarlé, G. Weaver, B.A. Zou, H. Department of Physics & Astronomy University of San Francisco San FranciscoCA94117 United States Physics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Road BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics Complutense University of Madrid Madrid28040 Spain Department of Mathematics Complutense University of Madrid Madrid28040 Spain Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai’i HonoluluHI96822-1897 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy University of California Los Angeles Los AngelesCA90095 United States University of Chicago Department of Astronomy ChicagoIL60615 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15260 United States Physics Dept. Boston University 590 Commonwealth Avenue BostonMA02215 United States Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy University of Rochester 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall P.O. Box 270171 RochesterNY14627-0171 United States Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli" Università degli Studi di Milano Via Celoria 16 MilanoI-20133 Italy NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory TucsonAZ85719 United States Department of Physics & Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Gemini Observatory NSF’s NOIRLab Casilla 603 La Serena Chile Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Circuito de la Investigación Científica Ciudad Universitaria Cd. de MéxicoC. P. 04510 Mexico Space Sciences Laboratory University of California Berkeley 7 Gauss Way BerkeleyCA94720 United States Université de Montréal Physics Department 1375 Av. Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux MontréalQCH2V 0B3 Canada Ciela – Montreal Institute for Astrophysical Data Analysis and Machine Learning 1375 Av. Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux MontréalQCH2V 0B3 Canada Technical University Munich TUM School of Natural Sciences

We present the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Strong Lens Foundry. We discovered ∼ 3500 new strong gravitational lens candidates in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys using residual neural networks (ResNet). We observed a subset (51) of our candidates using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). All of them were confirmed to be strong lenses. We also briefly describe spectroscopic follow-up observations by DESI and Keck NIRES programs. From this very rich dataset, a number of studies will be carried out, including evaluating the quality of the ResNet search candidates and lens modeling. In this paper, we present our initial effort in these directions. In particular, as a demonstration, we present the lens model for DESI-165.4754-06.0423, with imaging data from HST, and lens and source redshifts from DESI and Keck NIRES, respectively. In this effort, we have applied a fully forward-modeling Bayesian approach (GIGA-Lens), using multiple GPUs, for the first time in both regards, to a strong lens with HST data, or any high resolution imaging. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Dark energy