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Hybrid CNN-ViT architecture to exploit spatio-temporal feature for fire recognition trained through transfer learning

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4703-4732页

作者： Shahid, Mohammad Wang, Hong-Cyuan Chen, Yung-Yao Hua, Kai-Lung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan

Fires are becoming one of the major natural hazards that threaten the ecology, economy, human life and even more worldwide. Therefore, early fire detection systems are crucial to prevent fires from spreading out of control and causing destruction. Based on vision sensors, many fire detection techniques have evolved with the recent surge of curiosity in deep learning, which exploits the spatial features of individual images. However, fire can take different forms, scales, and combustion materials can produce different colors, making accurate fire detection from an image challenging. Small fires captured from long-distance cameras lack salient features, further complicating detection. This paper proposes a hybrid structure that uses attention-enhanced convolutional neural networks and vision transformers (CNN-ViT) to detect fire. The proposed CNN-ViT first pays spatial attention to every frame and then aggregates temporal contextual information from neighboring frames to improve detection performance. Due to the limited availability of training fire datasets, the study employs deep transfer learning for feature extraction using pre-trained CNN. We used various metrics to examine the efficacy of the proposed approach. The results showed that the CNN-ViT method outperformed previous models based on spatial-temporal characteristics by achieving a relative improvement in accuracy and F1 score. The satisfactory results on images contaminated with different intensities of noise confirm the robustness of the approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Fires

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Improvising Early Detection of Diabetes through Deep Learning on Retinal Fundus images 3

Improvising Early Detection of Diabetes through Deep Learnin...

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3rd International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems, ICEARS 2025

作者： Balaji, Krishna Ganesh, Maniprabha Shankar Murali, Daneesh Pachiappan, Kalaivani Iyyanar, P. Jayakumar, Nithya Kongu Engineering College Dept. of Computer Science Erode India Sona College of Technology Dept. of Information Technology Salem India K.S Rangasamy College of Technology Dept. of Information Technology Tiruchengode India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509675

Diabetes is a chronic disease whose timely and accurate diagnosis will prevent serious complications from health. This paper explores using iridology principles in a deep learning method to detect diabetes from retinal images in order to streamline the process and automate the procedure. The objective here is to create a non-invasive procedure for early and reliable detection of the disease. Deep learning in medical imaging is the new way to interfere with conventional modes of diagnostics. The retinal imaging is non-invasive and has, over the years, been put to use in medical examinations, and its potential is now absolutely being utilized in the early diagnosis of diabetes. A retinal analysis that is based on principles, integrating them into iridology, concentrating on the patterns and signs portrayed in the iris for possible reflections of a general health condition, is aimed at achieving earlier indications of diabetes in a more effortless and rapid way. Models such as ResNet50, ResNet101, and EfficientNetB7 were precious but actually, it was InceptionV3 that delivered a great accuracy of 97.14%. This result proves the feasibility application of InceptionV3 for diagnosing diabetes in the early stages, thus eventually providing an easy and non-invasive way of moving forward to better health. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Ophthalmology

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SINR-Delay Constrained Node Localization in RIS-Assisted Time-Varying IoT Networks Using ML Frameworks

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IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 2025年第2期22卷 1544-1557页

作者： Bhardwaj, Vikash Kumar Mundada, Gagan Sahoo, Omm Prakash Shukla, Mahendra K. Pandey, Om Jee Varanasi Dept. of Electronics Engineering 221005 India University of California San Diego Computer Science and Engineering Dept United States Varanasi Dept. of Electrical Engineering 221005 India ABV-IIITM Gwalior Dept. of Information Technology India

Node localization in time-varying Internet of Things (IoT) networks is an essential problem due to increased delay and poor Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) at the Base Station (BS). To improve the received signal strength at the BS, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) has recently been used between transmitter and receiver. Additionally, novel phase prediction methods and optimal weight assignment frameworks have been proposed over RIS and BSs, respectively. Nevertheless, these methods suffer from poor performance due to their heuristic approach, resulting in more time consumption and poor SINR. Motivated by the aforementioned challenges, we propose a novel node localization method over a RIS-assisted time-varying IoT network using Machine Learning (ML) frameworks in this work. Firstly, the method computes the optimal phase configuration over the RIS corresponding to each element using coeff2phaseNN, which has been trained on channel coefficients among the transmitter, receiver, and RIS. Subsequently, the weight of the individual antenna element at the BS is optimized using the proposed VectorSync model. The results confirm that the coeff2phaseNN method demonstrates a reduction of 89.79% in total MSE loss compared to the Artificial Neural Network-RIS (ANN-RIS) method. Additionally, it demonstrates a 71.04% reduction in the absolute RIS phase prediction deviation from the optimal phase compared to the ANN-RIS method. Moreover, the proposed VectorSync method attains a 79.28% and 92.29% reduction in time required for optimal weight assignment compared to the Bartlett and Capon methods, respectively. Finally, the Localization Error(LR) using the proposed method is compared to conventional methods in a time-varying experimental scenario and found to be the minimum, i.e., 6.156%. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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An Integrated Framework with Enhanced Primitives for Post-Quantum Cryptography: HEDT and ECSIDH for Cloud Data Security and Key Exchange

Informatica (Slovenia)

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Informatica (Slovenia) 2025年第11期49卷 165-176页

作者： Ilias, Shaik Mohammad Sharmila, V. Ceronmani Durga, V. Sathya Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Information Technology Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India Department of Computer Science&Engineering Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science Chennai India

If adversaries were to obtain quantum computers in the future, their massive computing power would likely break existing security schemes. Since security is a continuous process, more substantial security schemes must be developed. Current PQC schemes primarily focus on data security or key exchange, and further improvement towards enhanced PQC primitives is required. Our proposal in this research is an innovative paradigm for PQC-focused cloud data security. The proposed HEDT approach achieves encryption and decryption with significantly lower latency (20% improvement) and higher reliability than AES, DES, and RSA, as demonstrated through experimental results. Furthermore, ECSIDH, a hybrid key exchange mechanism combining SIDH and ECDH, improves security strength by 50% while maintaining computational costs within 1.13x of SIDH. Compared to individual key exchange schemes like SIDH, ECSIDH offers superior security as a PQC candidate. These results confirm the robustness and efficiency of the proposed framework in ensuring secure data outsourcing and key exchange in cloud environments. © 2025 Slovene Society Informatika. All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum computers

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Exploring the Potential of MANETs: A Study on Raspberry Pi and UAV Integration 3

Exploring the Potential of MANETs: A Study on Raspberry Pi a...

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3rd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things, IDCIoT 2025

作者： Archana, B. Mahalakshmi, A. Revathi, K. Ashok Kumar, K. Hema, A.B. Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College Coimbatore India Dept. of Information Technology SNS College of Engineering Coimbatore India

ISBN: (数字)9798331527549

ISBN: (纸本)9798331527549

This research investigates the feasibility of utilizing Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) in conjunction with Raspberry Pi-equipped Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) swarms. The primary objective is to overcome the limitations of traditional communication infrastructures in dynamic and decentralized environments. Specifically, we address the challenge of establishing reliable and efficient communication links within a swarm of UAVs engaged in various applications, including disaster response, military reconnaissance, and environmental monitoring. By integrating Raspberry Pi devices with UAVs, we aim to create a self-organizing communication network that enables seamless data transmission, coordinated swarm operations, and enhanced mission effectiveness. The research explores different synchronization strategies, including master-slave and decentralized approaches, to optimize swarm coordination. Furthermore, we investigate the potential of incorporating advanced technologies such as machine learning, computer vision, and swarm intelligence to further enhance the autonomy, adaptability, and overall performance of the UAV swarm. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile ad hoc networks

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LeXNet++: Layer-wise eXplainable ResUNet++ framework for segmentation of colorectal polyp cancer images

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第1期37卷 213-229页

作者： Das, Surajit Khan, Soumya Suvra Sengupta, Diganta Debashis, De Dept. of Information Technology Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology Behind Urbana Complex Near Ruby General Hospital Anandapur Rd Uchhepota Kolkata700150 India Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology Behind Urbana Complex Near Ruby General Hospital Anandapur Rd Uchhepota Kolkata700150 India Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Heritage Institute of Technology Chowbaga Road West Bengal Anandapur Kolkata700107 India Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology West Bengal NH-12 Simhat Haringhata West Bengal Nadia741249 India

Colorectal polyps are benign lesions that develop in the colon and can progress to cancer if left untreated. Clinical observations from medical images are often preferred over computational results due to the lack of trust in the machine learning models, thereby posing serious challenge for the explainability of the results. In order to computationally diagnose colorectal polyps from cancerous images and explain the results, we propose a Layer-wise eXplainable ResUNet++ (LeXNet++) framework for segmentation of the cancerous images, followed by layer-wise explanation of the results. We utilize a publicly accessible dataset that contains of 612 raw images with a resolution of 256×256×3 and an additional 612 clinically annotated and labeled images with a resolution of 256×256×1, which includes the infected region. The LeXNet++ framework comprises of three components—encoder, decoder and the bridge. The encoder and the decoder components each comprise of four layers. Each of the four layers in the encoder and the decoder comprises of 14 and 11 internal sub-layers, respectively. Among the sub-layers of the encoder and the decoder, there are three 3×3 convolutional layers with an additional 3×3 convolution-transpose layer in the decoder. The output of each of the sub-layers has been explained through heatmap generation after each iteration which have been further explained. The encoder and the decoder are connected by the bridge which comprises of three sub-layers. The results obtained from these three sub-layers have also been explained to inculcate trust in the findings. In this study, we have used three models to segment the images, namely UNet, ResUNet, and proposed LeXNet++. LeXNet++ exhibited the best result among the three models in terms of performance;hence, only LeXNet++ was explained layer-wise. Apart from explanation of the results fetched in this study, the performance of the proposed explainable model has been observed to be 2% greater than the existing poly

关键词： Image segmentation

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SWATI AI : Advancing AI Models from Rule-Based Frameworks to NLP-Driven Prescriptive Analytics to Assist Victims of Domestic Abuse 1

SWATI AI : Advancing AI Models from Rule-Based Frameworks to...

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1st International Conference on AIML-Applications for Engineering and technology, ICAET 2025

作者： Awasekar, Dipali Dilip Lobo, L.M.R.J. WIT-Solapur Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University Dept. of Computer Science and Engg. Maharashtra Solapur India Walchand Institute of Technology Dept. of Information Technology Maharashtra Solapur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350355611

SWATI AI (Support and Welfare Assistance through technology Interface) is an AI-driven chatbot designed to assist victims of domestic abuse by providing accessible, non-judgmental, and actionable legal guidance. This paper introduces the LAMP2 (Legal Analytics Model for Prediction and Prescription), the core framework that powers SWATI, progressing through four distinct research phases aimed at enhancing decision-making capabilities for victims of domestic violence under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. Phase 0 focuses on the creation of a curated dataset, PROTECT-JC, which compiles judgments from district courts, high courts, and the Supreme Court of India between 2008 and 2024. This dataset, developed in collaboration with legal experts and judicial professionals, serves as the foundation for training models to predict legal outcomes. Phase 1 introduces a rule-based decision framework in LAMP2 1.0, designed to extract and map predefined intents and entities from user inputs. This phase enables the structured documentation of complaints, providing victims with initial guidance based on the legal provisions of the Domestic Violence Act, 2005. The rule-based approach achieved accuracy of 80%, but with limited customization for individual cases. In Phase 2, LAMP2 2.0 leverages supervised machine learning models to predict legal outcomes, such as protection orders, custody orders, and monetary relief. These models, including Random Forest, XGBoost, and Decision Trees, achieved impressive results, with the Random Forest model showing 96.5% accuracy in predicting protection orders. Phase 3 evolves the model further with NLP-driven predictive analytics to process unstructured legal narratives, such as case judgments, transforming them into structured data for improved predictions. Models like Llama and Mixtral demonstrated strong summarization capabilities and show promise in predicting legal results. The integration of NLP and machine learning te

关键词： Decision making

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Integrated and Intelligent Elder-Friendly E-commerce Framework using NLP Techniques

Integrated and Intelligent Elder-Friendly E-commerce Framewo...

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2025 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and computer Science, SCEECS 2025

作者： Sivasanjith, G. Mohan Prabhu, N. Hemaswathi, S. Rajkumar, P. Rajeshkannan, C. Dhivya, R. Kare Dept. of Information Technology Krishnankovil India Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Indra Ganesan College of Engineering Tiruchirappalli India Mount Zion College of Engg. and Tech. Dept. of Computer Science and Engg. Pudukottai India Suguna College of Engineering Dept. of Computer Science and Engg. Coimbatore India M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering Dept. of Information Technology Karur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529833

All over the world, the population of elderly people is increasing a lot. There needs to be special attention to the welfare of the elderly person to make them confident in their independent quality of living. In recent years, researchers have shown much interest in smart home automation for people who live alone without any human assistance. However, the purchase of medical drugs, diapers, etc., outside the house has to be fulfilled by their family members or caretakers. In most cases, it is not feasible, as the family members may stay long away from the elders. Purchasing online is easy;however, analyzing the best product requires knowledge in each e-commerce application for better quality at a low cost. This paper proposes an integrated and intelligent e-commerce framework to avoid the drawback of purchasing items online in a single window using the NLP technique. The proposed framework provides offers, discounts, star ratings, and product reviews by analyzing other customers' review data and purchase patterns. It provides interactive data analysis at a single window for the ease of elderly persons. The performance of the proposed framework was evaluated by 120 elderly persons using a simple questionnaire with a statistical analysis of a sample purchase. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Recommender systems

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Electric Vehicle Charging System Using RFID and IoT for Enhanced User Experience 5

Electric Vehicle Charging System Using RFID and IoT for Enha...

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5th IEEE Middle East and North Africa COMMunications Conference, MENACOMM 2025

作者： Hassain, Md Mehedi Haque Jamil, Injamul Hoque, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Jahid International Islamic University Chittagong Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Chittagong Bangladesh University of Greenwich Dept. of Computing and Mathematical Sciences London United Kingdom CCN University of Science and Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Cumilla Bangladesh Comilla University Dept. of Information and Communication Technology Cumilla Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519957

Electric vehicles (EVs) are surging in popularity globally, offering a greener and more energy-efficient alternative to traditional cars. Our research aims to develop an RFID based system designed to automate EV charging with minimal user input. This system integrates RFID readers, tags, a microcontroller, and a relay module to manage and monitor charging sessions efficiently. An IoT platform supports real time monitoring and remote control, while a secure payment mechanism handles transactions seamlessly. RFID tags identify vehicles for automatic charging initiation, and the relay module prevents overcharging by disconnecting power after a set time. The system uses MQTT for data transmission and offers real-Time insights into energy use and account balances. All information is updated and displayed in real-Time on the server. MySQL ensures scalability, enabling effective handling of large volumes of data. The mobile application dashboard provides a view of the charging and discharging processes for user monitoring, and an email notification is sent after the recharge. EV battery charging status is monitored through visual graphs. Key benefits include a streamlined user experience, improved charging management, and support for EV adoption. This innovation advances sustainable mobility with a user friendly, efficient charging solution. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Radio frequency identification (RFID)

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Quantum Resistance Blockchain Algorithm using QHF and Novel Consensus Mechanism

Quantum Resistance Blockchain Algorithm using QHF and Novel ...

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2025 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and computer Science, SCEECS 2025

作者： Paul, Soumyadip Mazumdar, Mausumi Maitra Chakraborty, Sarit Government College of Engineering & Ceramic Technology Dept. of Information Technology Kolkata700010 India Government College of Engineering and Leather Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kolkata700106 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529833

The emergence of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the security of traditional blockchain systems, which rely heavily on classical cryptographic algorithms. To safeguard the integrity and reliability of blockchain technology in the upcoming era, this work proposes a novel quantum-resistant blockchain architecture. This approach integrates a robust consensus mechanism, with advanced quantum cryptographic primitives, including quantum digital signatures based on a Quantum Hash Function (QHF). Incorporating a quantum hash function enhances the blockchain resistance, providing an additional layer of security against quantum attacks. By combining these elements, our method creates a blockchain system fortified against the potential vulnerabilities introduced by quantum computers. The proposed solution leverages the power of QHFs to safeguard transaction integrity, while the consensus mechanism ensures the reliability and decentralization of the network. This paper also delves into the theoretical underpinnings of quantum blockchains, exploring their design, feasibility, and potential applications, emphasizing their promising future, particularly in areas such as decentralized identity authentication. Finally, it contributes to the development of a secure and resilient blockchain ecosystem capable of thriving in the coming era. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Quantum computers

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