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Fast spectral color image segmentation based on filtering and clustering

Fast spectral color image segmentation based on filtering an...

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MIPPR 2009 - Multispectral Image Acquisition and Processing: 6th International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing and Pattern Recognition

作者： Xing, Min Li, Hongyu Jia, Jinyuan Parkkinen, Jussi School of Software Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 201804 China Dept. of Computer Science and Statistics University of Joensuu Joensuu 80101 Finland

ISBN: (纸本)9780819478054

This paper proposes a fast approach to spectral image segmentation. In the algorithm, two popular techniques are extended and applied to spectral color images: the mean-shift filtering and the kernel-based clustering. We claim that segmentation should be completed under illuminant F11 rather than directly using the original spectral reflectance, because such illumination can reduce data variability and expedite the following filtering. The modes obtained in the mean-shift filtering represent the local features of spectral images, and will be applied to segmentation in place of pixels. Since the modes are generally small in number, the eigendecomposition of kernel matrices, the crucial step in the kernelbased clustering, becomes much easier. The combination of these two techniques can efficiently enhance the performance of segmentation. Experiments show that the proposed segmentation method is feasible and very promising for spectral color images. © 2009 Copyright SPIE - The International Society for Optical engineering.

关键词： Color

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A shape-based approach to the registration of medical imagery using Gaussian mixture models

A shape-based approach to the registration of medical imager...

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2009 WRI World Congress on computer Science and Information engineering, CSIE 2009

作者： Jonghyun, Park Wanhyun, Cho Soonyoung, Park Myungeun, Lee Sunworl, Kim Changbu, Jeong Junsik, Lim Gueesang, Lee School of Electronics and Computer Engineering Chonnam National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Statistics Chonnam National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Electronics Engineering Mokpo National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Internet Software Honam University Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9780769535074

The problems of segmentation and registration are traditionally approached separately;yet the accuracy of one is of great importance in influencing the accuracy of the other. We propose a new method, using shape information and a statistical model, to address the problem of multimodality medical image registration. Using the approach presented in this paper, we apply a Q-function to measure the statistical dependence or information redundancy between the probability distributions of corresponding voxels from the region of interest in both images. We define a new registration measure with a Q-function obtained by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based on an Expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The Qfunction is assumed to be maximal if the two images for the registration are geometrically aligned. Using the registration traces based on the Q-function, we evaluate the precision of the proposed approach between MR images and CT images. The experimental results show that our method can be very successful in registering various medical images that use different modalities. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： computerized tomography

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Characterizing the Scaling Capacity of Multiple Gateway Access in Wireless Sensor Networks

Characterizing the Scaling Capacity of Multiple Gateway Acce...

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International Conference on Scalable Computing and Communications/8th International Conference on Embedded Computing

作者： Yang, Panlong Dong, Chao Wang, Hai Chen, Guihai Institute of Communication Engineering P.L.A University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Dept. of Computer Science Nanjing University China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424453320

We study the scaling capacity of wireless sensor networks in case of multiple gateways are presented. In such a heterogeneous network, many gateways are needed to gather data from the sensor nodes in network. Different from the previously studied single-gateway model, our proposed gateway access model allows multiple gateway nodes being seamlessly connected with high speed wire-line or wide-band radios. Once the data from the sensor node is sent to any gateway node, it can be collaboratively sent to the appropriate sink node among multiple gateways, which could effectively avoid throughput reduction due to multi-hop routing among the sensor node. This mechanism is called "Destination-hub", which could ensure the bounded time delay and network capacity. However under such a cooperative scheme, two research issues need to be tackled. One is the number of nodes in network and the second is the scaling capacity for each node when multiple gateway nodes are presented. Our proposed model is a fundamental research work for scaling capacity, which could also provide an instructive proposal for future gateway deployment. In this paper, we characterize the scaling capacity between gateways and sensor nodes under different gateway access model. If gateway nodes are randomly deployed, the number is Omega(log n), and there are at least 4 log l gateway nodes are needed in each squarelet region so as to keep the gateway connectivity, where r is the transmitting range of sensor nodes, and l is the side length of the deployed square region. And we can conclude that, the gateway nodes can be tightly bounded by Theta(log n). For random placement, the scaling capacity for such a scheme is Theta(n). And we have also proposed an optimized scheme for reducing the number of gateway nodes. Considering the interference Voronoi cell, the reduced gateway nodes can be 2 ln l, and still bounded by Theta(log n).

关键词： Sensor nodes

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Reasoning intra-dependency in commitments for robust scheduling

Reasoning intra-dependency in commitments for robust schedul...

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8th International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems 2009, AAMAS 2009

作者： Wang, Mingzhong Ramamohanarao, Kotagiri Chen, Jinjun Dept. of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Melbourne VIC 3010 Australia Faculty of ICT Swinburne University of Technology VIC 3122 Australia

ISBN: (纸本)9781615673346

Commitment-modeled protocols enable flexible and robust interactions among agents. However, existing work has focused on features and capabilities of protocols without considering the active role of agents in them. Therefore, in this paper we propose to augment agents with the ability of reasoning about and manipulating their commitments to maximize the system utility. We adopt a bottom-up approach by first investigating the intra-dependency between each commitment's preconditions and result which leads to a novel classification of commitments as well as a formalism to express various types of complex commitment. Within this framework, we provide a set of inference rules to benefit an agent by means of commitment refactoring which enables composition and/or decomposition of its commitments to optimize runtime performance. We also discuss the pros and cons of an agent scheduling and executing its commitments in parallel. We propose a reasoning strategy and an algorithm to minimize possible loss when the commitment is broken and maximize the overall system robustness and performance. Experiments show that concurrent schedules based on the features of commitments can boost the system performance significantly. Copyright © 2009, International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems.

关键词： Scheduling

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Facial caricature generation using a quadratic deformation model

Facial caricature generation using a quadratic deformation m...

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International Conference on Advances in computer Entertainment Technology, ACE 2009

作者： Obaid, M. Lond, D. Mukundan, R. Billinghurst, M. HITLab. New Zealand University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand Computer Science and Software Engineering Dept. University of Canterbury New Zealand Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics University of Canterbury New Zealand

ISBN: (纸本)9781605588643

In this paper we propose a novel approach for generating expressive caricatures from an input image. The novelty of this work comes from combining an Active Appearance Model facial feature extraction system with a quadratic deformation model representation of facial expressions. The extracted features are deformed using the quadratic deformation parameters, resulting in an expressive caricature. The facial feature extraction requires an offline training process which uses natural expression annotated images from 30 model subjects, selected randomly from the Cohn-Kanade Database. The results show that from an input facial image, expressive caricatures are generated for the main six face expressions (smile, sad, fear, surprise, disgust, and anger). The proposed approach yields to promising expressive caricatures, and could lead to future research directions in the field of non-photorealistic rendering. In addition, the proposed approach can be employed in entertaining standalone applications or caricature animations. © ACM 2009.

关键词： Deformation

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TBCD-TDM: Novel ultra-low energy protocol for implantable wireless body sensor networks

TBCD-TDM: Novel ultra-low energy protocol for implantable wi...

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2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM 2009

作者： Fereydouni Forouzandeh, F. Ait Mohamed, O. Sawan, M. Awwad, F. Electrical and Computer Eng. Dept. Concordia University Montreal QC Canada Electrical Engineering Dept. École Polytechnique Montreal QC Canada College of Information Technology United Arab Emirates University United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781424441488

The field of Remote health monitoring now includes technologies such as home and mobile health monitoring, teleretinal imaging, tele-radiology, remote cardiac monitoring, video conferencing and sensors for remote diagnosis and treatment to patients. In this regard, implantable wireless body sensor networks (IWBSNs) have recently emerged as an important and growing research area. These implantable sensors are required to be reliable, very small, battery-operated, and capable of collecting data, processing it, and transmitting it wirelessly and efficiently. Since these devices are required to run with limited resources (energy, processing, and memory), their utility protocols (collecting, processing, and communication) should be designed carefully, not only to work reliably but, more importantly, to be resource-efficient. The life time of the embedded batteries associated with these sensor nodes varies from a few days to a few weeks as was described in a previous work by the authors. In this paper, we propose a novel technique which allows the implanted sensor nodes to communicate with a base station located outside the body efficiently by consuming the minimum amount of energy. Our proposed protocol allows the battery to last significantly longer even for years with a gain of up to 100's times of power saving. This will improve the quality of patient life, and reduce risk of infection resulting from frequent chirurgical operations needed to replace such implantable batteries. Also, a new time synchronization algorithm is briefly introduced in this work that is especially applicable to our proposed communication protocol.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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3D reconstruction of the human spine from radiograph(s) using a multi-body statistical model

3D reconstruction of the human spine from radiograph(s) usin...

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Medical Imaging 2009: Visualization, Image-Guided Procedures, and Modeling

作者： Jonathan, Boisvert Cheriet, Farida Pennec, Xavier Ayache, Nicholas School of Computing Queen's University Kingston ON Canada Dept. of Computer Engineering Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal Canada Asclepios Project Team INRIA Sophia Antipolis France

ISBN: (纸本)9780819475121

Three-dimensional models of the spine are very important in diagnosing, assessing, and studying spinal deformities. These models are generally computed using multi-planar radiography, since it minimizes the radiation dose delivered to patients and allows them to assume a natural standing position during image acquisition. However, conventional reconstruction methods require at a minimum two sufficiently distant radiographs (e.g., posterioranterior and lateral radiographs) to compute a satisfactory model. Still, it is possible to expand the applicability of 3D reconstructions by using a statistical model of the entire spine shape. In this paper, we describe a reconstruction method that takes advantage of a multi-body statistical model to reconstruct 3D spine models. This method can be applied to reconstruct a 3D model from any number of radiographs and can also integrate prior knowledge about spine length or preexisting vertebral models. Radiographs obtained from a group of 37 scoliotic patients were used to validate the proposed reconstruction method using a single posterior-anterior radiograph. Moreover, we present simulation results where 3D reconstructions obtained from two radiographs using the proposed method and using the direct linear transform method are compared. Results indicate that it is possible to reconstruct 3D spine models from a single radiograph, and that its accuracy is improved by the addition of constraints, such as a prior knowledge of spine length or of the vertebral anatomy. Results also indicate that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of 3D spine models computed from two radiographs. © 2009 SPIE.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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Integrating visual and semantic contexts for topic network generation and word sense disambiguation 09

Integrating visual and semantic contexts for topic network g...

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ACM International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval, CIVR 2009

作者： Fan, Jianping Luo, Hangzai Shen, Yi Yang, Chunlei Dept. of Computer Science UNC-Charlotte Charlotte NC 28223 United States Software Engineering Institute East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781605584805

To support more effective searches in large-scale weakly-tagged image collections, we have developed a novel algorithm to integrate both the visual similarity contexts between the images and the semantic similarity contexts between their tags for topic network generation and word sense disambiguation. First, a topic network is generated to characterize both the semantic similarity contexts and the visual similarity contexts between the image topics more sufficiently. By organizing large numbers of image topics according to their cross-modal inter-topic similarity contexts, our topic network can make the semantics behind the tag space more explicit, so that users can gain deep insights rapidly and formulate their queries more precisely. Second, our word sense disambiguation algorithm can integrate the topic network to exploit both the visual similarity contexts between the images and the semantic similarity contexts between their tags for addressing the issues of polysemes and synonyms more effectively, thus it can significantly improve the precision and recall rates for image retrieval. Our experiments on large-scale Flickr and LabelMe image collections have provided very positive results. Copyright 2009 ACM.

关键词： Semantics

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Educational case studies with an open source embedded real-time Java processor

Educational case studies with an open source embedded real-t...

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2009 Workshop on Embedded Systems Education, WESE 2009

作者： Pedersen, Rasmus Ulslev Schoeberl, Martin Embedded Software Laboratory Dept. of Informatics Copenhagen Business School Howitzvej 60 2000 Frederiksberg Denmark Institute of Computer Engineering Vienna University of Technology Austria

ISBN: (纸本)9781450300216

In this paper we show a platform which allows for education and training of a number of essential embedded skills. The Java optimized processor (JOP) is open source and has been used in several educational and training sessions and we cover how each setting has trained a special skill set. The experience covers basics from undergraduate education to Ph.D. level education. At each level different properties of the system are emphasized. Our emphasis on the interdisciplinary of embedded systems education is based on referenced research findings. This way we provide empirical findings and couple it with academic frameworks. © ACM 2009.

关键词： Embedded systems

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User evaluation of lightweight user authentication with a single tri-axis accelerometer 09

User evaluation of lightweight user authentication with a si...

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Living in a world as colorful as you - 11th International Conference on Human-computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services, MobileHCI 2009

作者： Liu, Jiayang Zhong, Lin Wickramasuriya, Jehan Vasudevan, Venu Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX United States Software Platforms Research Motorola Inc. Schaumburg IL United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605582818

We report a series of user studies that evaluate the feasibility and usability of light-weight user authentication with a single tri-axis accelerometer. We base our investigation on uWave, a state-ofthe- art recognition system for user-created free-space manipulation, or gestures. Our user studies address two types of user authentication: non-critical authentication (or identification) for a user to retrieve privacy-insensitive data;and critical authentication for protecting privacy-sensitive data. For non-critical authentication, our evaluation shows that uWave achieves high recognition accuracy (98%) and its usability is comparable with text IDbased authentication. Our results also highlight the importance of constraints for users to select their gestures. For critical authentication, the evaluation shows uWave achieves state-of-the-art resilience to attacks with 3% false positives and 3% false negatives, or 3% equal error rate. We also show that the equal error rate increases to 10% if the attackers see the users performing their gestures. This shows the limitation of gesture-based authentication and highlights the need for visual concealment.

关键词： Accelerometers

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