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23rd Slovak-Czech-Polish Optical Conference on Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics

作者： Goraus, Matej Martincek, Ivan Kacik, Daniel Dept. of Physics University of Zilina Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Univerzitna 1 Zilina01026 Slovakia

ISBN: (数字)9781510688094

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688087

In this paper, we present a mechanical microgripper structure at the end of an optical fiber, whose movement is controlled by a magnetic field. The mechanical structure is created using modern 3D laser lithography from the IP-Dip polymer. This technique allows the creation of arbitrary structures, and the flexibility of the polymer enables the formation of various movable and mechanical parts of the structure. Our proposed structure has two jaws, one of which is movable and contains a ferromagnetic microparticle that interacts with the magnetic field to open the microgripper's jaw. Once the magnetic field is removed, the jaws return to their original position. The structure is attached to the end face of the optical fiber with epoxy, allowing it to move in a liquid. This way, we aim to capture microparticles present in the liquid. Since IP-Dip also has excellent optical properties, the proposed structure has the potential to create a multidisciplinary sensor in the future and become part of optomechanical components. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Plastic optical fibers

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LeXNet++: Layer-wise eXplainable ResUNet++ framework for segmentation of colorectal polyp cancer images

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第1期37卷 213-229页

作者： Das, Surajit Khan, Soumya Suvra Sengupta, Diganta Debashis, De Dept. of Information Technology Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology Behind Urbana Complex Near Ruby General Hospital Anandapur Rd Uchhepota Kolkata700150 India Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Meghnad Saha Institute of Technology Behind Urbana Complex Near Ruby General Hospital Anandapur Rd Uchhepota Kolkata700150 India Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Heritage Institute of Technology Chowbaga Road West Bengal Anandapur Kolkata700107 India Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology West Bengal NH-12 Simhat Haringhata West Bengal Nadia741249 India

Colorectal polyps are benign lesions that develop in the colon and can progress to cancer if left untreated. Clinical observations from medical images are often preferred over computational results due to the lack of trust in the machine learning models, thereby posing serious challenge for the explainability of the results. In order to computationally diagnose colorectal polyps from cancerous images and explain the results, we propose a Layer-wise eXplainable ResUNet++ (LeXNet++) framework for segmentation of the cancerous images, followed by layer-wise explanation of the results. We utilize a publicly accessible dataset that contains of 612 raw images with a resolution of 256×256×3 and an additional 612 clinically annotated and labeled images with a resolution of 256×256×1, which includes the infected region. The LeXNet++ framework comprises of three components—encoder, decoder and the bridge. The encoder and the decoder components each comprise of four layers. Each of the four layers in the encoder and the decoder comprises of 14 and 11 internal sub-layers, respectively. Among the sub-layers of the encoder and the decoder, there are three 3×3 convolutional layers with an additional 3×3 convolution-transpose layer in the decoder. The output of each of the sub-layers has been explained through heatmap generation after each iteration which have been further explained. The encoder and the decoder are connected by the bridge which comprises of three sub-layers. The results obtained from these three sub-layers have also been explained to inculcate trust in the findings. In this study, we have used three models to segment the images, namely UNet, ResUNet, and proposed LeXNet++. LeXNet++ exhibited the best result among the three models in terms of performance;hence, only LeXNet++ was explained layer-wise. Apart from explanation of the results fetched in this study, the performance of the proposed explainable model has been observed to be 2% greater than the existing poly

关键词： Image segmentation

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MAT2I: Enhancing Perceptual Authenticity in Text-to-Image Synthesis Using Multi-Attribute Generative Adversarial Networks

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Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 2025年 82卷 2453-2469页

作者： Singh, Varsha Singh, Vijai Tiwary, Uma Shanker IT Dept. Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad U.P. Prayagraj211015 India CSE Department Inderprastha Engineering College U.P. Ghaziabad201010 India

Generating visuals from text involves deriving visual representations from textual descriptions and transforming them into corresponding visuals. This technique finds vast application in various fields, such as graphic design and image editing. Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are the widely used and better performers for this task. A primary hurdle in this process is producing perceptually authentic visuals. This study introduces a Multi-Attribute Text to Image Synthesis Generative Adversarial Network (MAT2I) to address these challenges. The enhancements encompass attribute-control-net, feature alignment, and perceptual loss. The attribute-control-net is used for the fast and attribute-specific generation to maintain authenticity in perceptuality with adaptability. Feature alignment and perceptual loss motivate the generator to create visuals that closely resemble real visuals based on the accompanying text and to reduce randomness. The effectiveness of the proposed model is gauged on the CUB and COCO datasets. Empirical findings illustrate that this approach generates visuals with greater content diversity, enhanced realism, and improved semantic alignment with provided text descriptions. Furthermore, the proposed method surpasses comparative techniques in terms of inception score, further establishing its competitive performance. ©2025 The Authors.

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DNA Sequence Alignment: Exploring All Potential Optimal Solutions 3

DNA Sequence Alignment: Exploring All Potential Optimal Solu...

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3rd International Conference on Intelligent Systems, Advanced Computing, and Communication, ISACC 2025

作者： Ghosh, Rittija Ray, Sanchita Saha St. Thomas' College of Engineering & Technology Dept. of Information Technology Kolkata India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331523893

This paper presents a DNA Sequence Alignment approach that explores all potential optimal solutions for aligning pairwise DNA sequences. The suggested DNA sequence alignment technique introduces a new concept of the Direction matrix to explore all the possible DNA sequence alignments by traversing the specified directions within the matrix. The directions are symbolized by symbols "d"( for diagonal), "u"(for upwards), and "l"(for left). The presence of these symbols symbolizes the path that should be traversed within the Direction matrix to generate the paired sequence alignments. The proposed method has been fully experimented across six distinct cases, with sequence lengths ranging from 8 to 64 nucleotides, using 100 pairs of pseudo randomly generated sequences. Although, the proposed method takes longer alignment time as compared to the well-established Needleman & Wunsch algorithm, but is more efficient as it generates all possible optimal sequence alignments instead only one. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Direction Matrix DNA Sequence Alignment Globally Aligned Optimal DNA Sequence Alignments Score Matrix

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Electric Vehicle Charging System Using RFID and IoT for Enhanced User Experience 5

Electric Vehicle Charging System Using RFID and IoT for Enha...

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5th IEEE Middle East and North Africa COMMunications Conference, MENACOMM 2025

作者： Hassain, Md Mehedi Haque Jamil, Injamul Hoque, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Md. Jahid International Islamic University Chittagong Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Chittagong Bangladesh University of Greenwich Dept. of Computing and Mathematical Sciences London United Kingdom CCN University of Science and Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Cumilla Bangladesh Comilla University Dept. of Information and Communication Technology Cumilla Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519957

Electric vehicles (EVs) are surging in popularity globally, offering a greener and more energy-efficient alternative to traditional cars. Our research aims to develop an RFID based system designed to automate EV charging with minimal user input. This system integrates RFID readers, tags, a microcontroller, and a relay module to manage and monitor charging sessions efficiently. An IoT platform supports real time monitoring and remote control, while a secure payment mechanism handles transactions seamlessly. RFID tags identify vehicles for automatic charging initiation, and the relay module prevents overcharging by disconnecting power after a set time. The system uses MQTT for data transmission and offers real-Time insights into energy use and account balances. All information is updated and displayed in real-Time on the server. MySQL ensures scalability, enabling effective handling of large volumes of data. The mobile application dashboard provides a view of the charging and discharging processes for user monitoring, and an email notification is sent after the recharge. EV battery charging status is monitored through visual graphs. Key benefits include a streamlined user experience, improved charging management, and support for EV adoption. This innovation advances sustainable mobility with a user friendly, efficient charging solution. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Radio frequency identification (RFID)

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Optimizing Location Allocation in Urban Management: A Brief Review 29

Optimizing Location Allocation in Urban Management: A Brief ...

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29th International Computer Conference, Computer Society of Iran, CSICC 2025

作者： Ayati, Aref Naji, Hamid Reza Hashemi, Mohammad Mahdi Saffar, Mohsen Dept. of Computer Engineering and Information Technology Graduate University of Advanced Technology Kerman Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798331523114

Various issues in the fields of urban management, digital transformation, and smart cities have been presented recently. Currently, we like to attend to optimizing location allocation problems that can be a new part of digital transformation in urban management (such as locating and placing facilities, locating and arranging centers such as aid and rescue centers, or even postal hubs, telecommunications, electronic equipment, data centers, and routing in transportation optimization). These issues, which are seemingly simple but in practice complex, are important in urban environments, and the issue of accurate location allocation based on existing criteria directly impacts cost management, profit, efficiency, and citizen satisfaction. In recent years, researchers have used or presented various models and methods for location allocation problems, some of which will be mentioned in this article. This review examines heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches, including GA, PSO, and GIS-based models, highlighting their applications and limitations in urban management optimization. Finally, a brief conclusion will be made of the existing methods and some of their weaknesses, and suggestions will be made for continuing the path and improving scientific and practical research in this field. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Digital Transformation GIS Location Allocation Optimization Smart City Urban Management

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Experimental study on the combined influence of geogrid and rubber granules on the shear behavior of railway ballast

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Granular Matter 2025年第3期27卷 1-13页

作者： Yan, Zihan Chen, Jing Hu, Qihang Li, Chang Gao, Rui The Key Laboratory of Safety for Geotechnical and Structural Engineering of Hubei Province School of Civil Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan430072 China Transport Research Centre Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW2007 Australia Dept. of Civil Engineering Zhejiang Univ. Hangzhou310000 China

Geogrid is one of the most widely used geoinclusions in railway engineering to improve the bearing capacity of ballasted tracks. However, its effectiveness in mitigating ballast degradation, recognized as the most critical engineering challenge, remains limited, particularly in the context of the increasing demand for faster and heavier haul transportation nowadays. Rubber granules (RG), manufactured from waste rubber tires, possess high energy-absorbing properties that dampen vibration, reducing the stresses on ballast particles and helping to prevent ballast degradation. In order to explore the practical methods to delay the degradation of ballast and improve the performance of track bed, in this study, a series of large-scale direct shear tests were conducted on ballast aggregates with different geogrid-inclusion conditions and various RG content to investigate the shear behavior and performance of ballast under different configurations. The results show that while the RG effectively reduces the breakage of ballast particles, it negatively impacts the development of shear strength in aggregates, with or without geogrid reinforcement. As RG content increases, ballast aggregate exhibits lower peak shear strength, smaller maximum volumetric dilation, and greater volumetric contraction during shearing. For geogrid-reinforced ballast, incorporating 5% rubber granules (by volume) results in a reduction of aggregate shear strength by approximately 12%, while simultaneously mitigating ballast breakage by more than 30%. By balancing the enhancement of ballast durability with the maintenance of adequate shear strength, a 5% RG content by volume is recommended as a suitable proportion for practical applications. Based on experimental observations, a set of empirical equations has been proposed to estimate the shear strength and volumetric deformation of geogrid-reinforced ballast in the presence of RG. The findings from this study provide valuable insights for improving the

关键词： Shear strength

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Autonomous Intelligence: AI's Role in Transforming Vehicles, Drones, and Space Missions 1

Autonomous Intelligence: AI's Role in Transforming Vehicles,...

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1st International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies and Computational Intelligence, SETCOM 2025

作者： Patil, Shreya Sachin Patil, Dipti Durgesh Savitribai Phule Pune University MKSSS's Cummins College of Engineering for Women Dept. of Information Technology Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331520540

Artificial intelligence has transformed industries by enabling autonomous capabilities in self-driving cars, unmanned aerial vehicles, and spacecraft. This comprehensive analysis examines the AI architectures employed in these domains, their impacts, challenges faced during deployment, and future potential. AI has revolutionized decision making for self-driving cars, especially concerning steering assistance and safety features, addressing both technical and practical issues. For unmanned aerial vehicles, AI has boosted autonomy across uses, such as monitoring, mapping, and transportation, diminishing human intervention while improving work productivity. Although spacecraft autonomy remains in the early phases, AI is positioned to revolutionize deep-space missions by allowing autonomous fault tolerance, route planning, and determination, confronting problems such as communication delays on distant missions. The merging of AI with these technologies paves the way for a new era of autonomous systems in diverse fields. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Space flight

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EFFECTIVE GRAYSCALE LASER LITHOGRAPHY FOR LARGE AREA 2.5D STRUCTURES 23

EFFECTIVE GRAYSCALE LASER LITHOGRAPHY FOR LARGE AREA 2.5D ST...

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23rd Slovak-Czech-Polish Optical Conference on Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics

作者： Zdurienčík, M. Jandura, D. Pudiš, Dušan University of Žilina Univerzitna 8215/1 01026 Žilina SlovakiaDept. of Physics Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology

ISBN: (数字)9781510688094

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688087

In the field of optical diffraction elements, laser lithography has an important role in the preparation of 2- and 2.5 dimensional microstructures in polymer materials. Rapid prototyping in the process of manufacturing such fine structures is key to boosting research of photonic components and devices. Standard direct laser writing (DLW) lithography process allows to create only on very small scales, limited by the construction of used setup. Using extremely fine and precise manipulation, we are creating these structures on relatively large surfaces in tens of millimeters squared. The latest results show that we can create structures with complex topography by manipulating height gradient of structures with exposure dose modulation, also known as grayscale lithography. This device can speed up of the preparation and expand the area of structure in single-step process. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Photonic devices

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Integrated and Intelligent Elder-Friendly E-commerce Framework using NLP Techniques

Integrated and Intelligent Elder-Friendly E-commerce Framewo...

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2025 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science, SCEECS 2025

作者： Sivasanjith, G. Mohan Prabhu, N. Hemaswathi, S. Rajkumar, P. Rajeshkannan, C. Dhivya, R. Kare Dept. of Information Technology Krishnankovil India Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Indra Ganesan College of Engineering Tiruchirappalli India Mount Zion College of Engg. and Tech. Dept. of Computer Science and Engg. Pudukottai India Suguna College of Engineering Dept. of Computer Science and Engg. Coimbatore India M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering Dept. of Information Technology Karur India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529833

All over the world, the population of elderly people is increasing a lot. There needs to be special attention to the welfare of the elderly person to make them confident in their independent quality of living. In recent years, researchers have shown much interest in smart home automation for people who live alone without any human assistance. However, the purchase of medical drugs, diapers, etc., outside the house has to be fulfilled by their family members or caretakers. In most cases, it is not feasible, as the family members may stay long away from the elders. Purchasing online is easy;however, analyzing the best product requires knowledge in each e-commerce application for better quality at a low cost. This paper proposes an integrated and intelligent e-commerce framework to avoid the drawback of purchasing items online in a single window using the NLP technique. The proposed framework provides offers, discounts, star ratings, and product reviews by analyzing other customers' review data and purchase patterns. It provides interactive data analysis at a single window for the ease of elderly persons. The performance of the proposed framework was evaluated by 120 elderly persons using a simple questionnaire with a statistical analysis of a sample purchase. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Recommender systems

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