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Direct reading flame photometer using digital photography and image processing

Direct reading flame photometer using digital photography an...

International Conference on instrumentation, Communications, Information Technology, and Biomedical engineering (ICICI-BME)

作者： Anagha M. Panditrao Dept. of Instrumentation & Control Cummins College of Engineering for Women Karvenagar Pune: 411052 INDIA

The work presents a new technique for the detection of percentage of electrolytes in a flame using digital photography and image processing. Various samples containing different concentrations of alkali metals like sodium and potassium are prepared and aspired in a flame photometer. The flame images are captured using a consumer grade digital camera of known resolution. The images for various concentrations are captured. By developing image processing algorithm the change in the flame colour is identified. Correlation between the colour and the concentration is developed using various analytical techniques. The results indicate that the image-based measurements agree with the corresponding known values within an error range of about ±5%.

关键词： Image color analysis Fires Image segmentation Digital photography Correlation Biomedical measurements

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Frequency domain based friction compensation - Industrial application to transmission electron microscopes

Frequency domain based friction compensation - Industrial ap...

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作者： Rijlaarsdam, David Nuij, Pieter Schoukens, Johan Steinbuch, Maarten Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Control Systems Technology Group Eindhoven University of Technology PO Box 513 WH -1.133 5600 MB Eindhoven Netherlands Dept. of Fundamental Electricity and Instrumentation Vrije Universiteit Brussel K430 Pleinlaan 2 1050 Brussels Belgium

ISBN: (纸本)9781457700804

Friction is a performance limiting factor in many industrial motion systems. Correct compensation or control of friction and other nonlinearities is generally difficult. Apart from the complex nature of friction, compensation of even the most basic type of friction, Coulomb friction, is non *** available tuning methods rely on time domain data and are often unable to distinguish between nonlinear effects of friction and that of for example linear viscous damping. Furthermore, the sensitivity of time domain data to the influence of friction is too low for correct tuning in many of the high precision motion applications currently used in industry. In this paper a frequency domain method is introduced that allows fast and high accuracy tuning of controller parameters when the closed loop system is subject to nonlinear influences. This methodology is applied to optimally compensate friction in a high precision motion stage of a transmission electron microscope. Theoretical and experimental results are presented and related to time domain performance to illustrate the advantage of frequency domain tuning over time domain tuning. © 2011 AACC American Automatic control Council.

关键词： Tribology

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A safe joint with a joint torque sensor

A safe joint with a joint torque sensor

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2011 8th International Conference on Ubiquitous robots and Ambient Intelligence, URAI 2011

作者： Choi, Dong-Eun Yang, Gi-Hun Choi, Junho Lee, Woosub Cho, Changhyun Kang, Sungchul Center for Bionics Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 136-791 Korea Republic of Under Water Robot Center Korea Institute of Industrial Technology Cheonan 331-825 Korea Republic of Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8552 Japan Dept. of Control Instruments and Robot Chosun University Gwang-ju 501-759 Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781457707223

In this study, a safe joint with a joint torque sensor is presented. The safe joint, named "Spring-Clutch", is a simple passive mechanism that consists of a spring, a cam, and a joint torque sensor. When the torque applied is less than a pre-set threshold, the Spring-Clutch acts as a rigid joint between the input and output. However, if the applied torque exceeds the threshold, the Spring-Clutch is released and acts as a revolute joint, which results in reduction of the collision force to prevent damage of human and robot. After the applied torque is removed, the Spring-Clutch is immediately re-engaged. In addition, a compact joint torque sensor is installed in the Spring-Clutch to measure the torque at the joint. This paper describes the design principles and performance evaluation of Spring-Clutch, and discusses practical applications to a joint mechanism for safe manipulator. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Torque

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An analysis of sensitivity distribution using two differential excitation potentials in ECT

An analysis of sensitivity distribution using two differenti...

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2011 5th International Conference on Sensing Technology, ICST 2011

作者： Mohamad, Elmy Johana Faizan Marwah, Omar M. Rahim, Ruzairi Abdul Ling, Leow Pei Dept. of Mechatronic and Robotics Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia Pt. Raja Bt. Pahat Johor Malaysia Dept. of Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia Pt. Raja Bt. Pahat Johor Malaysia Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781457701672

The investigation of this work is to analysis the sensitivity distributions using two differential excitation potentials, in order to improve the situation of: (1) non-uniform sensitivity distribution: (2) less sensitivity in the central area and (3) non-linear change in ECT (Electrical Capacitance Tomography) system. Simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics is developed in order to obtain the changes in capacitance inter-electrodes and the permittivity of the dielectric material when two differential excitation potentials were injected. The MATLAB simulation is used to obtain the sensitivity distribution inside the closed pipe from the sensor. Generated phantoms and measured values are presented. Simulation is verified using available experimental data through the existing system, 16- segmented ECT sensor electrodes by PROTOM Research Group UTM, MALAYSIA. By using this technique the linear relationship between the capacitances measured to inter-electrodes and the permittivity dramatically improved and the sensitivity distribution for an opposing electrode pair was increased thus gives the sensitivity distribution in the central area increased. The use of this technique does increase the level of detection signals and the SNR(signal noise to ratio) compared to those achieved using standard single-voltage source method. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Multiphysics

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Smooth control action of sliding mode for a class of electro-hydraulic actuator

Smooth control action of sliding mode for a class of electro...

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International Conference on Mechatronics (ICOM)

作者： Zulfatman M. F. Rahmat A. R. Husain R. Ghazali S. Md. Rozali Dept. of Control and Instrumentation Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Johor Malaysia

This paper presents a sliding mode control scheme to control a class of electro-hydraulic actuator system. A reaching law and varying boundary layers approaches are proposed in the scheme. The reaching law is aimed to solve the effect of chattering and minimize the reaching time. While, varying boundary layers algorithm is applied to ensure position tracking accuracy and smooth control action. The system is presented with the inclusion of friction and internal leakage in the system model. The proposed controller abilities are investigated through simulations works in Matlab Simulink environment based on the existing system parameters. The results indicate that the proposed scheme successfully reduces the reaching time, eliminates the chattering effect, improves the tracking accuracy, and results a smooth control action. In general, this improvement offers a significant contribution for accuracy in modern equipments positioning applications.

关键词： Valves Mathematical model Servomotors Friction Equations Pistons Actuators

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The prediction of energy production and planning of the Southwest coast offshore wind farm

The prediction of energy production and planning of the Sout...

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8th International Conference on Power Electronics - ECCE Asia: "Green World with Power Electronics", ICPE 2011-ECCE Asia

作者： Jeong, A. Moon-Seon Moon, B. Chae-Joo Choi, C. Man Soo Jeong, D. Gwon-Seong Chang, E. Young-Hak Dept. of Electrical Engineering College of Mokpo National University 61 Dorim-ri Cheonggye-myeon Muan-gun Jeonnam Korea Republic of DMS CO. Wind Power Divition Suwon Korea Republic of Dept. of Control Robot Engineering College of Mokpo National University 61 Dorim-ri Cheonggye-myeon Muan-gun Jeonnam Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9781612849560

Korea has been developing coast has been developing wind energy on land for a long time, and the government is in preparations of an offshore wind farm for the first time. The conditions of the wind rose affect not only the structures of wind turbine, but are also important in predicting the future energy production rate. If an offshore wind farm is to be composed, it is the most important factor to predict the amount of energy produced each year on the predicted site of the wind farm. In order to predict this, a Met mast must be installed at the selected site for more than one year to analyze the measured wind rose resource. This study has analyzed the wind rose resource by using the data obtained through the Met mast of 60[m] height installed on an island of the Southwest coast, and the measured data has been applied on WindPRO and WAsP programs to predict the annual energy production based on the calculation of the energy production under the assumption that a 100[MW] level offshore wind farm is composed at the selected site. The result was 313,672.24[MWh/year] if 50 2[MW] level wind generators are applied, thus a usage rate of 35.81% is expected. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Offshore wind farms

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Rating the significance of infinite chains of poles in time delay systems

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2011年第1期44卷 314-319页

作者： Pavel Zítek Tomáš Vyhlídal Center for Applied Cybernetics and Dept. of Instrumentation and Control Eng. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague Technická 4 166 07 Praha 6 Czech Republic

Abstract The asymptotic chains as typical feature of spectrum of retarded time-delay system are investigated by means of distribution diagram and on the basis of decomposing the system response into a residue-based partial fraction expansion. A novel method of rating the significance of the infinite chains of poles is presented based on evaluating the residues of the principal terms of the system transfer function. A truncation error estimate after neglecting an influence of the high frequency infinite chain to the weighting function is proposed based on partial fraction expansion.

关键词： retarded time delay system quasipolynomial zeros partial fraction expansion truncation error estimate

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Continuous control Issues Concerning Operation Improvement of Small-Scale Biomass Boilers

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 2011年第1期44卷 7035-7042页

作者： Jonne Haapa-aho Timo Korpela Tomas Björkqvist Jan Hrdlička Viktor Plaček Stanislav Vrána Bohumil Šulc Tampere University of Technology Dept. Automation Science and Engineering P.O. BOX 692 33101 Tampere Finland Czech Technical University in Prague Dept. Fluid Dynamics and Power Engineering Technická 4 16607 Prague Czech Republic Czech Technical University in Prague Dept. Instrumentation & Control Engineering Technická 4 16607 Prague Czech Republic

Abstract To meet the increasing environmental and efficiency requirements, the possibilities to improve the performance of a 25 kW th wood pellet boiler by utilizing PLC and feedback control are investigated. The process is first stabilized by improving the grate sweeping sequence, which originally disturbs the process. Prior to continuous combustion control development, the process is analyzed and identified. After sequential control improvements the combustion behaves well but tends to drift. A PID controller was designed to enable drifting compensation. It is shown that improved grate sweeping sequence and continuous feedback control provide a major improvement for system performance cost effectively.

关键词： Renewable energy systems process automation PID control sensors biomass wood pellets

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Investigation in control of small-scale biomass boilers

Investigation in control of small-scale biomass boilers

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International Carpathian control Conference (ICCC)

作者： Viktor Placek Bohumil Šulc Stanislav Vrána Jan Hrdlička Ján Pitell Dept. of Instrumentation and Control Engineering CTU in Prague Prague Czech Republic Dept. of Fluid Dynamics and Power Engineering CTU in Prague Prague Czech Republic Deprt. of Informatics Mathematics and Cybernetics Technical University of Košice Prešov Slovak Republic

This paper discusses certain specific problems of small-scale biomass combustion control and their investigation. It describes development of an experimental stand based on market available boiler for wooden pellets that has been equipped with special control unit based on a PAC. In the paper is shown elimination of CO peaks appearing after periodical grate sweeping and main effort is focused on replacement of mostly used on/off heat output control by a PI controller. Application of the PI controller has lowered CO emissions during transition states and improved stability of the combustion process.

关键词： Boilers Temperature measurement Combustion Fuels Biomass

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Robust Tracking by Reduced-order Disturbance Observer: Linear Case

Robust Tracking by Reduced-order Disturbance Observer: Linea...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and control

作者： Juhoon Back Hyungbo Shim Nam H. Jo Jung-Su Kim School of Robotics Kwangwoon University Seoul Korea School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Seoul National University Seoul Korea School of Electrical Engineering Soongsil University Seoul Korea Dept. of Control and Instrumentation Engineering Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781612848006

The disturbance observer (DOB) is one of the widely-used control methods for robust tracking under plant uncertainties and external disturbances. Typically it is implemented by two (so-called) Q-filters as well as an inverse model for the nominal plant. Observing that these two Q-filters have identical dynamics, we propose a reduced-order implementation of the conventional DOB configuration. Moreover, we analyze this newly proposed configuration and claim that the robust stability condition, which has been found for the conventional configuration, still holds for the reduced-order case, and the robust transient performance can also be maintained as before with a saturation function introduced in the feedback loop.

关键词： disturbance observer Feedback loop Inverse method control Methods Steady state tracking Transient performance external disturbance

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