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arXiv 2020年

作者： Alizadehsani, Roohallah Roshanzamir, Mohamad Hussain, Sadiq Khosravi, Abbas Koohestani, Afsaneh Zangooei, Mohammad Hossein Abdar, Moloud Beykikhoshk, Adham Shoeibi, Afshin Zare, Assef Panahiazar, Maryam Nahavandi, Saeid Srinivasan, Dipti Atiya, Amir F. Acharya, U. Rajendra Deakin University Geelong Australia Department of Engineering Fasa Branch Islamic Azad University Post Box No 364 Fasa Fars*** Iran System Administrator Dibrugarh University Assam786004 India University of Texas Dallas United States Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute Deakin University Geelong Australia Computer Engineering Department Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Biomedical Data Acquisition Lab K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran Faculty of Electrical Engineering Gonabad Branch Islamic Azad University Gonabad Iran Institute for Computational Health Sciences University of California San Francisco United States Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117576 Singapore Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Cairo University Cairo12613 Egypt Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering Ngee Ann Polytechnic Singapore Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Science and Technology Singapore University of Social Sciences Singapore Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering Asia University Taiwan

Understanding data and reaching valid conclusions are of paramount importance in the present era of big data. Machine learning and probability theory methods have widespread application for this purpose in different fields. One critically important yet less explored aspect is how data and model uncertainties are captured and analyzed. Proper quantification of uncertainty provides valuable information for optimal decision making. This paper reviewed related studies conducted in the last 30 years (from 1991 to 2020) in handling uncertainties in medical data using probability theory and machine learning techniques. Medical data is more prone to uncertainty due to the presence of noise in the data. So, it is very important to have clean medical data without any noise to get accurate diagnosis. The sources of noise in the medical data need to be known to address this issue. Based on the medical data obtained by the physician, diagnosis of disease, and treatment plan are prescribed. Hence, the uncertainty is growing in healthcare and there is limited knowledge to address these problems. We have little knowledge about the optimal treatment methods as there are many sources of uncertainty in medical science. Our findings indicate that there are few challenges to be addressed in handling the uncertainty in medical raw data and new models. In this work, we have summarized various methods employed to overcome this problem. Nowadays, application of novel deep learning techniques to deal such uncertainties have significantly increased. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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CHAOS Challenge - Combined (CT-MR) healthy abdominal organ segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kavur, A. Emre Gezer, N. Sinem Barış, Mustafa Conze, Pierre-Henri Groza, Vladimir Pham, Duc Duy Chatterjee, Soumick Ernst, Philipp Özkan, Savaş Baydar, Bora Lachinov, Dmitry Han, Shuo Pauli, Josef Isensee, Fabian Perkonigg, Matthias Sathish, Rachana Rajan, Ronnie Aslan, Sinem Sheet, Debdoot Dovletov, Gurbandurdy Speck, Oliver Nürnberger, Andreas Maier-Hein, Klaus H. Akar, Gözde Bozdagı Ünal, Gözde Dicle, Oguz Selver, M. Alper Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey Department of Radiology Faculty Of Medicine Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey Dept. of Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical Uni. of Vienna Austria Intelligent Systems Faculty of Engineering University of Duisburg-Essen Germany Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany CIR Lab Dept of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy Medical Uni. of Vienna Austria IMT Atlantique LaTIM UMR 1101 Brest France Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India School of Medical Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Ca’ Foscari University of Venice ECLT DAIS Venice Italy Ege University International Computer Institute Izmir Turkey Johns Hopkins University Baltimore United States Data and Knowledge Engineering Group Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Magnetic Resonance Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Median Technologies Valbonne France Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey

—Segmentation of abdominal organs has been a comprehensive, yet unresolved, research field for many years. In the last decade, intensive developments in deep learning (DL) have introduced new state-of-the-art segmentation systems. Despite outperforming the overall accuracy of existing systems, the effects of DL model properties and parameters on the performance is hard to interpret. This makes comparative analysis a necessary tool to achieve explainable studies and systems. Moreover, the performance of DL for emerging learning approaches such as cross-modality and multi-modal tasks have been rarely discussed. In order to expand the knowledge in these topics, CHAOS – Combined (CT-MR) Healthy Abdominal Organ Segmentation challenge has been organized in the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), 2019, in Venice, Italy. Despite a large number of the previous abdomen related challenges, the majority of which are focused on tumor/lesion detection and/or classification with a single modality, CHAOS providesboth abdominal CT and MR data from healthy subjects. Five different and complementary tasks have been designed to analyze the capabilities of the current approaches from multiple perspectives. The results are investigated thoroughly, compared with manual annotations and interactive methods. The outcomes are reported in detail to reflect the latest advancements in the field. CHAOS challenge and data will be available online to provide a continuous benchmark resource for segmentation. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Medical imaging

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Assessing generalisability of deep learning-based polyp detection and segmentation methods through a computer vision challenge

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ali, Sharib Ghatwary, Noha Jha, Debesh Isik-Polat, Ece Polat, Gorkem Yang, Chen Li, Wuyang Galdran, Adrian Ballester, Miguel-Ángel González Thambawita, Vajira Hicks, Steven Poudel, Sahadev Lee, Sang-Woong Jin, Ziyi Gan, Tianyuan Yu, ChengHui Yan, JiangPeng Yeo, Doyeob Lee, Hyunseok Tomar, Nikhil Kumar Haithmi, Mahmood Ahmed, Amr Riegler, Michael A. Daul, Christian Halvorsen, Pål Rittscher, Jens Salem, Osama E. Lamarque, Dominique Cannizzaro, Renato Realdon, Stefano de Lange, Thomas East, James E. Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford OxfordOX3 7DQ United Kingdom Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre OxfordOX4 2PG United Kingdom Big Data Institute University of Oxford Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery OxfordOX3 7LF United Kingdom Translational Gastroenterology Unit Nuffield Department of Medicine Experimental Medicine Div. John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford OxfordOX3 9DU United Kingdom Computer Engineering Department Arab Academy for Science and Technology Alexandria1029 Egypt SimulaMet Oslo0167 Norway Department of Computer Science UiT The Arctic University of Norway Hansine Hansens veg 18 Tromsø9019 Norway Medical Department Sahlgrenska University Hospital-Mölndal Blå stråket 5 Göteborg413 45 Sweden Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS Via Gattamelata 64 Padua35128 Italy CRO Centro Riferimento Oncologico IRCCS Aviano Italy Via Franco Gallini 2 PN Aviano33081 Italy Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines Hôpital Ambroise Paré 9 Av. Charles de Gaulle Boulogne-Billancourt92100 France Faculty of Medicine University of Alexandria Alexandria21131 Egypt Graduate School of Informatics Middle East Technical University Ankara06800 Turkey City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong BCN MedTech Dept. of Information and Communication Technologies Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona08018 Spain Department of IT Convergence Engineering Gachon University Seongnam13120 Korea Republic of College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Smart Sensing & Diagnosis Research Division Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute 34057 Korea Republic of Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation Medical Device Deve

Polyps are well-known cancer precursors identified by colonoscopy. However, variability in their size, location, and surface largely affect identification, localisation, and characterisation. Moreover, colonoscopic surveillance and removal of polyps (referred to as polypectomy) are highly operator-dependent procedures. There exist a high missed detection rate and incomplete removal of colonic polyps due to their variable nature, the difficulties to delineate the abnormality, the high recurrence rates, and the anatomical topography of the colon. There have been several developments in realising automated methods for both detection and segmentation of these polyps using machine learning. However, the major drawback in most of these methods is their ability to generalise to out-of-sample unseen datasets that come from different centres, modalities and acquisition systems. To test this hypothesis rigorously we curated a multi-centre and multi-population dataset acquired from multiple colonoscopy systems and challenged teams comprising machine learning experts to develop robust automated detection and segmentation methods as part of our crowd-sourcing Endoscopic computer vision challenge (EndoCV) 2021. In this paper, we analyse the detection results of the four top (among seven) teams and the segmentation results of the five top teams (among 16). Our analyses demonstrate that the top-ranking teams concentrated on accuracy (i.e., accuracy > 80% on overall Dice score on different validation sets) over real-time performance required for clinical applicability. We further dissect the methods and provide an experiment-based hypothesis that reveals the need for improved generalisability to tackle diversity present in multi-centre datasets. © 2022, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Endoscopy

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P10.25.A ATR INHIBITION IN EXPERIMENTAL GLIOMA: DISCOVERY AND VALIDATION OF MOLECULAR TARGETS FOR FUNCTIONALLY-INSTRUCTED COMBINATION THERAPIES

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Neuro-Oncology 2023年第SUPPLEMENT_2期25卷 ii68–ii68页

作者： Walter, B Hirsch, S Kuhlburger, L Stahl, A Schnabel, L Haeusser, L A Tsiami, F Ploeger, S Aghaallaei, N Dick, A M Skokowa, J Schmees, C Templin, M Schenke-Layland, K Tatagiba, M Nahnsen, S Merk, D Tabatabai, G Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research Tübingen Germany Quantitative Biology Center Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen Germany Biomedical Data Science Department of Computer Science Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen Germany NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen Reutlingen Germany German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) Partner site Tübingen Tübingen Germany Division of Translational Oncology Department of Internal Medicine II University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany Institute of Biomedical Engineering Dept. for Medical Technologies and regenerative Medicine Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen Germany Center for Neuro-Oncology Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen Germany

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A Model for Recommending Actions during the Collaborative Design of Visual Analytics Flows

A Model for Recommending Actions during the Collaborative De...

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International Conference on Information Systems and Computer science (INCISCOS)

作者： Armando Arce-Orozco Antonio González-Torres Erick Mata-Montero Ayse Bener Hans Jara-Watson School of Computing Costa Rica Institute of Technology Cartago Costa Rica School of Computing National University Heredia Costa Rica Costa Rica Institute of Technology Cartago Costa Rica Data Science Lab Ryerson University Toronto Canada Dept. of Computer Engineering Costa Rica Institute of Technology Cartago Costa Rica

ISBN: (数字)9781728155814

ISBN: (纸本)9781728155821

Visual Analytics (VA) is a process to facilitate the uncovering of knowledge from large and complex datasets to enable users to make informed decisions. However, the design of VA tools is frequently performed by multidisciplinary teams that can be physically in the same place or distributed across different locations. Therefore, there is an intrinsic collaboration need between team members and also of proposing methods to support these teams to work collaboratively during the design and implementation of VA systems. Although some proposals have made on the use of visual data flows and recommender systems, its combination with a Multi-Device Environment can benefit the discussion and exchange of knowledge during design and programming. Therefore, this article presents the design of an architecture that combines a Multi-Device Environment (MDE) with visual data flows and recommender systems for the design of VA tools in a collaborative way. The intention is to support designers and programmers during the design of visual data flows through the sharing and analysis of ideas in a collaborative environment supported by a recommender system that aids decision making during the design of flows.

关键词： data visualization Visualization Collaboration Tools Recommender systems Proposals Task analysis

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A blockchain-based self-tallying voting scheme in decentralized IoT

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Li, Yannan Susilo, Willy Yang, Guomin Yu, Yong Liu, Dongxi Guizani, Mohsen Institute of Cybersecurity and Cryptology School of Computing and Information Technology University of Wollongong WollongongNSW2522 Australia School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal University Xi’an710062 China Data61 CSIRO MarsfieldNSW2122 Australia Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Idaho MoscowID United States

The Internet of Things (IoT) is experiencing explosive growth and has gained extensive attention from academia and industry in recent years. Most of the existing IoT infrastructures are centralized, in which the presence of a cloud server is mandatory. However, centralized frameworks suffer from the issues of unscalability and single-point-of-failure. Consequently, decentralized IoT has been proposed by taking advantage of the emerging technology of Blockchain. Voting systems are widely adopted in IoT, such as a leader election in wireless sensor networks. Self-tallying voting systems are alternatives to traditional centralized voting systems in decentralized IoT since the traditional ones are not suitable for such scenarios. Unfortunately, self-tallying voting systems inherently suffer from fairness issues, such as adaptive and abortive issues caused by malicious voters. In this paper, we introduce a framework of self-tallying systems in decentralized IoT based on Blockchain. We propose a concrete construction and prove the proposed system satisfies all the security requirements including fairness, dispute-freeness and maximal ballot secrecy. The implementations on mobile phones demonstrate the practicability of our system. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Internet of things

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Toward finding latent cities with non-negative matrix factorization

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Graells-Garrido, Eduardo Caro, Diego Parra, Denis Data Science Institute Universidad Del Desarrollo Telefonica RandD Santiago Chile Dept. of Computer Science Faculty of Engineering Pontificia Universidad Catolica Santiago Chile

In the last decade, digital footprints have been used to cluster population activity into functional areas of cities. However, a key aspect has been overlooked: we experience our cities not only by performing activities at specific destinations, but also by moving from one place to another. In this paper, we propose to analyze and cluster the city based on how people move through it. Particularly, we introduce Mobilicities, automatically generated travel patterns inferred from mobile phone network data using NMF, a matrix factorization model. We evaluate our method in a large city and we find that mobilicities reveal latent but at the same time interpretable mobility structures of the city. Our results provide evidence on how clustering and visualization of aggregated phone logs could be used in planning systems to interactively analyze city structure and population activity. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Non-negative matrix factorization

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The Effect of Relative Humidity on Eddy Covariance Latent Heat Flux Measurements and its Implication for Partitioning into Transpiration and Evaporation

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhang, Weijie Jung, Martin Migliavacca, Mirco Poyatos, Rafael Miralles, Diego El-Madany, Tarek S. Galvagno, Marta Carrara, Arnaud Arriga, Nicola Ibrom, Andreas Mammarella, Ivan Papale, Dario Cleverly, Jamie Liddell, Michael J. Wohlfahrt, Georg Markwitz, Christian Mauder, Matthias Paul-Limoges, Eugenie Schmidt, Marius Wolf, Sebastian Brümmer, Christian Arain, M. Altaf Fares, Silvano Kato, Tomomichi Ardö, Jonas Oechel, Walter Hanson, Chad Korkiakoski, Mika Biraud, Sébastien Steinbrecher, Rainer Billesbach, Dave Montagnani, Leonardo Woodgate, William Shao, Changliang Carvalhais, Nuno Reichstein, Markus Nelson, Jacob A. Department of Biogeochemical Integration Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena Germany Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Ghent University Ghent Belgium Italy CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain Climate Change Unit Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley Aosta Italy Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo Valencia Paterna46980 Spain Technical University of Denmark Dept. of Environment and Resource Management Kgs. Lyngby Denmark Faculty of Science University of Helsinki P.O. Box 68 Helsinki00014 Finland University of Tuscia - DIBAF Viterbo01100 Italy IAFES Viterbo01100 Italy College of Science and Engineering James Cook University CairnsQLD4878 Australia Department of Ecology University of Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria Bioclimatology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany Technische Universität Dresden Faculty of Environmental Sciences Dresden Germany Department of Geography University of Zurich Zurich8057 Switzerland Agrosphere Institute IBG-3 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Jülich52425 Germany Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zurich Zurich8092 Switzerland Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture Braunschweig Germany School of Earth Environment and Society McMaster University HamiltonON Canada National Research Council of Italy Institute of Bioeconomy Rome Italy Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Sweden Global Change Research Group San Diego State University San DiegoCA United States Department of Geography University of Exeter Exeter United Kingdom Department of Forests Ecosystems and Society College of Forestry Oregon State University CorvallisOR United States Climate Sciences Department Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA United States Garmisch-Partenkirchen Germany University of Nebraska

While the eddy covariance (EC) technique is a well-established method for measuring water fluxes (i.e., evaporation or 'evapotranspiration’, ET), the method is susceptible to many uncertainties. One such issue is the potential underestimation of ET when relative humidity (RH) is high (>70%), due to low-pass filtering with some EC systems. The influence of these errors for different types of EC systems (e.g. open- or closed-path sensors) has not been characterized for synthesis datasets such as the widely used FLUXNET2015 dataset. Here, we assess the RH-associated underestimation of ET from different EC systems for 163 sites in the FLUXNET2015 dataset. We found that high RH errors were most apparent during hours when RH was approximately 70% or higher. This underestimation was predominantly observed at sites using closed-path EC systems, with ET underestimations estimated at 58% when RH was higher than 90%. To assess the potential impact of high RH on ET and EC-based transpiration (T) estimates, ET was corrected using a machine learning based empirical approach and then partitioned into T and E using two different data-driven methods. Results showed opposite (increasing vs decreasing T-to-ET ratios, T/ET) responses owing to the contrasting ways the two methods model WUE. Analysis of T estimates based on three different ET correction approaches showed no clear improvement in correlation with independent sap flow based T. Overall, our results demonstrate the existence of high RH-related bias in water fluxes in the FLUXNET2015 dataset and suggest that the underestimation of ET is a significant source of uncertainty that must be reckoned with when estimating ecosystem T/ET and WUE. This work further demonstrates the need for high-quality, independent ecosystem water flux measurements to understand the uncertainties in EC-based ET and T estimates. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Evapotranspiration

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Robust Sparse Approximations for Stochastic Dynamical Systems

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2017年第1期50卷 14010-14015页

作者： Quinn, Christopher J. Pinar, Ali Gao, Jing Su, Lu School of Industrial Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN United States Data Sciences & Cyber Anal. Dept. Sandia National Laboratories LivermoreCA United States Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering University at Buffalo BuffaloNY United States

Inferring the exact topology of the interactions in a large, stochastic dynamical system from time-series data can often be prohibitive computationally and statistically without strong side information. One alternative is to seek approximations of the system topology that nonetheless describe the data well. In recent works, algorithms were proposed to identify sparse approximations which are optimal in terms of Kullback-Leibler divergence. Those algorithms relied on point estimates of statistics from the data. In this work, we investigate the more practical setting where point estimates are not reliable. We propose an algorithm to identify sparse, connected approximations that are robust to estimation error. © 2017

关键词： Approximation algorithms Dynamical systems Identification (control systems) Nonlinear systems Stochastic systems Time series Topology Errors in variables Model reduction Nonparametric methods Robust estimation Time series modeling

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Behavior Recognition of a Person in a Daily Video Using Joint Position Information

Behavior Recognition of a Person in a Daily Video Using Join...

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Artificial Intelligence and knowledge engineering (AIKE)

作者： Jeong-Min Seo Haanju Yoo Kimin Yun Hyunil Kim Sang-Il Choi Dept. Data Science (of Dankook University) Yongin-si South Korea Dept. Computer Science and Engineering (of Dankook University) Yongin-si South Korea Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) Daejeon South Korea Dept. Software Science (of Dankook University) Yongin-si South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781538695562;9781538660843

In this paper, we propose a method to recognize people's specific behaviors in images acquired in everyday life. The poses that occur when taking a specific action are represented using the joint coordinates of the body. To reduce the influence of the perspective effect on the locations in an image, the coordinates of joints for each person were normalized and the pose was classified using SVM with the normalized coordinates. Experimental results on video images of CCTV camera on ordinary alleys showed that the proposed method relatively recognized a specific behavior.

关键词： Image recognition Support vector machines Cameras Neck Benchmark testing data mining Legged locomotion

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