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GNN-based Disease Detection and Classification in Cassava Leaf 5

GNN-based Disease Detection and Classification in Cassava Le...

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5th International Conference on IoT Based Control Networks and Intelligent Systems, ICICNIS 2024

作者： Meenalochini, M. Amalroshini, A. Nandhini, K L Megha Murugan, C R Sogil Kongu Engineering College Dept. of Computer Science and Design Erode India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518097

Cassava, a staple crop for millions of people worldwide, is highly susceptible to various leaf diseases, which can significantly reduce crop yields. Detecting and classifying these diseases at an early stage is crucial for effective disease management and crop protection. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for cassava leaf disease classification by combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). While CNNs excel at extracting local features from images, they often fail to capture complex spatial relationships between different regions of the leaf. To address this limitation, we integrate GNNs, which are well-suited for learning from irregular, structured data, such as the vein patterns and disease spread structures found in cassava leaves. By modeling the relationship between different regions of the cassava leaf as a graph G (V, E), where V represents nodes corresponding to superpixel regions of the leaf, and E represents edges capturing spatial relationships, the hybrid CNN-GNN model offers a more comprehensive and accurate classification system. The model is trained and evaluated on a dataset of cassava leaf images covering multiple disease categories, demonstrating superior performance over traditional CNN-based image classification techniques. This approach provides a scalable solution for improving the detection and management of cassava leaf diseases. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Prediction Algorithms for Detecting IoT Botnet Activities

A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Prediction Algori...

引用

2024 International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Cybersecurity, ISCS 2024

作者： Happy Chhikara, Rita Kashyap, Neeti The NorthCap University Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Haryana Gurugram India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375237

As the prevalence of Internet of Things (IoT) products keeps increase, the need for robust security measures becomes increasingly vital. Our paper addresses this concern by conducting a detailed comparative analysis of various machine learning methods, assessing their effectiveness in detecting and predicting malicious activities associated with IoT botnets. This paper meticulously examines initial identification methods for IoT botnet operations using advanced machine learning (ML) prediction techniques. To achieve this, we utilize the CICIoT2023 Dataset, a real-world IoT dataset obtained from networks that captures diverse device interactions and communication patterns. This dataset acts as the framework for constructing and evaluating numerous machine learning techniques, including support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbours (k-NN), Naive Bayes, random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and decision trees (DT) approaches. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, F1-score, ROC curve, confusion matrix, and recall are employed to gain insights into the algorithms' capabilities in botnet detection. Furthermore, this paper delves into an examination of the trade-offs between computational complexity and detection accuracy. This analysis aids in selecting the most suitable ML techniques tailored to specific IoT security scenarios. This comparative analysis lays the groundwork for the advancement of IoT botnet discovery strategies, providing essential insights to researchers, practitioners, and industry experts working to strengthen IoT ecosystems against growing cyber threats. We anticipate that our findings will spark more conversations and developments in the sector, promoting the establishment of more robust and adaptable security measures across the IoT landscape. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Internet of things

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Physical Layer Authentication via Underwater Acoustic Multipath Channel Crafting

Physical Layer Authentication via Underwater Acoustic Multip...

引用

OCEANS 2024 - Halifax, OCEANS 2024

作者： Eccher, Davide Casari, Paolo University of Trento Dept. of Information Engineering and Computer Science Trento Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540081

With the increasing number of actors in the under-water environment and the development of new applications, such as large-scale monitoring and autonomous underwater vehicle control, securing underwater communications is becoming a primary necessity. Security was not prioritized in the past due to the constraints of underwater acoustic communications, which cannot sustain the overhead of typical cryptographic techniques. In this paper, we propose a method to authenticate a network device by exploiting the physical properties of the acoustic channel. In particular, our method hinges on the uniqueness and quasi-reciprocity of the channel, from which the authenticator (Alice) node can extract several parameters such as the number of multi path channel components, their delay and amplitude. These values are similar on both ends of a link between Alice and a legitimate transmitter (Bob), and can be used as a seed to craft a new artificial channel, that is then applied to transmissions from Bob to Alice. With this procedure, Alice can distinguish Bob from an impersonating attacker (Eve), given a previous message exchange history. Eve can try to bypass the protocol by estimating the channel parameters and by trying to replicate Bob's signal by crafting a similar channel. In our tests, we observe that the estimation error for Eve, caused by her wrong channel estimates, becomes significant even for short distances betwen Eve and Bob. This error results in a discrepancy between the signal generated by Eve and the one expected by Alice, and reveals Eve as an attacker. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Underwater acoustics

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Supervised Learning Approaches for Vibration Analysis and Anomaly Detection in Rotating Machines 3

Supervised Learning Approaches for Vibration Analysis and An...

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3rd International Conference on Emerging Trends in electrical, Control, and Telecommunication engineering, ETECTE 2024

作者： Ali, Syed Zulfiqar Ali, Syed Hasnat Javeed, Anees Ullah, Ihsan Memon, Sufyan Ali Manzoor, Sajjad Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering CUI Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad Pakistan Dept. of Defence Systems Engineering Sejong University Seoul Korea Republic of Dept. of Electrical Engineering MUST AJK Mirpur Pakistan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504861

Safety and reliability are crucial for modern systems and technologies. This paper presents an approach for real-time anomaly detection in rotating machines using vibration analysis and machine learning algorithms for predictive maintenance. Rotating machines such as motors, engines, gearboxes and turbines are widely used systems and faults in these systems can result in complete shutdowns. Preventing unexpected downtime while ensuring equipment reliability and safety is essential. In this context, anomaly detection plays a vital role in monitoring the healthy operation of rotating machines. A test-bed was designed to generate datasets for both balanced (healthy) and unbalanced (faulty) motor conditions. The experimental setup consists of a three-phase induction motor, a signal acquisition system (Raspberry Pi), a vibration sensor (MPU6050) and a coupling system capable of adjusting motor balance. Supervised machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) were applied to classify and detect anomalies in the collected datasets. A grid search algorithm was employed for hyperparameter tuning of the SVM and RF models. The proposed technique achieved a maximum accuracy of approximately 98% using SVM and 100% using the RF algorithm leveraging nine optimally selected temporal features. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Rotating machinery

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Joint Estimation of DOA and Distance in Noisy Reverberant Conditions 48

Joint Estimation of DOA and Distance in Noisy Reverberant Co...

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48th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2023

作者： Bu, Suliang Zhao, Tuo Zhao, Yunxin University of Missouri-Columbia Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781728163277

Sound Source localization (SSL) using microphone arrays is an active research topic with many applications, but noise and reverberation make the direction-of-arrival (DOA) and distance estimation a challenging problem. In this work, we propose a novel method to jointly estimate the DOA and distance in noisy and reverberant environments. Our method exploits the linear phase structure across frequencies in a steering vector (SV). We convert the joint estimation issue into an optimization problem, which can be solved by Newton's method augmented by a gradient ascent method. Our method does not depend on certain microphone array geometry, and it can also be extended to estimate the elevation angle. We conducted experimental evaluations in simulated noisy and reverberant acoustic conditions, which verified the superiority of our proposed method to several established methods in estimation accuracy and computation efficiency. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： distance estimation DOA estimation microphone array Sound source localization

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Augmenting Sentiments into Chat-GPT Using FacialEmotion Recognition 10

Augmenting Sentiments into Chat-GPT Using FacialEmotion Reco...

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10th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems, ICACCS 2024

作者： Iyer, Aditya A. Vojjala, Saipranav Andrew, J. Manipal Institute of Technology Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384369

This research initiative addresses the task of enhancing Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer's (ChatGPT's) conversational capabilities by integrating the comprehension and response to user emotions conveyed through facial expressions. The central challenge lies in refining the AI system's proficiency to tailor responses according to users' detected emotional states. In this pursuit, our study adopts a comprehensive approach, aiming to seamlessly incorporate emotional intelligence into AI-driven interactions. To achieve this objective, the methodology involves integrating real-time sentiment analysis based on facial expressions into the ChatGPT framework. This is carried out through the utilization of a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) architecture, designed to recognize and interpret various emotions exhibited in facial expressions. The primary goal is to enable ChatGPT to dynamically adjust its responses, fostering a more empathetic and contextually relevant interaction with users. In terms of evaluation metrics for facial expression recog- nition, our assessment employs a confusion matrix to quantify the model's performance across different emotional categories. Additionally, a heuristic approach is implemented, wherein the sum total probability of each detected emotion is calculated over the duration the user enters the prompt. These evaluation methodologies aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the model's accuracy and effectiveness in discerning and responding to user emotions. Overall, this research contributes to the ongoing endeavor of imbuing AI systems with emotional intelligence, paving the way for more nuanced and human-like interactions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Chatbots

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Impact of Human-in-the-Loop Paradigm in AI Labeling and Annotation 8

Impact of Human-in-the-Loop Paradigm in AI Labeling and Anno...

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8th IEEE International Conference on Computational System and Information Technology for Sustainable Solutions, CSITSS 2024

作者： Davda, Meeth Jitendra Sindhu, D.V. R V College of Engineering Dept. of Computer Science Bangalore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505462

Incorporating human expertise directly into artifi-cial intelligence workflows, a concept known as the Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) paradigm, has proven to be a crucial approach in improving the processes of AI data labeling and annotation. This survey paper delves into the impact of the HITL paradigm on the quality and efficiency of data annotation in AI systems, emphasizing the synergistic benefits of combining human insights with automated techniques. This paper reviews a variety of recent methodologies that integrate human evaluative input with automated systems, showcasing the enhancement of data accu-racy and system reliability across several applications, including healthcare, autonomous vehicles, and language processing. It classifies various HITL techniques, evaluates the applicability of each and offers potential solutions. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Active learning

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Narrative Simplification in Human and AI Retelling

Narrative Simplification in Human and AI Retelling

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, BigData 2024

作者： Tanaka, Yuuri Hashimoto, Yasuhiro The University of Aizu Dept. Computer Science & Engineering Aizu-Wakamatsu Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362480

Human beings have long been regarded as "homo narrans,"employing storytelling to comprehend and communicate reality. This study investigates whether contemporary large language models (LLMs) can approximate the dept. and richness of human narrative abilities. Through an experiment comparing retellings by humans and various state-of-the-art LLMs on a dataset of man-made short stories, we examine how word count, vocabulary complexity, and readability evolve during the retelling process. We introduce the Flesch Reading Ease score as a quantitative measure of narrative simplicity. Our findings reveal an inverse correlation between narrative condensation and increased vocabulary density in both human and LLM retellings. While both humans and LLMs tend to condense stories, their approaches differ: humans generally maintain or improve readability, whereas LLMs, without specific instructions on persona-based retellings, often reduce readability. However, with appropriate prompts, LLMs can adjust their storytelling to more closely mimic human tendencies. We also identify a unique "adaptive retelling"ability in humans, who adjust readability based on the original story's readability. These insights advance our understanding of the "AI narrans"concept, highlighting both the current limitations and the potential of LLMs in achieving human-like storytelling capabilities. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： AI narrans Flesch reading ease score large language models narrative Retelling

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Gait Recognition: A Cross - Dataset Evaluation of Deep Learning Models

Gait Recognition: A Cross - Dataset Evaluation of Deep Learn...

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2024 IEEE International Students' Conference on electrical, Electronics and computer science, SCEECS 2024

作者： Singloo, Hemal Kumar, Manoj Namdev, Simran Sonbawne, Kinsukh Suni Indoria, Nishant Vit Bhopal University Dept. Computer Science and Engineering Sehore India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350348460

This research paper investigates the effectiveness of deep learning models for gait recognition using a variety of data, including gait phase data and sensor data. This study evaluates the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long-term memory networks (LSTM), focusing on comparative analysis across multiple datasets to gain insight and contribute to different data analyses. The gait level dataset contains important movement patterns as a main area of research. Additionally, sensor-based data identifies various information needs, and complete analysis, for greater understanding and use. These comprehensive experimental results provide several observations on the variability and performance of CNNs and LSTMs across various datasets. The applicability of these models in recognizing activities in different products is presented, and their advantages and limitations in model recognition, display, and feature extraction are seen. This study distinguishes between different types of deep learning models and demonstrates their suitability for handling different types of data. These results lead to decisions regarding model selection and application, contributing to advances in analytics, biometrics, and human recognition applications. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： CNN Deep Learning Algorithms Gait data LSTM Machine Learning

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Building Network Digital Twins Part I: State Synchronization 3

Building Network Digital Twins Part I: State Synchronization

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3rd International Conference on 6G Networking, 6GNet 2024

作者： Sengendo, John Granelli, Fabrizio University of Trento Dept. of Information Engineering and Computer Science Trento Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9798350378597

The Network Digital Twin is emerging as a promising technology for future networks, including 6G, as it allows to gain deep knowledge of its Physical Twin and to perform 'what-if' analyses in a controlled environment. However, while the concept of Digital Twin reached maturity in other fields (such as manufacturing), still the application of this concept to networks presents some relevant challenges. This paper studies the problem of synchronization between the Digital and the Physical Twin, a key functionality to enable the Digital Twin to accurately replicate the behaviour of the Physical Twin. Indeed, accurate synchronization is challenging due to the amount of data to exchange and the delays due to acquisition, modeling and transmission of the related information. The paper analyzes the delay chain in the synchronization process and introduces the concept of 'negative delay' through accurate prediction in order to minimize the synchronization delay and enable real-time or 'near' real-time synchronization between the Physical and the Digital Twin. © 2024 IEEE.

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