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34th Annual International Conference on Collaborative Advances in Software and Computing, CASCON 2024

作者： Liu, Ryan Shinde, Shreya Tahvildari, Ladan Stoodley, Mark Sundaresan, Vijay Pirvu, Marius University of Waterloo Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Canada IBM Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798331504830

Java-based applications rely on just-in-time (JIT) compilation to convert bytecode into machine code at run-time to improve throughput. However, JIT compilation is achieved at the cost of additional CPU cycles and memory. In the context of modern cloud, where applications have limited computing resources due to containerization, JIT compilation may potentially become a pain-point. The Semeru Cloud Compiler (SCC) is a promising solution that offloads JIT compilation to a remote cloud compiler to reduce the local overhead of JIT compilation in containers. In this paper, we outline novel research directions to further leverage the advantages of remote cloud compilation by extending the SCC to achieve two goals: (i) reduce application start-up time and (ii) improve JIT compilation decision making. To reduce application start-up time, the proposed enhancement is to extract unused or unlikely to be used Java class files from container images. The SCC can still provide the extracted class files to the client JVM if any turn out to be needed. Our preliminary experiments show that this approach can potentially reduce container image sizes by up to 22.1% and start-up times by up to 9.2% for certain applications. To reduce JIT compilation overhead, the proposed enhancement is to perform dynamic analysis of the Java application using the additional resources on the server-side. In turn, the remote JIT compilation can make more informed decisions regarding which methods to compile and optimizations to apply. We are also developing a novel visualization tool designed to help JIT compiler developers identify pain points in current JIT compilation heuristics. Specifically, we have measured that up to 18.9% of JIT compilations for certain applications may be sub-optimal due to later method inlining, and we are investigating how the SCC could help to avoid these potentially wasted compile-time computations by using information learned from other JVM clients. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Program compilers

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Preserving Pre-trained Representation Space: On Effectiveness of Prefix-tuning for Large Multi-modal Models

Preserving Pre-trained Representation Space: On Effectivenes...

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2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, EMNLP 2024

作者： Kim, Donghoon Lee, Gusang Shim, Kyuhong Shim, Byonghyo Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798891761681

Recently, we have observed that Large Multi-modal Models (LMMs) are revolutionizing the way machines interact with the world, unlocking new possibilities across various multi-modal applications. To adapt LMMs for downstream tasks, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) which only trains additional prefix tokens or modules, has gained popularity. Nevertheless, there has been little analysis of how PEFT works in LMMs. In this paper, we delve into the strengths and weaknesses of each tuning strategy, shifting the focus from the efficiency typically associated with these approaches. We first discover that model parameter tuning methods such as LoRA and Adapters distort the feature representation space learned during pre-training and limit the full utilization of pre-trained knowledge. We also demonstrate that prefix-tuning excels at preserving the representation space, despite its lower performance on downstream tasks. These findings suggest a simple two-step PEFT strategy called Prefix-Tuned PEFT (PT-PEFT), which successively performs prefix-tuning and then PEFT (i.e., Adapter, LoRA), combines the benefits of both. Experimental results show that PT-PEFT not only improves performance in image captioning and visual question answering compared to vanilla PEFT methods but also helps preserve the representation space of the four pre-trained models. © 2024 Association for Computational Linguistics.

关键词： Computational linguistics

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Use of a Hybrid Storage System for Frequency Regulation Services from a Photovoltaic Plant: Emulating Synchronous Generator Dynamics 3

Use of a Hybrid Storage System for Frequency Regulation Serv...

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3rd International Conference on Energy Transition in the Mediterranean Area, SyNERGY MED 2024

作者： Papageorgiou, Pavlos G. Oureilidis, Konstantinos O. Christoforidis, Georgios C. University of Western Macedonia Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Kozani Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798350375923

The gradual decommissioning of grid-forming synchronous generators and the increasing penetration of grid-following renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics (PVs), undermine the reliable operation of the grid. In this sense, even small power imbalances can cause significant frequency deviations. To address such issues, the employment of standalone battery storage systems is usually proposed to alleviate the power imbalances by releasing/absorbing energy when needed. However, a standalone battery suffers from quick lifetime fading and it cannot effectively provide multiple grid services simultaneously. To this end, this study presents a controller for a hybrid storage system that consists of a power-type superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and an energy-type battery. The hybrid storage system is AC-coupled and provides frequency regulation services on behalf of the PV plant without any modification on its inverter. Through proper control, SMES handles the short-term power fluctuations emulating the inertial properties of a synchronous generator, while battery cope with long-term demands imitating the primary frequency response of the generator. Thus, the distinct features of both SMES and battery are effectively exploited, ensuring minimal stress on battery. To evaluate the proposed method during grid frequency events, simulation results are presented. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Synchronous generators

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SMART HOME ENVIRONMENT MODELLED WITH A MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM

UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series C: Electrical Engineering an...

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UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series C: electrical engineering and computer science 2023年第1期85卷 365-376页

作者： Rasras, Mohammad Marin, Iuliana Radu, Șerban Dept. of Engineering in Foreign Languages University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Romania Dept. of Computer Science University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest Romania

A smart home can be considered a place of residence that enables the management of appliances and systems to help with day-to-day life by automated technology. In the current paper is described a prototype that simulates a context-aware environment, developed in a designed smart home. The smart home environment has been simulated using three agents and five locations in a house. The context-aware agents behave based on predefined rules designed for daily activities. Our proposal aims to reduce operational cost of running devices. In the future, monitors of health aspects belonging to home residents will sustain their healthy life daily. © 2023, Politechnica university of Bucharest. All rights reserved.

关键词： Multi agent systems

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Advanced Load Flow & Fault Analysis of Renewable Energy Integration in IEEE 9 Bus Power System

Advanced Load Flow & Fault Analysis of Renewable Energy Inte...

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2024 IEEE Global Energy Conference, GEC 2024

作者： Saha, Sajib Alam, Ferdosh Sayada, Rezowana Rahman, Rashedur M. Hasan, A.S.M. Jahid Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering North South University Dhaka Bangladesh

ISBN: (纸本)9798331532611

Renewable energy, particularly wind & solar power, plays a crucial role in modern electric power systems due to their environmental benefits, such as reduced carbon emission and air pollution, cost-effectiveness, and potential for expanding energy access. This research focuses on analyzing the load flow analysis, fault analysis, and economic load dispatch of renewable energy integration in different scenarios within an IEEE 9 Bus power system. A fixed-speed wind turbine and a solar PV model are designed and simulated in MATLAB Simulink. We collected data to create a model of the IEEE 9 Bus system in PowerWorld Simulator to add wind and solar energy data to analyze how the system operates load flow under different conditions. Five scenarios were tested to see how the grid performs when various combinations of grid generators, wind, and solar farms are used. The optimization connects ordinary and renewable generators, with the cost function balanced to reflect the zero-fuel cost of renewable sources. Successfully find the most dependable and economic scenario for the best use of all available energy sources, along with wind, solar, and the grid generator, to ensure the system runs efficiently. The power supply stays stable, and the grid generator does not have to work as challenging, which helps optimize renewable energy utilization and offers the most excellent mix of energy sources for cost-effective, clean, and sustainable power generation. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Clean energy

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UAV-Enabled Covert Cross-Technology Communication in Heterogeneous IoT Networks 100

UAV-Enabled Covert Cross-Technology Communication in Heterog...

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100th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2024-Fall

作者： Xia, Xiaohao Esmat, Haitham H. Lorenzo, Beatriz Goeckel, Dennis University of Massachusetts Amherst Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517786

Heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) networks enabled by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) operate in various protocols and spectrum bands (e.g., WiFi, LoRa, Zigbee) to collect and offload data generated from heterogeneous sensors. However, achieving timely and secure communications is challenging due to uncertain data generation, mobility, and location of wardens. This paper presents a collaborative framework that exploits cross-technology communications to achieve covertness constraints. The aim is to minimize the age of covert information (AoCI) and energy consumption by jointly optimizing data scheduling, power allocation, and offloading decisions by collaborating with UAVs. A multi-agent actor-critic algorithm that incorporates federated learning and attention mechanisms (cluster-MAAC-attention) is presented to solve the previous problem. Our simulation results show that our algorithm reduces the worst AoCI by 4 times, and reduces the penalty by 20 times compared to existing schemes. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Zigbee

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An Extended State Observer Based Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Controller for Electrostatic Actuators 50

An Extended State Observer Based Super-Twisting Sliding Mode...

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50th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2024

作者： Trovato, Gianfranco Dong, Lili Mandali, Anusree Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering Cleveland State University ClevelandOH United States Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering Lafayette College EastonPA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464543

This paper presents a super twisting sliding mode control (STSMC) system to stabilize a parallel-plate electrostatic actuator (ESA) and extend its operating range beyond the pull-in point. A voltage-controlled ESA is stable only within one-third of the full gap due to susceptibility to pull-in, nonlinearity, and sensitivity to electronic noise and disturbances. To address these challenges, an STSMC is developed to overcome the nonlinearity and instability, while an extended state observer (ESO) estimates the ESA's displacement. Implemented on a real ESA model in MATLAB/Simulink, the ESO-based STSMC increases the ESA's travel range to 99.9% of its full gap despite noise, disturbance, and parametric uncertainty. The system's stability is proved using a Lyapunov approach. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Sliding mode control

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Effective Energy Management Strategies Evaluation for Small Hybrid Fuel Cell Powered Vessels 5

Effective Energy Management Strategies Evaluation for Small ...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Communications, Information, Electronic and Energy Systems, CIEES 2024

作者： Nivolianiti, Evaggelia Karnavas, Yannis L. Democritus University of Thrace Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Xanthi Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352863

Hybrid fuel cell power systems have demonstrated their ability to lower fuel consumption and enhance transportation performance. However, efficient power transfer between the energy storage system (ESS) and fuel cell is crucial. This study explores the comparative performance of three energy management strategies -optimization-based, rule-based and control-based- for a hydrogen-powered small vessel. The focus is on optimizing fuel efficiency, specifically hydrogen consumption, under river-trip operating conditions. According to simulation results, the most effective energy management method for lowering fuel usage is that relied on control mechanisms. This method's real-time adaptive control, which efficiently balances fuel cell and ESS utilization, accounts for its superior performance. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Hydrogen storage

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Synergistic Use of Offshore Wind, Wave, and Photovoltaics for Maritime Hydrogen Refueling: How the Synergy Impacts the Storage Requirements? 5

Synergistic Use of Offshore Wind, Wave, and Photovoltaics fo...

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5th IEEE International Conference on Communications, Information, Electronic and Energy Systems, CIEES 2024

作者： Pompodakis, Evangelos E. Karapidakis, Emmanuel Hellenic Mediterranean University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Heraklion Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798350352863

This paper investigates the combined use of offshore wind, wave energy, and solar photovoltaics for maritime hydrogen refueling stations, with a focus on their influence on storage requirements. Eastern Crete and the Galite Islands, two Mediterranean sites with significant wind, wave, and solar energy potential, were selected as case studies for the installation of such stations. The research utilizes a Storage-to-Production Ratio (SPR) index to measure the amount of storage required to ensure a stable, uninterrupted hydrogen supply throughout the year, relative to the total annual hydrogen production. The results demonstrate that integrating either wind or wave energy with solar power significantly reduces the SPR, thanks to the weak temporal correlation between solar and the other two sources. This reduction can reach up to 20%, which, for a station providing an annual hydrogen supply of 20,000 tons, translates to a 4,000-ton reduction in storage needs. Conversely, combining wind and wave energy in the Mediterranean does not achieve a similar SPR reduction due to their strong temporal correlation. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Hydrogen storage

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Fairness-Aware Beam Placement Scheduling for LEO Satellites

Fairness-Aware Beam Placement Scheduling for LEO Satellites

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2024 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, computers and Signal Processing, PACRIM 2024

作者： Eftetahi, Pooria Seyed Cai, Lin Sepahi, Amir University of Victoria Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering VictoriaBC Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350362312

One of the primary objectives of the next-generation communication systems is to establish ubiquitous coverage. In this regard, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks have attracted significant attention as a promising technology to achieve global coverage. However, fairly and efficiently managing resource allocation, especially beam placement scheduling, poses a significant challenge due to the large number of ground terminals and the vast coverage of LEO satellites. To address this challenge, we model the beam placement scheduling as a problem of minimizing terminal payload at the LEO satellite while considering fairness among terminals. In our proposed solution, we divide the coverage area into segments and use the advantage actor-critic (A2C) to schedule beams within each segment. Our simulations demonstrate that our approach outperforms the greedy method in terms of both throughput and fairness while improving first-time access to the LEO satellite for terminals. Moreover, it outperforms round-robin (RR) scheduling in terms of throughput. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Satellite communication systems

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