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Integration of Machine-Learned Force Fields for Phonon DOS in Nanoscale Heterostructures

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2024年第SUPPLEMENT_1期30卷

作者： Walker, Harrison A Hoglund, Eric R Bao, De-Liang Kamal Hussain, Md Ni, Haoyang Mamun, Abdullah Baxter, Jefferey Khan, Asif Caldwell, Joshua D Hopkins, Patrick E Hachtel, Jordan A Pantelides, Sokrates T Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt Univ. Nashville TN United States Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Vanderbilt Univ. Nashville TN United States Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN United States Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering Univ. of Virginia Charlottesville VA United States Dept. of Electrical Engineering Univ. of South Carolina Columbia SC United States Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States Materials Research Laboratory Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL United States Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt Univ. Nashville TN United States Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Univ. of Virginia Charlottesville VA United States Dept. of Physics Univ. of Virginia Charlottesville VA United States Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt Univ. Nashville TN United States

COMPARISON OF OPTIMAL POWER FLOW FORMULATIONS IN ACTIVE DISTRIBUTION GRIDS

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COMPARISON OF OPTIMAL POWER FLOW FORMULATIONS IN ACTIVE DIST...

The 12th Mediterranean Conference on Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Energy Conversion (MEDPOWER 2020)

作者： C. Mylonas S. Karagiannopoulos P. Aristidou D. Shchetinin G. Hug Power Systems Laboratory ETH Zurich 8092 Zurich Switzerland Dept. of Electrical Engineering Computer Engineering & Informatics Cyprus University of Technology 3036 Limassol Cyprus ABB Corporate Research Center 5405 Baden Switzerland

Active Distribution Networks (DNs) are expected to host an increasing number of Distributed Generators (DGs) and other Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), offering new flexible sources and enabling the provision of ancillary services to system operators. Centralized DER controls that use Optimal Power Flow (OPF) methods necessitate tractable and scalable computational tools that can handle large DNs with satisfactory performance. In this paper, we compare an iterative OPF method against the standard exact AC OPF calculations in terms of the computational effort and solution quality. Furthermore, we highlight the suitability of the selected formulation to offer voltage support (VS) as an ancillary service to the transmission network. The results are demonstrated using a combination of a medium and low voltage grid, and show that tractable OPF formulations can unlock financial business cases for DNs that can actively participate in VS schemes.

关键词： distributed power generation distribution networks load flow power grids iterative methods centralised control

Is cosmological tuning fine or coarse?

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Díaz-Pachón, Daniel Andrés Hössjer, Ola Marks, Robert J. University of Miami Division of Biostatistics Don Soffer Clinical Research Center 1120 NW 14th St Room 1057 MiamiFL33136 United States Stockholm University Dept. of Mathematics Division of Mathematical Statistics Roslagsvägen 101 Kräftriket hus 6 Room 318 Stockholm Sweden Baylor University Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering One Bear Place #97356 WacoTX76798-7356 United States

The fine-tuning of the universe for life, the idea that the constants of nature (or ratios between them) must belong to very small intervals in order for life to exist, has been debated by scientists for several decades. Several criticisms have emerged concerning probabilistic measurement of life-permitting intervals. Herein, a Bayesian statistical approach is used to assign an upper bound for the probability of tuning, which is invariant with respect to change of physical units, and under certain assumptions it is small whenever the life-permitting interval is small on a relative scale. The computation of the upper bound of the tuning probability is achieved by first assuming that the prior is chosen by the principle of maximum entropy (MaxEnt). The unknown parameters of this MaxEnt distribution are then handled in such a way that the weak anthropic principle is not violated. The MaxEnt assumption is "maximally noncommittal with regard to missing information." This approach is sufficiently general to be applied to constants of current cosmological models, or to other constants possibly under different models. Application of the MaxEnt model reveals, for example, that the ratio of the universal gravitational constant to the square of the Hubble constant is finely tuned in some cases, whereas the amplitude of primordial fluctuations is *** Codes 85A40 (Primary) 94A17 92F05 60E05 85-10 (Secondary) © 2021, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Maximum entropy methods

Front-End ASIC for the STROBE-X HEMA and WFM Detectors: Concept and Design

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arXiv 2024年

作者： De Geronimo, Gianluigi Ray, Paul S. Wulf, Eric A. Wilson-Hodge, Colleen A. Burns, Eric Evangelista, Yuri Hutcheson, Anthony Maccarone, Thomas J. Zampa, Gianluigi Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794 United States DG Circuits *** SyossetNY11973 United States Space Science Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC20375 United States Astrophysics Branch NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center HuntsvilleAL35812 United States Louisiana State University Dept. of Physics and Astronomy 202 Nicholson Hall Baton RougeLA70803 United States INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100 Roma00133 Italy Department of Physics & Astronomy Texas Tech University Box 41051 LubbockTX79409-1051 United States TS Trieste Italy

This paper presents the NSX front-end ASIC, being developed to read charge signals from the HEMA and WFM X-ray detectors for the STROBE-X mission. The ASIC reads out signals from up to 64 anodes of linear Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs). When unloaded, the ASIC channel has a charge resolution, expressed in Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) of about 2.8 e−. Once connected to the SDD anode we anticipate, for the 80 keV energy range, a ENC of about 10.7 e− at a leakage current of 2 pA, which corresponds to a FWHM of about 145 eV at 6 keV once the Fano-limited statistics from charge generation in Si is included. The acquisition is event-triggered and, for events exceeding the threshold, the ASIC measures the peak amplitude and stores it in an analog memory for subsequent readout. The ASIC can also force the measurement of the sub-threshold channels neighboring the triggered channel, including the ones that belong to neighbor chips by using bi-directional differential inter-chip communication. Alternatively, the ASIC can measure the amplitudes of all channels at the time of the first detected peak. Additional features include a high-resolution option, channel power down and skip function, a low-noise pulse generator, a temperature sensor, and the monitoring of the channel analog output and trimmed threshold. The power consumption of the individual channel is ∼590 µW and, when including all shared circuits, it averages to ∼670 µW / channel. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Anodes

Spectroscopic detection of pigments in tissues: correlation with tissue aging and cancer development

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Spectroscopic detection of pigments in tissues: correlation ...

International Conference on Laser Optics

作者： L. M. Oliveira T. M. Gonç alves A. R. Botelho I. S. Martins H. F. Silva I. Carneiro S. Carvalho R. Henrique V. V. Tuchin ISEP Center of Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology Porto Portugal Physics Department Polytechnic of Porto - School of Engineering (ISEP) Porto Portugal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Porto University - School of Engineering Porto Portugal Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto Porto Portugal Dept. of Pathological Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy Polytechnic of Porto - School of Health (ESS) Porto Portugal Deptartment of Pathology Santa Luzia Hospital (ULSAM) Viana do Castelo Portugal Dept. of Pat hol. and Molecular Immunology Porto University - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar Porto Portugal Science Medical Center Saratov State University Saratov Russia Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control FRC &#x2018 Saratov Scientific Centre&#x2019 of the Russian Academy of Sciences Saratov Russia

ISBN: (数字)9781665466646

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466653

The direct calculation of the absorption coefficient spectra of various tissues from spectral measurements allowed to retrieve the contents of melanin and lipofuscin. In the rabbit brain cortex, 1.8 times higher melanin content is explained by the neuron degeneration process. Similar melanin and lipofuscin contents were found in the rabbit pancreas as a result of the tissue aging process. The conversion of 83 % of the melanin in the human normal kidney into lipofuscin in the cancer kidney indicates that lipofuscin can be considered a kidney cancer marker in humans.

关键词： Rabbits Absorption Neurons Lasers Aging Pigments Optics

A factor graph EM algorithm for inference of kinetic microstates from patch clamp measurements

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Moffett, Alexander S. Cui, Guiying Thomas, Peter J. Hunt, William D. McCarty, Nael A. Westafer, Ryan S. Eckford, Andrew W. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science York University 4700 Keele Street TorontoONM3J 1P3 Canada Emory + Children's Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research Emory University School of Medicine Children's Healthcare of Atlanta AtlantaGA30322 United States Dept. of Mathematics Applied Mathematics and Statistics Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue ClevelandOH44106 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 777 Atlantic Drive NW AtlantaGA30332 United States Georgia Tech Research Institute 400 10th St NW AtlantaGA30318 United States

We derive a factor graph EM (FGEM) algorithm, a technique that permits combined parameter estimation and statistical inference, to determine hidden kinetic microstates from patch clamp measurements. Using the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as examples, we perform Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm. We show that the performance, measured in terms of the probability of estimation error, approaches the theoretical performance limit of maximum a posteriori estimation. Moreover, the algorithm provides a reliability score for its estimates, and we demonstrate that the score can be used to further improve the performance of estimation. We use the algorithm to estimate hidden kinetic states in lab-obtained CFTR single channel patch clamp traces. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrophysiology

Reduced graphene oxide tattoo as wearable proximity sensor

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kedambaimoole, Vaishakh Kumar, Neelotpala Shirhatti, Vijay Nuthalapati, Suresh Kumar, Saurabh Nayak, Mangalore Manjunatha Sen, Prosenjit Akinwande, Deji Rajanna, Konandur Dept of Instrumentation and Applied Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore560012 India Centre for Nano Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore560012 India Microelectronics Research Center Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States

The human body is punctuated with wide array of sensory systems that provide a high evolutionary advantage by facilitating formation of a detailed picture of the immediate surroundings. The sensors range across a wide spectrum, acquiring input from non-contact audio-visual means to contact based input via pressure and temperature. The ambit of sensing can be extended further by imparting the body with increased non-contact sensing capability through the phenomenon of electrostatics. Here we present graphene-based tattoo sensor for proximity sensing, employing the principle of electrostatic gating. The sensor shows a remarkable change in resistance upon exposure to objects surrounded with static charge on them. Compared to prior work in this field, the sensor has demonstrated the highest recorded proximity detection range of 20 cm. It is ultrathin, highly skin conformal and comes with a facile transfer process such that it can be tattooed on highly curvilinear rough substrates like the human skin, unlike other graphene-based proximity sensors reported before. Present work details the operation of wearable proximity sensor while exploring the effect of mounting body on the working mechanism. A possible role of the sensor as an alerting system against unwarranted contact with objects in public places especially during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has also been explored in the form of an LED bracelet whose color is controlled by the proximity sensor attached to it. © 2020, CC BY.

关键词： Graphene

Guaranteed Convergence of Training Convolutional Neural Networks via Accelerated Gradient Descent

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Guaranteed Convergence of Training Convolutional Neural Netw...

Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)

作者： Shuai Zhang Meng Wang Sijia Liu Pin-Yu Chen Jinjun Xiong Dept. of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY USA MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab Cambridge MA USA IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center NY USA

ISBN: (数字)9781728140858

ISBN: (纸本)9781728188317

In this paper, we study the linear regression problem of training an one-hidden-layer non-overlapping convolutional neural networks (ConvNNs) with the rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation functions. Given a set of training data that contains the inputs (feature vectors) and outputs (labels), the outputs are assumed to be generated from a ConvNN with unknown weights, and our goal is to recover the ground-truth weights by minimizing a non-convex optimization problem whose object function is the empirical loss function. We have proved that if the inputs belong to Gaussian distribution, then the optimization problem can be solved by accelerated gradient descent (AGD) algorithm with a well-designed initial point and enough samples, and the iterates via AGD algorithm converge linearly to the ground-truth weights.

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Broadband fiber-based entangled photon-pair source at telecom O-band

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Chen, Changjia Xu, Calvin Riazi, Arash Zhu, Eric Y. Gladyshev, Alexey V. Kazansky, Peter G. Qian, And L.I. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 10 King’s College Rd. TorontoM5S 3G4 Canada Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Dianov Fiber Optics Research Center 38 Vavilov Street Moscow119333 Russia Optoelectronics Research Centre University of Southampton SouthamptonSO17 1BJ United Kingdom

In this letter, we report a polarization-entangled photon-pair source based on type-II spontaneous parametric down conversion at telecom O-band in periodically poled silica fiber (PPSF). The photon-pair source exhibits more than 130 nm (∼24 THz) emission bandwidth centered at 1306.6 nm. The broad emission spectrum results in a short biphoton correlation time and we experimentally demonstrate a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference dip with a full width of 26.6 fs at half maximum. Owing to the low birefringence of the PPSF, the biphotons generated from type-II SPDC are polarization-entangled over the entire emission bandwidth, with a measured fidelity to a maximally entangled state greater than 95.4%. The biphoton source provides the broadest bandwidth entangled biphotons at O-band to our knowledge. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Polarization