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IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing

作者： Charbel Sakr Jungwook Choi Zhuo Wang Kailash Gopalakrishnan Naresh Shanbhag Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign IBM T. J. Watson Research Center

ISBN: (纸本)9781538646595

With the ever growing popularity of deep learning, the tremendous complexity of deep neural networks is becoming problematic when one considers inference on resource constrained platforms. Binary networks have emerged as a potential solution, however, they exhibit a fundamentallimi-tation in realizing gradient-based learning as their activations are non-differentiable. Current work has so far relied on approximating gradients in order to use the back-propagation algorithm via the straight through estimator (STE). Such approximations harm the quality of the training procedure causing a noticeable gap in accuracy between binary neural networks and their full precision baselines. We present a novel method to train binary activated neural networks using true gradient-based learning. Our idea is motivated by the similarities between clipping and binary activation functions. We show that our method has minimal accuracy degradation with respect to the full precision baseline. Finally, we test our method on three benchmarking datasets: MNIST, CIFAR-10, and SVHN. For each benchmark, we show that continuous binarization using true gradient-based learning achieves an accuracy within 1.5% of the floating-point baseline, as compared to accuracy drops as high as 6% when training the same binary activated network using the STE.

关键词： deep learning binary neural networks activation functions Activating function Machine Learning Binary Neural network training procedure BENCHMARKS BASELINE clipping Popularity

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CHAOS Challenge - Combined (CT-MR) healthy abdominal organ segmentation

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Kavur, A. Emre Gezer, N. Sinem Barış, Mustafa Conze, Pierre-Henri Groza, Vladimir Pham, Duc Duy Chatterjee, Soumick Ernst, Philipp Özkan, Savaş Baydar, Bora Lachinov, Dmitry Han, Shuo Pauli, Josef Isensee, Fabian Perkonigg, Matthias Sathish, Rachana Rajan, Ronnie Aslan, Sinem Sheet, Debdoot Dovletov, Gurbandurdy Speck, Oliver Nürnberger, Andreas Maier-Hein, Klaus H. Akar, Gözde Bozdagı Ünal, Gözde Dicle, Oguz Selver, M. Alper Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey Department of Radiology Faculty Of Medicine Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey Dept. of Ophthalmology and Optometry Medical Uni. of Vienna Austria Intelligent Systems Faculty of Engineering University of Duisburg-Essen Germany Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany CIR Lab Dept of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy Medical Uni. of Vienna Austria IMT Atlantique LaTIM UMR 1101 Brest France Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India School of Medical Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Ca’ Foscari University of Venice ECLT DAIS Venice Italy Ege University International Computer Institute Izmir Turkey Johns Hopkins University Baltimore United States Data and Knowledge Engineering Group Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Magnetic Resonance Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Germany Median Technologies Valbonne France Department of Computer Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dokuz Eylul University Izmir Turkey

—Segmentation of abdominal organs has been a comprehensive, yet unresolved, research field for many years. In the last decade, intensive developments in deep learning (DL) have introduced new state-of-the-art segmentation systems. Despite outperforming the overall accuracy of existing systems, the effects of DL model properties and parameters on the performance is hard to interpret. This makes comparative analysis a necessary tool to achieve explainable studies and systems. Moreover, the performance of DL for emerging learning approaches such as cross-modality and multi-modal tasks have been rarely discussed. In order to expand the knowledge in these topics, CHAOS – Combined (CT-MR) Healthy Abdominal Organ Segmentation challenge has been organized in the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), 2019, in Venice, Italy. Despite a large number of the previous abdomen related challenges, the majority of which are focused on tumor/lesion detection and/or classification with a single modality, CHAOS providesboth abdominal CT and MR data from healthy subjects. Five different and complementary tasks have been designed to analyze the capabilities of the current approaches from multiple perspectives. The results are investigated thoroughly, compared with manual annotations and interactive methods. The outcomes are reported in detail to reflect the latest advancements in the field. CHAOS challenge and data will be available online to provide a continuous benchmark resource for segmentation. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Medical imaging

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24.3:Invited Paper:Printed Electrodes for All-Solution-Processed Inverted-Structure OLEDs

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SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 2019年第S1期50卷

作者： Yongtaek Hong Jongjang Park Geonhee Kim Hyungsoo Yoon Sujin Jeong Seunghwan Lee Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University Seoul Korea

A key enabling technology for all-printed organic light-emitting diodes is printing electrodes that can be used for anodes or cathodes for conventional or inverted device structures. In both device structures, the first bottom electrodes, which are either transparent or opaque depending on the device structure, are typically printed while the last top electrodes have been deposited by using a vacuum-based evaporation process because when the last top electrodes are fabricated by using a solution-based process, under organic layers are easily damaged during the fabrication process. Although so-called transfer printing process has been often reported for organic devices such as organic solar cells, it has been rarely applied for OLEDs. In addition, no fine patterning has been adopted in such printing processes. As part of our efforts towards all-printed OLEDs, inkjet-printed and/or transfer-printed, finely-patterned PEDOT:PSS electrodes have been investigated in our lab and most recent achievement will be reported in detail. In order to implement all-solution-processed OLEDs, we also studied the inverted-structure OLEDs, which showed comparable results to the conventional structure OLEDs with the vacuum-based deposited electrodes.

关键词： Organic light-emitting diode OLED polymer light-emitting diode PLED inverted structure inkjet-printing transfer-printing

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Collective near-field coupling in infrared-phononic metasurfaces for nano-light canalization

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Peining Hu, Guangwei Dolado, Irene Tymchenko, Mykhailo Qiu, Cheng-Wei Alfaro-Mozaz, Francisco Javier Casanova, Felix Hueso, Luis E. Liu, Song Edgar, James H. Vélez, Saül Alu, Andrea Hillenbrand, Rainer Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China CIC nanoGUNE BRTA Donostia-San Sebastián20018 Spain Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore 4 Engineering Drive 3 Singapore117583 Singapore Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York10031 United States IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao48013 Spain Tim Taylor Dept. of Chemical Engineering Kansas State University ManhattanKS66506 United States Department of Materials ETH Zürich Zürich8093 Switzerland CIC NanoGUNE BRTA UPV EHU Donostia-San Sebastián20018 Spain

Polaritons - coupled excitations of photons and dipolar matter excitations - can propagate along anisotropic metasurfaces with either hyperbolic or elliptical dispersion. At the transition from hyperbolic to elliptical dispersion (corresponding to a topological transition), various intriguing phenomena are found, such as an enhancement of the photonic density of states, polariton canalization and hyperlensing. Here we investigate theoretically and experimentally the topological transition and the polaritonic coupling of deeply subwavelength elements (structure sizes ∼ λ/100, λ being the free-space wavelength) in a uniaxial infrared-phononic metasurface, a grating of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanoribbons. By hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging, we observe, for the first time, a synthetic transverse optical phonon resonance (that is, the strong collective near-field coupling of the nanoribbons) in the middle of the hBN Reststrahlen band, yielding a topological transition from hyperbolic to elliptical dispersion. We further visualize and characterize the spatial evolution of a deeply subwavelength canalization mode (a spatial confinement of about 300 nm, ∼ λ/22) near the transition frequency, which is a collimated polariton that is the basis for hyperlensing and diffraction-less propagation. Our results provide fundamental insights into the role of polaritonic near-field coupling in metasurfaces for creating topological transitions and polariton canalization. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Photons

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A Simple Approach for Securing IoT Data Transmitted over Multi-RATs

A Simple Approach for Securing IoT Data Transmitted over Mul...

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International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, IWCMC

作者： Rida Diba Elias Yaacoub Mohammed Al-Husseini Hassan Noura Khalid Abualsaud Tamer Khattab Mohsen Guizani Faculty of Computer Studies Arab Open University Beirut Lebanon Beirut Research and Innovation Center (BRIC) Beirut Lebanon Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Dept. of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Idaho Moscow ID USA

In an mHealth remote patient monitoring scenario, usually control units/data aggregators receive data from the body area network (BAN) sensors then send it to the network or “cloud”. The control unit would have to transmit the measurement data to the home access point (AP) using WiFi for example, or directly to a cellular base station (BS), e.g., using the long-term evolution (LTE) technology, or both (e.g., using multi- homing to transmit over multiple radio access technologies (Multi-RATs). Fast encryption or physical layer security techniques are needed to secure the data. In fact, during normal conditions, monitoring data can be transmitted using best effort transmission. However, when real-time processing detects an emergency situation, the current monitoring data should be transmitted real-time to the appropriate medical personnel in emergency response teams. In this paper, a fast and secure approach for transmitting monitoring data over multi-RATs is proposed. The presented approach consists of benefiting of the presence of multi-RATs in order to exchange the secrecy information more efficiently while optimizing the transmission time.

关键词： Rats Security Data communication Wireless fidelity Long Term Evolution Monitoring Receivers

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Progress in flexible 2D nanoelectronics 231

Progress in flexible 2D nanoelectronics

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Symposium on Emerging Materials for Post CMOS Devices/Sensing and Applications 8 - 231st ECS Meeting 2017

作者： Park, Saungeun Zhu, Weinan Akinwande, Deji Microelectronics Research Center Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering 10100 Burnet Road Bldg 160 MER 1.206L AustinTX78758 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781607688051

In the past decade, two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals have stimulated great interest in the electronic device community for their interesting physics and diverse applications. With the rapid growing market of wearable electronics and internet-of-things (IoTs), flexible nanoelectronics with high operation speed and low power consumption has become one of the most researched topics. In this regard, 2D atomic van der Waals crystals has emerged as promising candidates for such applications owing to their compelling capabilities including ultimate thickness scalability, superior mechanical flexibility and highly tunable electronic performance. We describe state-of-the-art advancements in 2D flextronics based on chemical vapor deposition (CVD) monolayer graphene, CVD monolayer MoS2, and few-layer black phosphorus with specific emphasis on radio frequency (RF) applications. © The Electrochemical Society.

关键词： Monolayers

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Unmasking Criminal Enterprises: An Analysis of Bitcoin Transactions

Unmasking Criminal Enterprises: An Analysis of Bitcoin Trans...

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International Conference on Malicious and Unwanted Software (MALWARE)

作者： Jonathan Oakley Carl Worley Lu Yu Richard Brooks Anthony Skjellum Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University Clemson SC USA Cyber Security Research Center Auburn University Auburn AL USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781728101569;9781728101552

With the rise of cryptographic ransomware, Bitcoin has found a niche as the standard currency for ransoms. While Bitcoin is pseudonymous, it provides no guarantee of untraceability. As a result, another niche has arisen-Bitcoin money laundering. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) have previously been used in a number of applications where traditional pattern recognition falls short. In this paper, HMMs are inferred from transactions in the public blockchain in an attempt to link users, events, and enterprises. We introduce a proof-of-concept algorithm to infer HMMs from the Bitcoin blockchain.

关键词： Bitcoin Hidden Markov models Mathematical model Blockchain Public key Markov processes

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Quantifying broadband chromatic drifts in Fabry-Pérot resonators for exoplanet science

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Kreider, Molly Kate Fredrick, Connor Diddams, Scott A. Terrien, Ryan C. Mahadevan, Suvrath Ninan, Joe P. Bender, Chad F. Mitchell, Daniel Rajagopal, Jayadev Roy, Arpita Schwab, Christian Wright, Jason T. Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder 440 UCB BoulderCO80309 United States Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado Boulder 425 UCB BoulderCO80309 United States Time and Frequency Division National Institute of Standards and Technology 325 Broadway BoulderCO80305 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Carleton College One North College Street NorthfieldMN55057 United States Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics 525 Davey Laboratory The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds 525 Davey Laboratory The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 1 Homi Bhabha Road Colaba Mumbai400005 India Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933 N Cherry Ave TucsonAZ85721 United States LightMachinery Inc. 80 Colonnade Rd N Unit 1 NepeanONK2E 7L2 Canada NSF NOIRLab 950 N Cherry Ave TucsonAZ85179 United States Schmidt Sciences New YorkNY10011 United States School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Macquarie University Balaclava Road North RydeNSW2109 Australia Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center 525 Davey Laboratory Penn State University ParkPA16802 United States

The possibility of an Earth-Sun analog beyond our solar system is one of the most longstanding questions in science. At present, answering this question embodies an extremely difficult measurement problem that requires multiple coordinated advances in astronomical telescopes, fiber optics, precision spectrographs, large format detector arrays, and advanced data processing. Taken together, addressing this challenge will require the measurement and calibration of shifts in stellar spectra at the 10−10 level over multi-year periods. The potential for such precision has recently been advanced by the introduction of laser frequency combs (LFCs) to the field of precision astronomical spectroscopy. However, the expense, complexity and lack of full spectral coverage of LFCs has limited their widespread use and ultimate impact. To address this issue, we explore simple and robust white-light-illuminated Fabry-Pérot (FP) etalons as spectral calibrators for precise radial velocity measurements. We track the frequencies of up to 13,000 etalon modes of the installed FPs from two state-of-the-art astronomical spectrographs. Combining these measurements with modeling, we trace unexpected chromatic variations of the FP modes to sub-picometer changes in the dielectric layers of the broad bandwidth FP mirrors. This yields the determination of the frequencies of the FP modes with precision approaching ∼10−11/day, equivalent to a radial velocity (RV) Doppler shift of 3 mm/s/day. These results represent critical progress in precision RV measurements on two fronts: first, they make FP etalons a more powerful stand-alone calibration tool, and second, they demonstrate the capability of LFCs to extend cm/s level RV measurement precision over periods approaching a year. Together, these advances highlight a path to achieving spectroscopic calibration at levels that will be critical for finding earths like our own. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Calibration

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An IEC 61499 Replication for Distributed Control Applications

An IEC 61499 Replication for Distributed Control Application...

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IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)

作者： Adriano A. Santos António F. Silva Mário de Sousa Pessoa Magalhães Research Center of Mechanical Engineering (CIDEM) School of Engineering (ISEP) Polytechnic of Porto Porto Portugal Dept. Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Porto (FEUP) Porto Portugal Dept. Mechanical Engineering University of Porto (FEUP) Porto Portugal

Modern industrial environment control programs are distributed among several devices. The IEC 61499 standard defines function blocks with which distributed control applications may be developed, and how these are interpreted and executed. Its functionality and the inherent support for dynamic reconfiguration provide the required infrastructure for Industry 4.0 and industrial IoT applications. However, by their distributed nature new challenges are posed, especially about how modes of failure are handled. To avoid system malfunctions and breakdowns due to partial failures, the authors propose a new framework were the concept of replication can be applied maintaining internal state synchronised. This paper presents an example of how the replication framework on the FORTE IEC 6499 execution platform can be developed and voting strategies, along with the results obtained in the implementation with the standard communication SIFBs available on the Eclipse 4diac™.

关键词： IEC Standards Hardware Software Decentralized control Protocols Process control

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An Immersive System with Multi-Modal Human-computer Interaction

An Immersive System with Multi-Modal Human-Computer Interact...

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International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition

作者： Rui Zhao Kang Wang Rahul Divekar Robert Rouhani Hui Su Qiang Ji Dept. of Electrical Computer & Systems Engineering RPI USA Dept. of Computer Science RPI USA RPI Cognitive Immersive Systems Lab USA IBM T. J. Watson Research Center USA

We introduce an immersive system prototype that integrates face, gesture and speech recognition techniques to support multi-modal human-computer interaction capability. Embedded in an indoor room setting, a multi-camera system is developed to monitor the user facial behavior, body gesture and spatial location in the room. A server that fuses different sensor inputs in a time-sensitive manner so that our system knows who is doing what at where in real-time. When correlating with speech input, the system can better understand the user intention for interaction purpose. We evaluate the performance of core recognition techniques on both benchmark and self-collected datasets and demonstrate the benefit of the system in various use cases.

关键词： Cameras Visualization Image color analysis Calibration Face Gesture recognition Three-dimensional displays

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