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arXiv 2018年

作者： Barwick, S.W. Berg, E.C. Besson, D.Z. Gaswint, G. Glaser, C. Hallgren, A. Hanson, J.C. Klein, S.R. Kleinfelder, S. Köpke, L. Kravchenko, I. Lahmann, R. Latif, U. Nam, J. Nelles, A. Persichilli, C. Sandstrom, P. Tatar, J. Unger, E. Dept. of Physics & Astronomy 4129 Frederick Reines Hall University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Univ. of Kansas LawrenceKS66045 United States National Research Nuclear University Moscow Engineering Physics Institute 31 Kashirskoye Highway Rossia115409 Russia Uppsala University Department of Physics and Astronomy Regementsvgen 1 UppsalaSE-752 37 Sweden Whittier College Department of Physics 13406 E. Philadelphia St. WhittierCA90602 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Rd. BerkeleyCA94720 United States Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California IrvineCA92697 United States Institute of Physics University of Mainz Staudinger Weg 7 MainzD-55099 Germany Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln NE68588 United States ECAP Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1 Erlangen91058 Germany Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics National Taiwan University No. 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Institut für Physik Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin12489 Germany DESY Platanenallee 6 Zeuthen15738 Germany Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center University of Wisconsin MadisonWI53706 United States Research Cyberinfrastructure Center University of California IrvineCA92697

Ongoing experimental efforts in Antarctica seek to detect ultra-high energy neutrinos by measurement of radio-frequency (RF) Askaryan radiation generated by the collision of a neutrino with an ice molecule. An array of RF antennas, deployed either in-ice or in-air, is used to infer the properties of the neutrino. To evaluate their experimental sensitivity, such experiments require a refractive index model for ray tracing radio-wave trajectories from a putative in-ice neutrino interaction point to the receiving antennas;this gives the degree of signal absorption or ray bending from source to receiver. The gradient in the density profile over the upper 200 meters of Antarctic ice, coupled with Fermat’s least-time principle, implies ray "bending" and the existence of "forbidden" zones for predominantly horizontal signal propagation at shallow dept.s. After re-deriving the formulas describing such shadowing, we report on experimental results that, somewhat unexpectedly, demonstrate the existence of electromagnetic wave transport modes from nominally shadowed regions. The fact that this shadow-signal propagation is observed both at South Pole and the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica suggests that the effect may be a generic property of polar ice, with potentially important implications for experiments seeking to detect neutrinos. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ice

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Application of pattern spectra and convolutional neural networks to the analysis of simulated Cherenkov Telescope Array data 37

Application of pattern spectra and convolutional neural netw...

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37th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2021

作者： Aschersleben, J. Peletier, R.F. Vecchi, M. Wilkinson, M.H.F. Abdalla, H. Abe, H. Abe, S. Abusleme, A. Acero, F. Acharyya, A. Acín Portella, V. Ackley, K. Adam, R. Adams, C. Adhikari, S.S. Aguado-Ruesga, I. Agudo, I. Aguilera, R. Aguirre-Santaella, A. Aharonian, F. Alberdi, A. Alfaro, R. Alfaro, J. Alispach, C. Aloisio, R. Alves Batista, R. Amans, J.-P. Amati, L. Amato, E. Ambrogi, L. Ambrosi, G. Ambrosio, M. Ammendola, R. Anderson, J. Anduze, M. Angüner, E.O. Antonelli, L.A. Antonuccio, V. Antoranz, P. Anutarawiramkul, R. Aragunde Gutierrez, J. Aramo, C. Araudo, A. Araya, M. Arbet-Engels, A. Arcaro, C. Arendt, V. Armand, C. Armstrong, T. Arqueros, F. Arrabito, L. Arsioli, B. Artero, M. Asano, K. Ascasíbar, Y. Ashley, M. Attinà, P. Aubert, P. Singh, C.B. Baack, D. Babic, A. Backes, M. Baena, V. Bajtlik, S. Baktash, A. Balazs, C. Balbo, M. Ballester, O. Ballet, J. Balmaverde, B. Bamba, A. Bandiera, R. Baquero Larriva, A. Barai, P. Barbier, C. Barbosa Martins, V. Barcelo, M. Barkov, M. Barnard, M. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Bastieri, D. Batista, P.I. Batkovic, I. Bauer, C. Bautista-González, R. Baxter, J. Becciani, U. Becerra González, J. Becherini, Y. Beck, G. Becker Tjus, J. Bednarek, W. Belfiore, A. Bellizzi, L. Belmont, R. Benbow, W. Berge, D. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M.I. Bernlöhr, K. Berti, A. Berton, M. Bertucci, B. Beshley, V. Bhatt, N. Bhattacharyya, S. Bhattacharyya, W. Bhattacharyya, S. Bi, B. Bicknell, G. Biederbeck, N. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Bird, R. Bissaldi, E. Biteau, J. Bitossi, M. Blanch, O. Blank, M. Blazek, J. Bobin, J. Boccato, C. Bocchino, F. Boehm, C. Bohacova, M. Boisson, C. Boix, J. Bolle, J.-P. Bolmont, J. Bonanno, G. Bonavolontà, C. Bonneau Arbeletche, L. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Borkowski, J. Bórquez, S. Bose, R. Bose, D. Bosnjak, Z. Bottacini, E. Böttcher, M. Botticella, M.T. Boutonnet, C. Bouyjou, F. Bozhilov, V. Bozzo, E. Brahimi, L. Braiding, C. Brau-Nogué, S. Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen PO Box 800 Groningen9700 AV Netherlands Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Groningen PO Box 407 GroningenNL-9700 AK Netherlands Centre for Space Research North-West University Potchefstroom2520 South Africa Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340 Santiago Chile AIM CEA CNRS Université Paris-Saclay Université Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU DAp Bat 709 Orme des Merisiers Gif-sur-Yvette91191 France Centre for Advanced Instrumentation Dept. of Physics Durham University South Road DurhamDH1 3LE United Kingdom Port d'Informació Científica Edifici D Carrer de l'Albareda Bellaterrra Cerdanyola del Vallès08193 Spain School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University MelbourneVIC3800 Australia Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet École Polytechnique UMR 7638 CNRS/IN2P3 Institut Polytechnique de Paris Palaiseau91128 France Department of Physics Columbia University 538 West 120th Street New YorkNY10027 United States University of Oslo Department of Physics Sem Saelandsvei 24 - PO Box 1048 Blindern OsloN-0316 Norway EMFTEL Department IPARCOS Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid28040 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain Campus UAB Carrer de Can Magrans s/n Cerdanyola del Vallés08193 Spain Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC Departamento de Física Teórica Universidad Autónoma de Madrid c/Nicolás Cabrera 13-15 Campus de Cantoblanco UAM Madrid28049 Spain Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place Dublin 2 Ireland Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Delegación Coyoacán Ciudad de México04510 Mexico University of Geneva Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire 24 rue d

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation gamma-ray observatory and will be the major global instrument for very-high-energy astronomy over the next decade, offering 5 − 10 × better flux sensitivity than current generation gamma-ray telescopes. Each telescope will provide a snapshot of gamma-ray induced particle showers by capturing the induced Cherenkov emission at ground level. The simulation of such events provides images that can be used as training data for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to determine the energy of the initial gamma rays. Compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms, analyses based on CNNs promise to further enhance the performance to be achieved by CTA. Pattern spectra are commonly used tools for image classification and provide the distributions of the shapes and sizes of various objects comprising an image. The use of relatively shallow CNNs on pattern spectra would automatically select relevant combinations of features within an image, taking advantage of the 2D nature of pattern spectra. In this work, we generate pattern spectra from simulated gamma-ray events instead of using the raw images themselves in order to train our CNN for energy reconstruction. This is different from other relevant learning and feature selection methods that have been tried in the past. Thereby, we aim to obtain a significantly faster and less computationally intensive algorithm, with minimal loss of performance. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

关键词： Gamma rays

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Identification of the Top TESS Objects of Interest for Atmospheric Characterization of Transiting Exoplanets with JWST

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Hord, Benjamin J. Kempton, Eliza M.-R. Mikal-Evans, Thomas Latham, David W. Ciardi, David R. Dragomir, Diana Colón, Knicole D. Ross, Gabrielle Vanderburg, Andrew de Beurs, Zoe L. Collins, Karen A. Watkins, Cristilyn N. Bean, Jacob Cowan, Nicolas B. Daylan, Tansu Morley, Caroline V. Ih, Jegug Baker, David Barkaoui, Khalid Batalha, Natalie M. Behmard, Aida Belinski, Alexander Benkhaldoun, Zouhair Benni, Paul Bernacki, Krzysztof Bieryla, Allyson Binnenfeld, Avraham Bosch-Cabot, Pau Bouchy, François Bozza, Valerio Brahm, Rafael Buchhave, Lars A. Calkins, Michael Chontos, Ashley Clark, Catherine A. Cloutier, Ryan Cointepas, Marion Collins, Kevin I. Conti, Dennis M. Crossfield, Ian J.M. Dai, Fei de Leon, Jerome P. Dransfield, Georgina Dressing, Courtney Dustor, Adam Esquerdo, Gilbert Evans, Phil Fajardo-Acosta, Sergio B. Fiolka, Jerzy Forés-Toribio, Raquel Frasca, Antonio Fukui, Akihiko Fulton, Benjamin Furlan, Elise Gan, Tianjun Gandolfi, Davide Ghachoui, Mourad Giacalone, Steven Gilbert, Emily A. Gillon, Michaël Girardin, Eric Gonzales, Erica Horta, Ferran Grau Gregorio, Joao Greklek-McKeon, Michael Guerra, Pere Hartman, J.D. Hellier, Coel Helminiak, Krzysztof G. Henning, Thomas Hill, Michelle L. Horne, Keith Howard, Andrew W. Howell, Steve B. Huber, Daniel Isaacson, Howard Isopi, Giovanni Jehin, Emmanuel Jenkins, Jon M. Jensen, Eric L.N. Johnson, Marshall C. Jordán, Andrés Kane, Stephen R. Kielkopf, John F. Krushinsky, Vadim Lasota, Slawomir Lee, Elena Lewin, Pablo Livingston, John H. Lubin, Jack Lund, Michael B. Mallia, Franco Mann, Christopher R. Marino, Giuseppi Maslennikova, Nataliia Massey, Bob Matson, Rachel Matthews, Elisabeth Mayo, Andrew W. Mazeh, Tsevi McLeod, Kim K. Michaels, Edward J. Močnik, Teo Mori, Mayuko Mraz, Georgia Muñoz, Jose A. Narita, Norio Nielsen, Louise Dyregaard Osborn, Hugh Palle, Enric Panahi, Aviad Papini, Riccardo Polanski, Alex S. Popowicz, Adam Pozuelos, Francisco J. Quinn, Samuel N. Radford, Don J. Reed, Phillip A. Relles, Howard M. Rice, Malena Robertson, Paul Rodriguez, Joseph E. Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt Road GreenbeltMD20771 United States GSFC Sellers Exoplanet Environments Collaboration United States Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17 HeidelbergD-69117 Germany Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States NASA Exoplanet Science Institute IPAC California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of New Mexico 210 Yale Boulevard NE AlbuquerqueNM87106 United States Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 S Ellis Ave ChicagoIL60637 United States Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Department of Physics McGill University 3600 rue University MontréalQCH3A 2T8 Canada Department of Physics McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences Washington University St. LouisMO63130 United States The University of Texas at Austin Department of Astronomy 2515 Speedway Stop C1400 AustinTX78712-1205 United States Physics Department Austin College ShermanTX75090 United States Astrobiology Research Unit Université de Liège 19C Allée du 6 Août Liège4000 Belgium Calle Vía Láctea s/n La Laguna Tenerife38200 Spain Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of California Santa CruzCA95060 United States Division of Geological and Planetary Science California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Sternberg Astronomical Institute Lomonosov Moscow State University Universitetskii prospekt 13 Moscow119992 Russia Oukaimeden Observatory High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory Faculty of sciences Semlalia Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco ActonMA United States Silesian University of Technology Department of El

JWST has ushered in an era of unprecedented ability to characterize exoplanetary atmospheres. While there are over 5,000 confirmed planets, more than 4,000 TESS planet candidates are still unconfirmed and many of the best planets for atmospheric characterization may remain to be identified. We present a sample of TESS planets and planet candidates that we identify as "best-in-class" for transmission and emission spectroscopy with JWST. These targets are sorted into bins across equilibrium temperature Teq and planetary radius Rp and are ranked by transmission and emission spectroscopy metric (TSM and ESM, respectively) within each bin. In forming our target sample, we perform cuts for expected signal size and stellar brightness, to remove sub-optimal targets for JWST. Of the 194 targets in the resulting sample, 103 are unconfirmed TESS planet candidates, also known as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs). We perform vetting and statistical validation analyses on these 103 targets to determine which are likely planets and which are likely false positives, incorporating ground-based follow-up from the TESS Follow-up Observation Program (TFOP) to aid the vetting and validation process. We statistically validate 23 TOIs, marginally validate 33 TOIs to varying levels of confidence, deem 29 TOIs likely false positives, and leave the dispositions for 4 TOIs as inconclusive. 14 of the 103 TOIs were confirmed independently over the course of our analysis. We provide our final best-in-class sample as a community resource for future JWST proposals and observations. We intend for this work to motivate formal confirmation and mass measurements of each validated planet and encourage more detailed analysis of individual targets by the community. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Emission spectroscopy

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Implementation of a parameterized interacting multiple model filter on an FPGA for satellite communications 34

Implementation of a parameterized interacting multiple model...

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34th AIAA International Communications Satellite Systems Conference, 2016

作者： Hackett, Timothy M. Bilén, Sven G. Ferreira, Paulo Victor R. Wyglinski, Alexander M. Reinhart, Richard C. The Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Worcester Polytechnic Institute WorcesterMA01609 United States NASA John H. Glenn Research Center 21000 Brookpark Road ClevelandOH44135 United States School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 304 Electrical Engineering East United States School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 313 Electrical Engineering East United States Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering 100 Institute Rd United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering 100 Institute Rd United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624104572

ISBN: (纸本)9781624104572

In a communications channel, the space environment between a spacecraft and an Earth ground station can potentially cause the loss of a data link or, at least, degrade its performance due to atmospheric effects, shadowing, multipath, or other impairments. In adaptive coding and modulation, the signal power level at the receiver can be used to choose a modulation-coding technique that maximizes throughput while meeting a target bit error rate and other performance requirements. The goal of this research is to implement a generalized interacting multiple model filter based on Kalman filters for improving the received power estimation on software-defined radio technology applied to satellite communications applications. The interacting multiple model filter has been implemented in Verilog-2001 consisting of a customizable bank of Kalman filters for choosing between performance and resource utilization. Each Kalman filter is implemented using a Schur complement module. These modules were simulated and synthesized for the Virtex-II platform, which is the same FPGA family as the JPL Radio Experimenter Development System at NASA Glenn research center. The results for simulation and synthesis are presented. © 2016, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Kalman filters

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Decoupled-dynamics distributed control for strings of nonlinear autonomous agents

Decoupled-dynamics distributed control for strings of nonlin...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： Şerban Săbau Irinel-Constantin Morărescu Lucian Buşoniuz Ali Jadbabaie Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken New Jersey U.S.A. CRAN Université de Lorraine Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy France Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj-Napoca Cluj-Napoca RO Sociotechnical Systems Research Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology

We introduce a novel distributed control architecture for a class of nonlinear dynamical agents moving in the “string” formation, while guaranteeing trajectory tracking and collision avoidance. Each autonomous agent uses information and relative measurements only with respect to its predecessor in the string. The performance of the scheme is entirely scalable with respect to the number of agents in formation. The scalability is a consequence of the “decoupling” of a certain bounded approximation of the closed-loop equations, entailing that individual, local analyses of the closed-loops stability at each agent will in turn guarantee the aggregated stability of the entire formation. An efficient, practical method for compensating communications induced delays is also presented.

关键词： Decentralized control Collision avoidance Vehicle dynamics Stability analysis Delays Scalability Trajectory

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Study on BESS charging and discharging scheduling using particle swarm optimization

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Transactions of the Korean Institute of electrical Engineers 2016年第4期65卷 547-554页

作者： Park, Hyang-A Kim, Seul-Ki Kim, Eung-Sang Yu, Jung-Won Kim, Sung-Shin Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Pusan National University Korea Republic of Smart Distribution Research Center Korea Republic of

Analyze the customer daily load patterns, be used to determine the optimal charging and discharging schedule which can minimize the electrical charges through the battery energy storage system(BESS) installed in consumers is an object of this paper. BESS, which analyzes the load characteristics of customer and reduce the peak load, is essential for optimal charging and discharging scheduling to save electricity charges. This thesis proposes optimal charging and discharging scheduling method, using particle swarm optimization (PSO) and penalty function method, of BESS for reducing energy charge. Since PSO is a global optimization algorithm, best charging and discharging scheduling can be found effectively. In addition, penalty function method was combined with PSO in order to handle many constraint conditions. After analysing the load patterns of target BESS, PSO based on penalty function method was applied to get optimal charging and discharging schedule. © The Korean Institute of electrical Engineers,.© The Korean Institute of electrical Engineers.

关键词： Scheduling

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Open-source automated system for assembling a high-density microwire neural recording array

Open-source automated system for assembling a high-density m...

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International Conference on Manipulation, Automation and Robotics at Small Scales (MARSS)

作者： Travis L. Massey Joong Hwa Lee Mitas Ray Nikhil S. Sathe Xing Liu Kristofer S.J. Pister Michel M. Maharbiz Dept. Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Univeristy of California Berkeley Dept. Microelectronics and Nanoelectronics Tsinghua University Center for Neural Engineering and Prostheses (CNEP) Dept. Bioengineering University of California Berkeley

ISBN: (纸本)9781509015115

This work presents the design and implementation of an automated system for the assembly of microwire-style neural recording arrays. Intracortical recording interfaces increasingly require high channel counts, fine and compliant electrodes, and densely packed recording sites in order to extract more useful information from the brain with minimal immune response or tissue damage, enabling chronic recording. Designing and building microwire arrays to meet these requirements presents an assembly challenge that we have addressed through automated microassembly. We demonstrate a low-cost, open-source system capable of automated sub-micron positioning and feeding of 6.7 μm microfilaments through 20 μm through-silicon vias to construct a high-channel-count ultra-fine microwire neural recording array. Also included is a comparison of common micropositioning techniques, with an emphasis on accuracy, time, and monetary cost to inform the design of similar micropositioning systems.

关键词： Substrates Cameras Carbon Electrodes Microassembly Backplanes Glass

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An Optimization Algorithm for Downstream Wavelength Selection and Scheduling in WDM PON-Based Mobile Backhaul Networks

An Optimization Algorithm for Downstream Wavelength Selectio...

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Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference

作者： C. Christodoulou K. Manousakis G. Ellinas KIOS Research Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks and Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Cyprus

ISBN: (纸本)9781509000593

In this paper, a new optimization algorithm is proposed for downstream wavelength selection and scheduling (WSaS) for WDM PON-based mobile backhaul networks. The main objective of this Integer Linear Program (ILP) formulation is to improve the time delay of the packet delivery from the infrastructure to the end-users (mobile or fixed users). This is achieved through dynamic selection and scheduling of different wavelengths in a ring-based WDM-PON architecture that is utilized to backhaul mobile traffic. Heuristic algorithms implementing WSaS are also developed and compared with the ILP in terms of the packet delay for varying traffic loads.

关键词： Fi-Wi Passive Optical Networks (PONs) SG WDM-PON Wavelength Scheduling

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Multi-barrier Inter-layer Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor

Multi-barrier Inter-layer Tunnel Field-Effect Transistor

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IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting

作者： N. Prasad Xuehao Mou L. F. Register S. K. Banerjee Microelectonics Research Center and Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas at Austin TX USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781509039036

The resonant tunneling characteristics of the interlayer tunnel field-effect transistor (ITFET) within 2D van der Waals' materials can be made sharper by the use of multiple (m) intermediate well and tunnel barrier layers within a "mITFET" variation. Ballistic quantum transport simulations are used to obtain the resonance characteristics in an MoS_2 based-system, for specificity. Circuit simulations illustrate how the sharper resonance can lead to lower operating voltages and, thus, power, thereby improving the circuit performance.

关键词： mITFET MoS_2 specificity

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A brief survey of Cryptocurrency systems

A brief survey of Cryptocurrency systems

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Annual Conference on Privacy, Security and Trust, PST

作者： Ujan Mukhopadhyay Anthony Skjellum Oluwakemi Hambolu Jon Oakley Lu Yu Richard Brooks Auburn Cyber Research Center Auburn University Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Clemson University

ISBN: (纸本)9781509043804

Cryptocurrencies have emerged as important financial software systems. They rely on a secure distributed ledger data structure; mining is an integral part of such systems. Mining adds records of past transactions to the distributed ledger known as Blockchain, allowing users to reach secure, robust consensus for each transaction. Mining also introduces wealth in the form of new units of currency. Cryptocurrencies lack a central authority to mediate transactions because they were designed as peer-to-peer systems. They rely on miners to validate transactions. Cryptocurrencies require strong, secure mining algorithms. In this paper we survey and compare and contrast current mining techniques as used by major Cryptocurrencies. We evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, and possible threats to each mining strategy. Overall, a perspective on how Cryptocurrencies mine, where they have comparable performance and assurance, and where they have unique threats and strengths are outlined.

关键词： Cryptography Online banking Data mining computers Data structures Algorithm design and analysis Peer-to-peer computing

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