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High throughput, low power implementations for the DES family

WSEAS Transactions on computers 2007年第3期6卷 532-538页

作者： Manifavas, C. Papaefstathiou, I. Sotiriou, C. Technological Educational Institute Applied Informatics and Multimedia Dept. P.O. Box 1939 Heraklion Crete Greece Institute of Computer Science Foundation of Research and Technology P.O. Box 1385 Heraklion Crete Greece

Triple DES is an algorithm that was chosen as a simple way to enlarge the DES key space without an immediate need to field a new symmetric encryption algorithm, while maintaining backward compatibility with legacy systems. Eventhough, AES is the modern successor, some industries, like the electronic payments industry, still use TDES extensively and continues to develop and promulgate standards based upon it (e.g. EMV, available from EMVCo). This guarantees that TDES will remain an active cryptographic standard into the future. By design, DES and therefore TDES, suffer from slow performance in software;As a consequense TDES is better suited to hardware implementations, and this has motivated researchers to propose a variety of hardware implementations. Ccurrent trends imply that future networks will encrypt data at a low level, increasing the demand for high throughput, and are likely to be dominated by mobile terminals, thus, the power consumption and electromagnetic emissions aspects of encryption devices will be critical. This paper presents several realizations of one of the most widely used encryption algorithm, the DES/TripleDES, both in software and in hardware. We present software implementations of the algorithm running on two of the state-of-the-art Intel IXP network processors and several hardware realizations based on a standard-cell library. Moreover, by placing and routing those designs, we have also realized that the commercial ASIC synthesis tools cannot accurately predict the area and the performance of the placed & routed final netlist in such designs, since the ASIC implementations of the encrypted algorithms include a very large number of wires and a limited number of logic CMOS cells.

关键词： Cryptography

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Arabic OCR system analogous to HMM-based ASR systems;Implementation and evaluation

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Journal of Engineering and Applied Science 2007年第6期54卷 653-672页

作者： Rashwan, M.A. Fakhr, M.W. Attia, M. EL-Mahallawy, M.S. Electronics and Communications Dept. Fac. of Eng. Cairo University Giza Egypt Faculty of Computers and Informatics Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport [AASTMT] Egypt Eng. Company for the Development of Computer Systems RDI Arab Academy of Science and Technology Maritime Transport [AASTMT] Egypt

Despite 35 years of R&D on the problem of Optical character Recognition (OCR), the technology is not yet mature enough for the Arabic font-written script compared with Latin-based ones. There is still a wide room for enhancements as per: lowering the Word Error Rate "WER", standing robust in face of moderate noise, and working on an omni-font open-vocabulary basis. Among the best trials done in this regard so far comes the HMM-based ones. Elaborating on this Automatic Speech Recognition "ASR"-inspired promising approach, our team has significantly refined basic processes and modules deployed in such architectures "e.g. lines & words decomposition, features extraction, models parameters selection, language modelling, .., etc." to develop what is hoped to be a truly reliable "i.e. low WER, omni font-written, open-vocabulary, noise-robust, and responsive" Arabic OCR suitable for real-life IT applications. This paper extensively reviews the HMM-based approach for building Arabic font-written OCR's in general, and our work in specific. It also reports about the experimental results obtained so far showing that our system outperforms its rivals reported in the published literature.

关键词： Optical character recognition

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Accelerated variational Dirichlet Process mixtures 19

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20th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NIPS 2006

作者： Kurihara, Kenichi Welling, Max Vlassis, Nikos Dept. of Computer Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Bren School of Information and Computer Science UC Irvine Irvine CA 92697-3425 United States Informatics Institute University of Amsterdam Netherlands

ISBN: (纸本)9780262195683

Dirichlet Process (DP) mixture models are promising candidates for clustering applications where the number of clusters is unknown a priori. Due to computational considerations these models are unfortunately unsuitable for large scale data-mining applications. We propose a class of deterministic accelerated DP mixture models that can routinely handle millions of data-cases. The speedup is achieved by incorporating kd-trees into a variational Bayesian algorithm for DP mixtures in the stick-breaking representation, similar to that of Blei and Jordan (2005). Our algorithm differs in the use of kd-trees and in the way we handle truncation: we only assume that the variational distributions are fixed at their priors after a certain level. Experiments show that speedups relative to the standard variational algorithm can be significant.

关键词： Mixtures

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Multimodal fusion for Cued Speech language recognition

Multimodal fusion for Cued Speech language recognition

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15th European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO 2007

作者： Argyropoulos, Savvas Tzovaras, Dimitrios Strintzis, Michael G. Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki GR-54124 Greece Informatics and Telematics Institute Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Thermi-Thessaloniki GR-57001 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9788392134022

In this paper, a novel method for Cued Speech language recognition is proposed. A multimodal processing framework is developed for the efficient fusion of the modalities under consideration. The robust feature extraction from the audio, lip shape and gesture modalities is also discussed. Moreover, the inherent correlation among the signals is modelled using a modified Coupled Hidden Markov Model. The contribution of each modality to the fused decision is modified by assessing its reliability and assigning a weighting factor to improve the accuracy of the recognized words. The method is experimentally evaluated and is shown to outperform methods that rely only on the perceivable information to infer the transmitted messages. © 2007 EURASIP.

关键词： Hidden Markov models

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Extracting influential nodes for information diffusion on a social network

Extracting influential nodes for information diffusion on a ...

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AAAI-07/IAAI-07 Proceedings: 22nd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and the 19th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference

作者： Kimura, Masahiro Saito, Kazumi Nakano, Ryohei Dept. of Electronics and Informatics Ryukoku University Otsu 520-2194 Japan NTT Communication Science Labs. NTT Corporation Kyoto 619-0237 Japan Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Nagoya 466-8555 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)1577353234

We consider the combinatorial optimization problem of finding the most influential nodes on a large-scale social network for two widely-used fundamental stochastic diffusion models. It was shown that a natural greedy strategy can give a good approximate solution to this optimization problem. However, a conventional method under the greedy algorithm needs a large amount of computation, since it estimates the marginal gains for the expected number of nodes influenced by a set of nodes by simulating the random process of each model many times. In this paper, we propose a method of efficiently estimating all those quantities on the basis of bond percolation and graph theory, and apply it to approximately solving the optimization problem under the greedy algorithm. Using real-world large-scale networks including blog networks, we experimentally demonstrate that the proposed method can outperform the conventional method, and achieve a large reduction in computational cost. Copyright © 2007, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Information analysis

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Alternating-time temporal logics with irrevocable strategies 07

Alternating-time temporal logics with irrevocable strategies

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11th Conference on Theoretical Aspects of Rationality and Knowledge, TARK 2007

作者： Ågotnes, Thomas Goranko, Valentin Jamroga, Wojciech Dept. of Computer Engineering Bergen University College Bergen Norway School of Mathematics Univ. of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Department of Informatics Clausthal Univ. of Technology Clausthal Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450378413

In Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL), one can express statements about the strategic ability of an agent (or a coalition of agents) to achieve a goal φ such as: "agent i can choose a strategy such that, if i follows this strategy then, no matter what other agents do, φ will always be true". However, strategies in ATL are revocable in the sense that in the evaluation of the goal φ the agent i is no longer restricted by the strategy she has chosen in order to reach the state where the goal is evaluated. In this paper we consider alternative variants of ATL where strategies, on the contrary, are irrevocable. The difference between revocable and irrevocable strategies shows up when we consider the ability to achieve a goal which, again, involves (nested) strategic ability. Furthermore, unlike in the standard semantics of ATL, memory plays an essential role in the semantics based on irrevocable strategies.

关键词： Semantics

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Applying formal methods for the design of wireless telecommunication systems 3

Applying formal methods for the design of wireless telecommu...

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3rd International Conference on Mobile Multimedia Communications, MobiMedia 2007

作者： Antonis, Konstantinos Voros, Nikolaos S. Dept. of Informatics and Computer Technology TEI of Lamia 3rd km Old National Road Lamia Athens Lamia35100 Greece Dept. of Communication Systems and Networks TEI of Mesolonghi Ethniki Odos Antiriou Nafpaktou Varia Nafpaktos30300 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9789630626705

The increasing complexity of modern telecommunication systems is one of the main issues encountered in most telecom products. Despite the plethora of methods and tools for efficient system design, verification and validation phases are still consuming significant part of the overall design time. The proposed approach outlines the use of the B method/language for producing correct-by-construction implementations of telecommunication systems. The method described is supported by appropriate tools that automate the process of proving that system properties are maintained during the various design stages. The feasibility of the latter is evaluated in practice through the design of a real world telecom application, borrowed from the domain of wireless telecommunication networks. Copyright 2007 ICST.

关键词： Formal methods

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Canonical forms for polynomial- and quadratic differential operators on n-D behaviors 9

Canonical forms for polynomial- and quadratic differential o...

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2007 9th European Control Conference, ECC 2007

作者： Kojima, Chiaki Rapisarda, Paolo Takaba, Kiyotsugu Dept. of Information Physics and Computing Graduate School of Information Science and Technology University of Tokyo Japan ISIS Research Group School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton United Kingdom Dept. of Applied Mathematics and Physics Graduate School of Informatics Kyoto University Japan

We define the canonical representative for the equivalence class consisting of all polynomial- and quadratic differential operators that take the same values on a given subspace of C∞(Rn,Rw). We also examine the rela... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9783952417386

关键词： Differential equations

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Construction of the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese and annotation techniques

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Journal of the National Institute of Information and Communications technology 2007年第3期54卷 5-14页

作者： Uchimoto, Kiyotaka Isahara, Hitoshi Takanashi, Katsuya Takeuchi, Kazuhiro Nobata, Chikashi Morimoto, Ikuyo Yamada, Atsushi Computational Linguistic Group Knowledge Creating Communication Research Center Academic Center for Computing and Media Studies Kyoto University School of Computer Science University of Manchester Advanced Software Technology and Mechatronics Research Institute of Kyoto Dept. of Engineering Informatics Osaka Elmectro-Communication University School of Low and Politics Kwansei Gakuin University

This paper describes annotations for the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese. The information we annotated to the corpus includes morphemes, clause units, dependency structures, summaries, and discourse structures. They are integrated in the form of XML. Morphological information was semi-automatically annotated to the transcribed text by reducing the human labor cost within the framework of morphological annotation that we proposed. Next, clause unites were detected based on the morphological information as basic units for our annotation. Then, dependency structures, summaries, discourse structures were annotated based on the clause units.

关键词： Information technology

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A reverberation‐robust automatic speech recognition system based on temporal masking

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2008年第5_SUPPLEMENT期123卷 2978-2978页

作者： Guy J. Brown Kalle J. Palomäki University of Sheffield Dept. of Computer Science Regent Court 211 Portobello Street S1 4DP Sheffield UK g.brown@dcs.shef.ac.uk Adaptive Informatics Research Centre Helsinki University of Technology P.O. Box 5400 02015 Espoo Finland kalle.palomaki@tkk.fi

Previously, we have proposed a reverberation‐robust system for automatic speech recognition (ASR) based on a temporal masking principle. In the first pathway of this system, speech is analysed by a bank of auditory filters, in order to provide acoustic features for the recogniser. In the second pathway, a bandpass modulation filter (1.5 Hz ‐ 8.2 Hz) detects regions of the envelope in each filter channel that contain strong speech energy. Regions of the modulation filter output that exceed a threshold are labelled as reliable evidence for the speech in a time‐frequency mask; regions that fall below the threshold are dominated by reverberation and labelled as unreliable. The acoustic features and time‐frequency mask are then decoded by a “missing data” ASR system. Here we describe modifications of this system that bring it into closer agreement with purported mechanisms of human perceptual compensation for reverberation, as determined by psychophysical studies [Watkins & Makin, JASA 121, 257‐266]. Specifically, we use a metric for identifying regions of reliable speech that gives greater emphasis to reverberation “tails,” and is computed independently for each frequency band. The performance of the system is evaluated on a corpus of spoken digits convolved with recorded room impulse responses.

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