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Determination of Optimal Checkpoint Intervals for Quintuple Modular Redundancy Real-Time systems

Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2025年第3期74卷 506-515页

作者： Kwak, Seong Woo Yang, Jung-Min School of Electronics Engineering Kyungpook National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Control and Instrumentation Engineering Pukyong National University Korea Republic of

The paper proposes a novel checkpoint management method for a real-time system with a quintuple modular redundancy (QMR) structure wherein multiple fault detections are performed between checkpoints. If the detected faults can be overcome within the context of the QMR structure, they are recovered by simply synchronizing the state values. Otherwise, the system rollbacks to the most recent checkpoint and re-executes the task to recover from the faults. The real-time system having the QMR structure and incorporating the proposed checkpoint scheme is modeled by a Markov chain. Based on the Markov chain model, a probability equation is derived to calculate the likelihood of completing the real-time task within the deadline. The optimal number of checkpoints and fault detections maximizing the probability value are also determined. Numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the optimization procedure of the real-time system with a QMR structure using the proposed checkpoint management method. Copyright © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers.

关键词： Markov processes

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Agrobot for Inter-Row and Intra-Row Weeding 6

Agrobot for Inter-Row and Intra-Row Weeding

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6th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics, ESCI 2024

作者： Jog, Mugdha Agashe, Sudhir COEP Technological University Dept. of Instrumentation and Control Engineering Pune India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350306613

Strengthening the backbone of small farmers by developing small-sized automated machines will strengthen India as labour is scarce nowadays. Weeds are undesirable plants in a farm that substantially reduce crop yield and quality. Farmers often spend a lot of resources to reduce their impact unsuccessfully. Weed control costs 33% of the total cost of cultivation. Though intra-row weeds are 25% and inter-row weeds are 75% of the total weeds present on the farm, intra-row weeds are more dangerous than inter-row weeds. Also, they are difficult to remove. The proposed autonomous weeder is a prototype model that operates on a rechargeable electric battery. While going through a row, weeds are removed between two rows by flat and sharp blades (inter-row operation) on both sides. Simultaneously photos of space between two crops in one row are captured by the camera. Image processing and classification are done using Raspberry Pi, a machine learning model, and artificial intelligence. The detected weeds are removed by flat and sharp blades weeding tool attached to the mechanical linkage centrally (intra-row operation). Raspberry Pi is also used for controlling the pneumatic actuator, and motor. Testing of the machine in farms is in progress. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： artificial intelligence autonomous weeder inter-row intra-row weeding machine learning

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Closed-Loop System Identification of an Unstable Nonlinear System Using Koopman Operator 4

Closed-Loop System Identification of an Unstable Nonlinear S...

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4th International Symposium on instrumentation, control, Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics, ICA-SYMP 2025

作者： Maneeloke, Benjaset Boonto, Sudchai Sanposh, Peerayot Tipsuwan, Yodyium Chinthaned, Natthawut Tanaprasitpattana, Warit Kasetsart University Dept. of Electrical Engineering Bangkok Thailand King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi Dept. of Control Systems and Instrumentation Engineering Bangkok Thailand Kasetsart University Dept. of Computer Engineering Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9798331505400

This paper presents a novel methodology for closed-loop system identification of unstable nonlinear systems using the Koopman operator with Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition with control (EDMDc). The study highlights the critical role of selecting appropriate observable functions to develop accurate and efficient Koopman models. We demonstrate that the resulting Koopman models exhibit excellent fitting and validation properties and retain the stabilizability of the original nonlinear systems. These models are verified through time and frequency responses under closed-loop control using a Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), confirming their effectiveness. Future work will extend this framework to more complex systems and incorporate machine learning techniques to refine the selection of observable functions. This approach aims further to enhance the adaptability and robustness of Koopman-based control strategies. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Dynamic mode decomposition

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Digital Retail Shop Services in Cyber-Physical Retail System: A Case Study of Food Business 3

Digital Retail Shop Services in Cyber-Physical Retail System...

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3rd International Symposium on instrumentation, control, Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics, ICA-SYMP 2023

作者： Yensabai, Chavapol Ngoenthai, Waranyu Leangarun, Teema Koolpiruck, Diew King's Mongkut University of Technology Thonburi Dept. of Control Systems and Instrumentation Engineering Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781665473538

Food demand is expected to grow substantially as a result of major factors such as population. It necessitates that food manufacturers streamline their supply chain to accommodate shorter product life cycles. To manage sustainable food solutions and successful supply chain management, cyber-physical systems at the supply chain level attempt to challenge the integration of data from suppliers, manufacturing, logistics, and retail. The implementation of Cyber-Physical Retail systems (CPRS) was developed to sense and analyze dynamic market environments to modify sales and shop operation activities. The data were collected from several ERP modules and operational technology (OT) data. The shop CPS was managed using the OSIsoft-PI platform, which is based on service-oriented architecture (SOA) and then integrated into the Enterprise Cloud. The customer analytics service in CPRS was used as an example of a self-aware concept to notify the sales function and was implemented on the Azure platform. The results show that churn prediction in retail shops can be detected monthly for warning sales staff based on the customer object goal. The models that were used are RF, LR and GBC. The overall performance of GBC outperforms all measures with 78.05% accuracy. While the remaining were around 65%. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Cyber Physical System

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Solar-Powered EV Charging and Adaptive Irrigation System

Solar-Powered EV Charging and Adaptive Irrigation System

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2024 IEEE Region 10 Symposium, TENSYMP 2024

作者： Kumar, Shashwat Miglani, Yash Tomar, Anuradha Netaji Subhas University of Technology Dept. of Instrumentation & Control Engineering New Delhi India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364866

Solar photovoltaic (PV) irrigation systems are emerging as a promising technology for regions with high solar irradiance and unreliable grid electricity. However, their intermittent use necessitates capacity optimization. To address this issue, this paper proposes a solar-powered system that integrates adaptive irrigation and electric vehicle (EV) charging. In order to maximize utilization of energy depending upon the demand in real time, the system dynamically divides power from the PV array between an EV battery and an induction motor for irrigation. This study demonstrates that when the PV power decreases from 2.6 kW to 1.58 kW, the EV battery compensates by discharging approximately 1 kW. This illustrates how the EV battery adjusts for periods of lower PV output by transferring energy to the irrigation motor, guaranteeing continued optimal functioning. The irrigation system employs a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to optimize water flow rate by adjusting rotor speed via the voltage-hertz (V/f) method, based on soil moisture and temperature. At 44°C and 50% soil moisture level, the FLC evaluates a reference synchronous speed of 1200 RPM to precisely align the water flow rate with soil requirements. This integrated approach addresses inefficiencies in the conventional PV irrigation model. The proposed system is validated through MATLAB Simulink®. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Soil moisture

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ML based Non-Invasive Diabetes Detection System using Pulse Decomposition Analysis of PPG Signal 8

ML based Non-Invasive Diabetes Detection System using Pulse ...

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8th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication, ICSC 2022

作者： Shaan, Bhavya Yadav, Jyoti Prabha, Anju Dept. of Instrumentation and Control Engineering Delhi India Dept. of Instrumentation and Control Engineering Delhi India

ISBN: (纸本)9781665454308

In this paper, Pulse Decomposition Analysis (PDA) of Photoplethysmography (PPG) and physiological parameters is used to develop Non-Invasive (NI) Diabetes Detection system. For this study, dataset of 217 participants from normal, diabetes and prediabetes subjects are used. Further signals are segmented in 5sec window which is filtered using bandpass filter to remove noise. After filtration PDA features are extracted from PPG signal. A total of seven features are extracted. In addition to this physiological parameter such as age, weight and height of the participants are also used as features. For classification a matrix of (7886 times 10) is formed containing seven PPG features and three physiological parameters. Dataset is classified under three classes i.e., Diabetic, Pre-diabetic, and Normal. Two commonly known machine learning classification learning algorithm i.e., ensemble and decision Trees are used for classification. The results shows that 99.3% accuracy is obtained using ensemble tree method. The study shows feasibility of wearable device for non-invasive diabetes detection. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Decision trees

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Cable Conductance Estimation Method Based on Reflectometry

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Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2024年第12期73卷 2444-2448页

作者： Choe, Jin-Wook Lee, Chun-Kwon Dept. of Control and Instrumentation Engineering Pukyong National University Korea Republic of Power Cable Research Center Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute Korea Republic of

This paper proposes a optimization method for estimating the conductance of cable insulation, a parameter closely related to the dielectric losses and overall health of the cable. The proposed method utilizes a stepped frequency waveform reflectometry technique, which injects a frequency range of sinusoidal signals into the cable and analyzes the reflected signals to assess the attenuation and phase shift caused by the cable's physical and electrical properties. By optimizing the conductance based on the measured reflection coefficients and applying the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to minimize errors, the method accurately estimates the internal conductance of the cable's insulation layer. The ability to quantitatively assess and monitor conductance over time provides a valuable tool for early detection of insulation degradation and prediction of remaining cable life. Copyright © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers.

关键词： Dielectric losses

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Design and Analysis of Binary into Gray code converter using Cadence 180nm Technology 1

Design and Analysis of Binary into Gray code converter using...

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1st International Conference on Innovations in Communications, Electrical and Computer engineering, ICICEC 2024

作者： Varshini, N. Siddeshwara Prasad, V. Siddaganga Institute Of Technology Vlsi Design and Embedded Systems Dept. of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Tumakuru572103 India Siddaganga Institute Of Technology Dept. of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Tumakuru572103 India

ISBN: (数字)9798350376517

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376517

This work involves designing a Binary into Gray code conversion system of an XOR gate constructed from NAND gates. The circuit employs Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) transistors to prioritize chip size, as CMOS designs are often preferred for their compactness. The Binary into Gray code transformer is beneficial for system designers by facilitating error correction and reducing data errors in Analog to Digital converters, thus aiding in Digital Signal Processing. Power usage and area are standard metrics for very large-scale integrated circuits. In proposed paper, the standard power that is used and area of the Binary into Gray code converter had a NAND gate-based XOR gate have been examined using nano-dimensional MOS transistors with a 180nm channel length technology. The circuit's verification and functionality have been directed using Cadence Virtuoso software, a leading tool for design and verification across semiconductor process nodes. Compared to various design methodologies, our proposed work excels with a consuming power 20.24 μW and a compact area of 192.6 μm2, significantly outperforming other designs in these metrics, despite a slightly higher delay of 56.8 ps. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： CMOS integrated circuits

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Development of Real-Time Oxygen and Temperature Monitoring System with CI/CD Pipeline Integration and HMI 1

Development of Real-Time Oxygen and Temperature Monitoring S...

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1st International Conference on Advances in Computer Science, Electrical, Electronics, and Communication Technologies, CE2CT 2025

作者： Kolte, Gaurav Amar Gunnal, Aditya Kolhare, Nilima R. COEP Technological University Dept. of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Pune411005 India COEP Technological University Dept. of Instrumentation and Control Engineering Pune411005 India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331518578

The steel manufacturing industry stands as the backbone of global infrastructure development, providing the raw materials essential for constructing everything from skyscrapers to automobiles. Central to this industry's efficiency is the performance of its furnaces, where the transformation of raw materials into high-quality steel occurs. Steel furnace environments require precise monitoring of parameters like temperature and oxygen levels to ensure efficiency, safety, and compliance with environmental standards. This paper presents a novel monitoring device designed to address these needs while incorporating modern software development practices. The device offers real-time monitoring and graph visualization of temperature and oxygen levels, surpassing conventional methods. It introduces the integration of Git, Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, Real-Time Operating systems (RTOS) and diagnostic tools, enhancing reliability and facilitating seamless updates. This amalgamation of hardware and software engineering replaces outdated monitoring systems. Through its multifaceted capabilities, this research contributes significantly to the evolution of smart, interconnected industrial systems, promising improved performance and safety in steel furnace operations. The NXP LPC 55s69 micro-controller unit is used for the computation of oxygen and temperature from a zirconia-based oxygen sensor and thermocouple using nernst-einstein equation. For integration of the device with a PLC control we have used RS232 and RS485 communication protocols. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Thermocouples

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New Environment Exploration Algorithm combining Bug, Free Segment and Turning Point Algorithm for Multi-Robot System 9

New Environment Exploration Algorithm combining Bug, Free Se...

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9th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies, CONECCT 2023

作者： Abhishek, P. Potanpalli, Adarsh Pandey, Karnika Sridevi, V. National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Dept. Instrumentation and Control Engineering Trichy India National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli Instrumentation and Control Engineering Trichy India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350334395

Exploration and mapping of an unknown environment is a challenging task and using a single robot is time consuming and inefficient. Multi Robot System(MRS) is used to reduces exploration time as well as to cover larger areas and produces accurate maps. This work focuses on development of new environment exploration algorithm for multi robot system which combines the features of Bug, Free segmentation and turning point algorithms. The Proposed algorithm utilizes capabilities of three mobile robots and tested on simulated outdoor environment with static obstacles. Two sub robots are equipped with LiDAR sensors and are used to explore the region between initial and target location. The point cloud generated by LiDAR sensors of the two robots is shared with the main/mother robot to generate an occupancy map. Mother robot execute A∗ path planning algorithm on the occupancy map to find the shortest path and moves towards the target location. Proposed algorithm has low computational requirements and significantly reduces the time required to explore the given environment. Further, the performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with existing algorithms in terms of the time required to explore the environment and generate occupancy map. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Multipurpose robots

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