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Muscle focus: A new biomechanical-based index on the selectivity of EMG activity and its application in quantifying the muscle coactivation patterns during isometric torque generation at the elbow and shoulder

Muscle focus: A new biomechanical-based index on the selecti...

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Conference Proceedings - 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC 2004

作者： Yao, Jun Acosta, Ana Maria Dewald, Jules Dept. of Physical Therapy Science Northwestern University IL United States Department of Physical Med. Northwestern University IL United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University IL United States Sensory Motor Performance Program Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago IL United States

Electromyographic (EMG) recordings are widely used in the study of sensorimotor and neuromuscular systems, more specifically, in the measurement of the muscle activation patterns during isometric torque generation at the elbow and shoulder. In this paper, we introduce a new biomechanics based index of muscle focus. This new index quantifies the degree of selectivity in muscle activation during a shoulder/elbow motor task with a scalar. The muscle focus takes into account both muscle co-activation and muscle co-contraction (which is a special case of co-activation caused by activation of agonist and antagonist muscles about a single joint).

关键词： Muscle

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Transistor characteristics of thermal CVD carbon nanotubes field emission triode

Transistor characteristics of thermal CVD carbon nanotubes f...

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International Conference on Vacuum Nanoelectronics (IVNC)

作者： Y.M. Wong W.P. Kang J.L. Davidson W. Hofmeister S. Wei J.H. Huang Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt Univ. Nashville TN USA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Material Science Vanderbilt Univ. Nashville TN USA Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua Univ. Hsinchu Taiwan ROC

In this paper, the study of thermal CVD grown CNT field emitters in a triode amplifier configuration is reported. The DC characteristics of the CNT triode are investigated, including I/sub a/ vs. V/sub a/ for different V/sub g/. Moreover, DC parameters such as transconductance, amplification factor and anode resistance of the triode amplifier are determined. It was shown that a higher amplification factor can be achieved with optimum gate-anode-cathode spacing such that the cathode is effectively shielded from the anode by the gate but the anode still collects all electrons emitted from the cathode. High emission current at low gate voltage is key to achieving high transconductance. This can be obtained by optimum configuration of high-density CNTs array in a triode structure with a common gate.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes Voltage Anodes Materials science and technology Current measurement Palladium Silicon Furnaces Temperature Cathodes

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A New Technique of Tissue Repair for Ophthalmic Surgery

A New Technique of Tissue Repair for Ophthalmic Surgery

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作者： Hoffman, Grant T. Soller, Eric C. Bloom, Jeffrey N. Duffy, Mark T. Heintzelman, Douglas L. McNally-Heintzelman, Karen M. Biomedical Engineering Program Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Terre Haute IN 47803 United States Dept. of Ophthalmol. and Vis. Sci. Univ. of Illinois Coll. of Medicine Chicago IL 60612 United States Department of Radiology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02114 United States Advent Surgical Innovations LLC Cambridge MA 02141 United States

Ophthalmic surgery currently utilizes suture materials to repair wounds created during eye operations. Although effective, suture-based techniques can result in complications that further impair the patient's vision, such as retinal detachment and scleral perforation associated with strabismus (eye muscle) surgery. Two techniques currently under development avoid sutures altogether, yielding similar strength results, reduced operating time, and simpler methods of repair. The first of these techniques employs a light-activated scaffold-enhanced protein solder to re-adhere the tissue. The second technique utilizes commercially available bioadhesives that have been scaffold-enhanced to improve their handling characteristics. A comparison of these two techniques is given. Initial tensile strength results show a higher strength of repair when a scaffold is utilized, with significantly less variations within each experimental group. Repairs formed using the scaffold-enhanced cyanoacrylate adhesives were the strongest. The tensile strength of extraocular muscle-to-sclera adhesions was 72% stronger than cyanoacrylate alone (4.2 ± 0.2 N vs. 2.4 ± 0.4 N) and 78% stronger than native tissue (2.3 ± 0.4 N). Sclera-to-sclera adhesions were 60% stronger than adhesions formed with cyanoacrylate alone (3.9 ± 0.2 N vs. 2.5 ± 0.4 N), while tensile strength of extraocular muscle-to-extraocular muscle adhesions were 81% of native extraocular muscle tensile strength (5.6 ± 0.2 N vs. 6.2 ± 0.3 N), and 50% stronger than adhesions formed using cyanoacrylate alone (3.6 ± 0.4 N). The data analysis and resulting conclusion favor the less invasive adhesive technique as an alternative for tissue reattachment during ophthalmic procedures. Future experiments will examine the optimization of application parameters and detail tensile strength time course studies.

关键词： biomedical engineering

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Development of an integrated home telemedicine system

Development of an integrated home telemedicine system

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IEEE EMBS Asian-Pacific Conference on biomedical engineering 2003, APBME 2003

作者： Chun, Honggu Kim, Ki-Jung Kangl, Jae Min Kim, Hee Chan Interdisciplinary Program in Medical and Biological Engineering Major Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Dept. of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)0780379438

We developed an integrated home telemedicine system equipped with automatic diagnosis and consultation function for patients with chronic disease such as cardiac disease, respiratory disease, diabetes and hypertension. The system measures standard 12ch ECG, respiratory function, blood glucose level and noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP). The measured data were stored on the system and transmitted to the central server everyday through the internet. The system performed automatic diagnosis at every measurement and offered medical consultation to the patient If there was any abnormality in the diagnostic result, the system gave a real time alarm to the healthcare center for adequate teleconsultation or medical service. We have installed the developed system on an apartment for the performance evaluation and confirmed the possibility of the system as an effective tool for the telemedicine. © 2003 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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A home-based bedside monitoring system of ECG via bluetooth protocol

A home-based bedside monitoring system of ECG via bluetooth ...

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IEEE EMBS Asian-Pacific Conference on biomedical engineering 2003, APBME 2003

作者： Seo, Jin Woo Ryu, Myung Suk Park, Kwang Suk Jeong, Do-Un Interdisciplinary Program-Biomedical Engineering Major Graduate School Seoul National University Korea Republic of Advanced Biometric Research Center Seoul National University Korea Republic of Department of Biomedical Engineering Seoul National University College of Medicine Korea Republic of Dept. of Psychiatry Div. of Sleep Studies Seoul Nat'l Univ. College of Medicine and Hospital Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)0780379438

Despite that ECG(electrocardiogram) provides substantial amount of information about a monitored patient, it has limitations when monitored remotely. In order to overcome long wire and channel interference problems of monitoring, wc used a certified Bluetooth Protocol and developed a home-based bedside ECG monitoring system. Bluetooth Protocol enabled the real-time transfer of ECG data via wireless communication with display and storage on PC(pcrsonal computer). We wore also able to retransmit the stored data to other site via TCP/IP. This system has clinical utility for unconstrained monitoring of ECG at bedside not only at home but also in hospital settings. © 2003 IEEE.

关键词： Electrocardiograms

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Outcomes of a biomedical engineering design education workshop

Outcomes of a biomedical engineering design education worksh...

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2003 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition: Staying in Tune with engineering Education

作者： King, Paul H. Walker, Joan Brophy, Sean Goldberg, Jay Fries, Rich Gassert, John Yock, Paul Vanderbilt University Marquette University Datex-Ohmeda Milwaukee School of Engineering Stanford University Learning Technology Center Vanderbit Hlthcare. Technol. Mgmt. Program Department of Biomedical Engineering Marquette University Datex-Ohmeda Madison Electrical Engineering Department Milwaukee School of Engineering Dept. of Cardiovascular Medicine

A full day biomedical engineering design education workshop was held on October 22, 2002 in conjunction with the joint IEEE-EMBS/BMES conference in Houston. Attendees were from both University and Industry backgrounds. Eight subject areas relating to the teaching and conduct of design courses were discussed. These topics included placement of the courses in the curriculum, course objectives, solicitation and management of projects, possible sponsored national or international design contests, and industry sponsorship of project groups. Extensive notes and concept maps were generated for each of the topics discussed as the group met as a "committee of the whole." The essence of the discussions provided a good general overview of the need by design instructors for mutual sharing of resources and of industry input to design courses, both in lecture content and in sponsorship of relevant design challenges. The group considers that there are several action items that will need to be addressed as time allows, such as: 1. the development of a communication medium, such as a design oriented section (page) of the IEEE-EMBS magazine, 2. the continued development of design overview web sites, 3. the sharing of design lecture and source material, and 4. the development and sponsorship of a national design competition.

关键词： engineering education

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Novel calcium phosphate composite bone cement: Strength and bonding properties

Novel calcium phosphate composite bone cement: Strength and ...

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作者： Roemhildt, M.L. McGee, T.D. Wagner, S.D. Biomedical Engineering Program Iowa State University Ames IA United States Dept. of Mat. Sci. and Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA United States Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State University Ames IA United States

A new high-strength cement prepared from calcium phosphate and calcium aluminate has been developed and was evaluated for potential use in bone and joint repair applications. Cement specimens were aged under simulated physiological conditions. The compressive strength of the cement was determined at time intervals 1 h after setting up to 52 weeks. A compressive strength of 111.6 ± 12.9 MPa was measured at 4 weeks, with the cement attaining 64% of this maximum strength within 4 h of preparation. Compressive strength greater than 90 MPa was maintained up to 52 weeks. The strength of the cement-prosthesis interface was studied using a pull-out test. Polished, 316L stainless steel rods were implanted in canine cadaver femurs to simulate a cemented hip prosthesis. At 4, 24 h, and 60 days post implantation, the force required to displace the rod was measured. Mean interfacial shear strengths of 1.17 ± 0.25, 1.11 ± 0.21, and 1.11 ± 0.32 MPa were observed at respective time-periods. © 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

关键词： Bone cement

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A silicon-micromachined pin for contact droplet printing

A silicon-micromachined pin for contact droplet printing

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IEEE Sixteenth Annual International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems

作者： Tsai, Jane Gin Fai Chen, Zugen Nelson, Stanley Kim, Chang-Jin Biomedical Eng. Inter-Dept. Program University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Human Genetics Department University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States Mech. and Aerosp. Engineering Dept. University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA United States

This paper reports the design and fabrication of a micromachined silicon pin that serves as a novel contact-printing tool. More specific application is in the DNA and protein microarray field for small and precise droplet printing onto a solid support. Our goal is to develop low cost, high performance silicon pins as simple replacement of the stainless-steel pins used in typical microarray robots. The test results show an average droplet size of 38 μm in diameter, compared with over 100 μm for the commercial pins, as well as more consistent droplet sizes.

关键词： Microelectronic processing

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Finite-Element Simulation of Cooling of Realistic 3-D Human Head and Neck

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Journal of Biomechanical engineering 2003年第6期125卷 832-840页

作者： Dennis, Brian H. Eberhart, Robert C. Dulikravich, George S. Radons, Steve W. Indust. Sci. Collab. Research Center Institute of Industrial Science University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba Muguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan Department of Surgery Biomedical Engineering Program Univ. of Texas SW. Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas TX 75390-9130 United States Dept. of Mech. and Aerosp. Eng. MAIDO Institute University of Texas Arlington TX 76019 United States Research and Development Medtronic Physio-Control Corporation 11811 Willows Road NE Redmond WA 98073-9706 United States

Rapid cooling of the brain in the first minutes following the onset of cerebral ischemia is a potentially attractive preservation method. This computer modeling study was undertaken to examine brain-cooling profiles in response to various external cooling methods and protocols, in order to guide the development of cooling devices suitable for deployment on emergency medical vehicles. The criterion of successful cooling is taken to be the attainment of a 33°C average brain temperature within 30 min of treatment. The transient cooling of an anatomically correct realistic 3-D head and neck with realistically varying local tissue properties was numerically simulated using the finite-element method (FEM). The simulations performed in this study consider ice packs applied to head and neck as well as using a head-cooling helmet. However, it was found that neither of these cooling approaches satisfies the 33°C temperature within 30 min. This central conclusion of insubstantial cooling is supported by the modest enhancements reported in experimental investigations of externally applied cooling. The key problem is overcoming the protective effect of warm blood perfusion, which reaches the brain via the uncooled carotid arterial supply and effectively blocks the external cooling wave from advancing to the core of the brain. The results show that substantial cooling could be achieved in conjunction with neck cooling if the blood speed in the carotid artery is reduced from normal by a factor of 10. The results suggest that additional cooling means should be explored, such as cooling of other pertinent parts of the human anatomy.

关键词： Biomechanics

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Computer-based analysis of heart rate variability signal for detection of sleep disordered breathing in children

Computer-based analysis of heart rate variability signal for...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： H. Nazaren Y. Pamula A. Gradziel K. Ung S. Vijendra K. Behbehani Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng. Texas Univ. El Paso TX USA Department of Pulmonary Medicine Women's and Children's Hospital Adelaide Australia School of Informatics and Engineering Flinders University Adelaide Australia Biomedical Engineering Program University of Texas at Arlington USA

A computer-based analysis system was developed to display and analyze heart rate variability (HRV). ECG, oxygen saturation and respiratory signals (airflow, abdominal and thoracic movements), were used as raw data. The heart rate variability signal was derived from ECG by applying a Hilbert transform-based algorithm for reliable QRS complex detection. Following the guidelines suggested by the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society for Pacing and Electrophysiology, appropriate time-domain and frequency-domain methods were used for HRV signal analysis. Autoregressive modeling of the HRV power spectrum was achieved by implementing the Burg algorithm. Three main spectral features were clearly distinguished in the heart rate variability signal spectrum from polysomnographic recordings of different sleep stages and were correlated with respiratory parameters. The integrated graphical user interface was developed using LabView and the signal processing algorithms were implemented using Matlab application programs. In this paper we present an overview of the system and analyze pilot data for two children undergoing nocturnal polysomnography. The pilot data demonstrated that the HRV analysis system may potentially distinguish between periods of normal and sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children.

关键词： Signal analysis Heart rate variability Signal detection Heart rate detection Sleep Signal processing algorithms Computer displays Electrocardiography Abdomen Power system reliability

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