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Multi-primer-based environmental DNA survey for vertebrate biodiversity monitoring in protected island wetlands

GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION 2025年 58卷

作者： Kim, Gawoo Kang, Yujin Song, Youngkeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture Grad Sch Environm Studies 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

Considering the natural and anthropogenic threats to natural ecosystems, monitoring the biodiversity of the protected areas and their subzones is necessary. The Korea National Park Service conducted the Natural Resource Survey (NRS) to monitor biodiversity in Korea's national parks;however, various species and the extensive survey regions, including inaccessible islands and mountains, hinder the consistent collection of data within limited resources. Environmental DNA (eDNA) might be a potential solution to provide non-invasive, standardized, and efficient biodiversity monitoring. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of eDNA metabarcoding for monitoring vertebrate biodiversity in ecologically sensitive and inaccessible protected island wetlands. We detected 35 vertebrate species in Jangdo and Baenanggimill wetlands of the Heuksan Archipelago, South Korea, using three primer sets specific to birds, mammals, and fish. Combining eDNA with NRS data increased species richness by 35.3 % in Jangdo Wetland and 10.2 % in Baenanggimill Wetland, demonstrating the efficiency of multi-primer eDNA in rapidly detecting species with minimal intervention. Moreover, eDNA identified five species that are difficult to see due to their underwater habitat or morphological similarity before the second round of NRS. However, regarding bird species detection, aqueous eDNA had lower recall than NRS, demanding technological improvements to enhance its applicability. Our findings indicate that eDNA might complement traditional survey methods to enhance biodiversity monitoring in protected areas, particularly in challenging environments such as remote island wetlands. We hope this work contributes to improving the planning of conservation and restoration efforts for threatened ecosystems.

关键词： EDNA metabarcoding Protected areas Natural Resource Survey (NRS) National Park Biodiversity assessment Island ecosystems

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Finite element-based spatial distribution model for slope stability during earthquakes

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EARTHQUAKES AND STRUCTURES 2025年第2期28卷 149-159页

作者： Yi, Zheongzun Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Urban Design Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea

The recent increase in earthquakes in Korea, including those in Kyeong-Ju and Pohang, has caused significant damage and landslides in surrounding areas. This study investigated earthquake-induced landslides to identify ways to reduce the risk of damage caused by slope instability. Landslide risk was assessed through finite element analysis of the slope factor of safety using topographic and geological data of the Pohang region combined with actual earthquake observations. A path was established to evaluate the slope stability and hazards at the end of the slope. The results of this study were compared with the landslide hazard map and showed good agreement, validating the accuracy of the model. In addition, the analysis of different paths provided quantitative and precise information about slope boundaries. Landslide hazards increase under earthquake conditions. Obtaining a quantitative factor of safety provides valuable information for designing slopes and adjacent areas.

关键词： earthquakes finite element modeling landslides seismicity slopes-stabilization

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Effect of forest fires on housing prices: Case study from Pohang City, South Korea

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 2025年 116卷

作者： Kim, Haeryung Yoon, Heeyeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

Urban forest fires have become a global concern, severely impacting human lives, property, and the environment. Pohang City in South Korea experienced its first urban forest fire on March 9-10, 2013, significantly damaging residential areas due to the city's expansion into mountainous regions. This study uses a Regression Discontinuity Design to analyze the effects of the fire on housing prices in Pohang. The results show a notable price decline near the fire-damaged areas, with a 16.5 % drop within the 50-m zone and a 6.9 % decrease within the 400-m zone. The negative impact persists, with a 6 % reduction within the 1000-m zone after a two-month lag. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of urban forest fires in real estate markets. The study offers valuable insights into the complex relationship between urban forest fires and housing prices, providing guidance for disaster preparedness, risk mitigation, and recovery efforts.

关键词： Climate change Regression discontinuity design (RDD) Urban area Spatial analysis Disaster's economic impact

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Mitigating urban heat island effects through leadership in energy and environmental design evaluation and blue-green infrastructure: Applying the hazard capacity factor design model for urban thermal resilience

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2025年 124卷

作者： Kim, Jaekyoung Lee, Gunwon Park, Samuel Kang, Junsuk Gangneung Wonju Natl Univ Dept Environm Landscape Architecture Kangnung 25457 South Korea Korea Univ Dept Architecture Seoul 02841 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Ctr Reg Climate Crisis Response Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study aimed to evaluate urban heat island (UHI) mitigation strategies by applying the Hazard Capacity Factor Design (HCFD) model, which was initially developed for urban flooding, to assess the effectiveness of blue-green infrastructure in enhancing urban resilience to extreme heat. UHIs exacerbate the impacts of climate change, particularly in densely populated areas with limited green spaces. This study utilized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations along with sensor data from Seongdong-gu, Seoul, to evaluate climate adaptation strategies, including cooling fog and green infrastructure, both individually and in combination. The results indicate that the HCFD model can effectively assess urban thermal resilience, with R2 values exceeding 0.9 for all monitoring points. The combination of cooling fog and green infrastructure showed significant interaction effects, with a conservative interaction effect of approximately 3.97 degrees C cooling at a wind speed of 1 m/s. These findings underscore the potential of the HCFD model to inform data-driven urban planning and improve climate adaptation strategies, thereby contributing to the development of resilient urban environments. Future research should explore the broader applicability of the HCFD model to other urban climate risks and assess the long-term impacts of integrated adaptation measures.

关键词： HCFD model Urban heat islands (UHIs) Disaster mitigation Interaction design Smart infrastructure Green infrastructure

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Unveiling differential impacts of multidimensional urban morphology on heat island effect across local climate zones: Interpretable CatBoost-SHAP machine learning model

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BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2025年 270卷

作者： Liu, Qiqi Hang, Tian Wu, Yunfei Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Landscape Architecture Nanjing Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul 08826 South Korea Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Art & Design Nanjing Peoples R China

Classifying local climate zones (LCZ) improves the understanding of how urban morphology affects the urban heat island (UHI) effect. However, differences in driving mechanisms across various LCZ types are often overlooked, leading to a lack of targeted UHI mitigation measures for different LCZ types. In this study, we took Shenzhen as a case study and employed a novel interpretable CatBoost-SHAP machine learning model to evaluate the contributions of multidimensional urban morphology factors to the UHI effect across various LCZ types. We found that the driving mechanisms in different LCZ types have both commonalities and differences. For all LCZ types, the blue-green space ratio (BGSR), digital elevation model (DEM), albedo (AL), and mean building height (MBH) consistently exhibited significant negative impacts on the UHI effect, whereas space crowding degree (SCD) showed a positive impact. Although some factors such as sky view factor (SVF), building shape index (BSI), and surface unfolding ratio (SUR) also contributed to the UHI effect, the positive and negative correlations are reversed across different LCZ types. Additionally, factors such as green view index (GVI) and patch density (PD) had a greater influence on land cover types compared to built types. These findings reveal the complex interactions between urban morphology and the UHI effect, underscoring the necessity of investigating the driving mechanisms across various LCZ types. Our study can provide valuable insights for urban planners and policy- makers to develop targeted mitigation strategies for specific LCZ types, thereby effectively alleviating the UHI effect.

关键词： Urban heat island effect Multidimensional urban morphology Local climate zone Category Boosting SHapley additive exPlanations Interpretable machine learning

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Evaluation of spatial and temporal variability in Sentinel-2 surface reflectance on a rice paddy landscape

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AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY 2025年 363卷

作者： Choi, Wonseok Ryu, Youngryel Kong, Juwon Jeong, Sungchan Lee, Kyungdo Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Yale Univ Yale Sch Environm New Haven CT 06511 USA Natl Inst Agr Sci Rural Dev Adm Busan South Korea

High spatial resolution spaceborne remote sensing systems provide a new data source for agricultural applications. As a key deliverable, surface reflectance (SR) enables immediate and non-destructive estimation of crop status, thus the demand for reliable pixelwise SR is increasing. However, the evaluations are typically conducted on pseudo-invariant areas and the reliability of pixelwise SR has not been thoroughly examined over heterogenous, dynamic surfaces. In this study, we evaluated pixelwise Sentinel-2 (S2) SR on a rice paddy landscape across seasons using drone-based hyperspectral images and tower-based continuous hyperspectral observations as the ground references. We also examined the impact of spatial and atmospheric properties on S2 SR. Overall, S2 SR showed strong linear relationships with the ground references (the overall R2 > 0.8). The residual errors were influenced by sub-pixel geolocation errors (0.01-0.017 (2.1-11.8 %)), a widen PSF (0.007 (7.6 %) for red) and underestimated AOT retrievals (0.027 (40.7 %) for blue). Notably, atmospheric adjacency effects broadened the PSF, causing the consistency of S2 with the ground reference image to depend on the landscape's heterogeneity. Our findings outlined the key factors contributing to uncertainties in S2 SR, which could affect downstream products like vegetation indices and leaf area index. Considering these factors would enhance remote sensing of landscapes with high contrast in reflectance and elevated aerosol loadings, such as urban, savanna, wetland and dry agricultural land.

关键词： Aerosol Drone Point spread function Sentinel-2 Surface reflectance

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Evaluating the Cooling Effects and Building Energy-Saving Potential of Vegetation and Albedo: A Case Study of Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea

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BUILDINGS 2025年第4期15卷 597-597页

作者： Wang, Yuedong Zhang, Yuhan Song, Younkeun Lee, Junga Li, Guanlin Song, Zipeng Zhou, Zhicheng Zhang, Junxue Xu, Jiacong Li, Jingang Li, Yingnan Jiangsu Univ Dept Environm Design Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Seoul 08826 South Korea Korea Univ Div Environm Sci & Ecol Engn Seoul 02841 South Korea Jiangsu Univ Sch Environm & Safety Engn Zhenjiang 212013 Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Jiangsu Univ Sci & Technol Sch Civil Engn & Architecture Zhenjiang 212100 Peoples R China Jilin Jianzhu Univ Sch Architecture & Urban Planning Changchun 130119 Peoples R China Korea Univ OJeong Resilience Inst Seoul 02841 South Korea Southeast Univ Sch Architecture Dept Landscape Architecture Nanjing 210096 Peoples R China

Numerous studies have explored the cooling and energy-saving effects of vegetation and reflective materials under extreme heat conditions in urban residential areas. However, few have explored the synergistic effects of vegetation and albedo, particularly in low-rise, high-density residential areas. Therefore, this study selected six typical low-rise, high-density residential areas in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, based on the neighborhood characteristics. This study investigated the cooling effects and energy-saving potential of vegetation and cooling materials through the development of five simulation scenarios. These included original conditions, the application of highly reflective cooling materials, increased vegetation cover, the removal of vegetation cover, and a comprehensive strategy combining cooling materials with enhanced vegetation. These scenarios were analyzed using ENVI-met and DesignBuilder to evaluate their impact on the microclimate and building energy consumption. The results reveal the following: (1) Cooling materials can lower air temperatures by 1.9 degrees C, saving 10.37% in energy consumption during the summer, demonstrating a greater efficiency in reducing air temperature and energy use. (2) Vegetation slightly reduces daytime air temperatures but hampers nighttime cooling in dense low-rise areas, increasing energy demand. Shrubs or grass are preferable to tall trees. (3) Cooling materials had a stronger correlation with energy consumption reduction compared to vegetation. Hence, combining cooling materials with strategically placed vegetation and controlling vegetation size maximized cooling and energy-saving benefits. This study provides valuable insights for urban planners and designers, offering guidance for improving urban microclimates, reducing building energy use, and achieving carbon neutrality goals.

关键词： detached residence microclimate energy consumption cooling material vegetation cover

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A long-term reconstruction of a global photosynthesis proxy over 1982-2023

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SCIENTIFIC DATA 2025年第1期12卷 1-16页

作者： Fang, Jianing Lian, Xu Ryu, Youngryel Jeong, Sungchan Jiang, Chongya Gentine, Pierre Columbia Univ Dept Earth & Environm Engn New York NY 10027 USA Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Agr Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Univ Illinois Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci Urbana IL USA

Satellite-observed solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is a powerful proxy for the photosynthetic characteristics of terrestrial ecosystems. Direct SIF observations are primarily limited to the recent decade, impeding their application in detecting long-term dynamics of ecosystem function. In this study, we leverage two surface reflectance bands available both from Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR, 1982-2023) and MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS, 2001-2023). Importantly, we calibrate and orbit-correct the AVHRR bands against their MODIS counterparts during their overlapping period. Using the long-term bias-corrected reflectance data from AVHRR and MODIS, a neural network is trained to produce a Long-term Continuous SIF-informed Photosynthesis Proxy (LCSPP) by emulating Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 SIF, mapping it globally over the 1982-2023 period. Compared with previous SIF-informed photosynthesis proxies, LCSPP has similar skill but can be advantageously extended to the AVHRR period. Further comparison with three widely used vegetation indices (NDVI, kNDVI, NIRv) shows a higher or comparable correlation of LCSPP with satellite SIF and site-level GPP estimates across vegetation types, ensuring a greater capacity for representing long-term photosynthetic activity.

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Optimizing urban green spaces using a decision-support model for carbon sequestration and ecological connectivity

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2025年 384卷 125058页

作者： Hwang, Hyemee Kim, Daseul Kim, Sanghyuck Kim, Ji Yeon Kim, Eun Sub Yang, Tackang Lee, Nagyeom Piao, Yong Park, Byeong Jin Lee, Dong Kun Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci 1 Gwanak ro Seoul 08826 South Korea SK Forest Restructuring team Seoul South Korea City Univ Hong Kong Sch Energy & Environm Low Carbon & Climate Impact Res Ctr Hong Kong Peoples R China Yanbian Univ Coll Geog & Ocean Sci Hunchun 133300 Peoples R China

Urban green spaces (UGSs) are vital for enhancing urban ecological health and resident well-being. However, their diverse functions need to be balanced based on spatial limitations and varying stakeholder preferences. Integrated planning approaches are needed to exploit the multiple benefits of UGSs. This study introduces a multi-objective decision-support model designed to optimize UGS planning by simultaneously addressing carbon sequestration, ecological connectivity, and cost constraints. The model incorporates the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II to identify Pareto-optimal solutions for tailored decision-making strategies that balance different priorities. The model indicated that ecological connectivity can be improved by 7.57 % while meeting carbon-reduction and budgetary targets. The model effectively balanced trade-offs, underscoring the importance of both the quantity and strategic placement of green space. This decision-support framework empowers decision-makers to rapidly simulate and validate optimal scenarios, effectively balance competing objectives, and provide a scientific basis through verifiable feedback, ultimately promoting the development of sustainable urban environments.

关键词： Decision-making Urban green space Ecological network Carbon sink potential NSGA-II

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The impact of mega shopping complexes on the survival of nearby local businesses: A case study of the seoul metropolitan area, South Korea

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HABITAT INTERNATIONAL 2025年 155卷

作者： Kang, Mingu Yoon, Heeyeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci 1 Gwanak ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

This study examines the impact of mega shopping complexes (MSCs) on the survival of adjacent businesses in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), South Korea, from 2008 to 2023. Using mixed-effects Cox models, we analyzed three prevalent industrial sectors in commercial districts: food service, beauty, and recreation businesses. We found that MSC affects local businesses differently, depending on the services they offer. In food service businesses, only pubs face the risk of business failure due to the entry of MSC. Conversely, general restaurants, cafes, and beauty businesses showed no significant statistical impact. Recreation businesses are divided into two types based on the similarity of their services to those offered by MSC. After MSC entry, close proximity to the MSC yields a negative effect on establishments offering similar services, while benefiting those offering distinct services. This finding suggests that policies should focus more on enhancing the competitiveness of local businesses to effectively utilize the increased visibility rather than solely limiting the spillover effect of the MSC.

关键词： Mega shopping complex Local business survival Mixed-effects Cox model Seoul Metropolitan area

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