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A Spatial Analysis of Possible Environmental Exposures in Recreational Areas Impacted by Hurricane Harvey Flooding, Harris County, Texas

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019年第4期64卷 381-390页

作者： Karaye, Ibraheem Stone, Kahler W. Casillas, Gaston A. Newman, Galen Horney, Jennifer A. Texas A&M Univ Dept Epidemiol & Biostat Sch Publ Hlth 1266 TAMU College Stn TX 77843 USA Middle Tennessee State Univ Dept Hlth & Human Performance MTSU POB 96 Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA Texas A&M Univ Dept Vet Physiol & Pharmacol Interdisciplinary Program Toxicol 4461 TAMU College Stn TX 77843 USA Texas A&M Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning 3137 TAMU College Stn TX 77843 USA Univ Delaware Coll Hlth Sci Dept Epidemiol 100 Discovery Blvd Newark DE 19713 USA

Hurricane Harvey made landfall on the Texas Gulf Coast in August 2017 causing catastrophic flooding. Harris County is highly vulnerable to flooding, which is controlled in part by a system of bayous that include parks and trails. The petrochemical industry, as well as thousands of documented sources of environmental pollution make recreational areas susceptible to environmental contamination during flood events. Recreational areas and toxic exposure sources were geocoded by subwatershed boundaries and overlaid with the area of Hurricane Harvey inundation. A total of 121 of 349 (36.78%) parks were flooded;102 of 121 (84.30%) were located in subwatersheds with at least one exposure source. A total of 337 exposure sources (6 Superfund, 32 municipal solid waste, and 299 petroleum storage tanks) in 30 subwatersheds were flooded. Though parks provide flood mitigation and other postdisaster benefits, their susceptibility to environmental contamination should be considered, especially in areas with a large number of toxic exposure sources.

关键词： Hurricane Harvey Parks GIS Flooding Environmental exposure

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Expanding vegetated areas by human activities and strengthening vegetation growth concurrently explain the greening of Seoul

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landscape AND URBAN PLANNING 2022年 227卷

作者： Hwang, Yorum Ryu, Youngryel Qu, Sai Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea Wuhan Univ Sch Resources & Environm Sci Wuhan Peoples R China

Many studies have reported that urbanization leads to a decrease in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) due to the expansion of impervious cover. Some studies, however, have reported positive NDVI trends in urban areas due to warming and CO2 fertilization effects, as well as the creation of green space. Thus, we examined spatial and temporal variations of the growing season maximum NDVI in a megacity, Seoul, which has rapidly urbanized over the past decades, by analyzing a 32-year time series (1987 - 2018) of Landsat satellite images in Google Earth Engine. Continuous change detection and classification and random forest algorithms were integrated to classify Seoul land cover types annually. We found an overall increasing NDVI trend at the city scale (0.002 yr(-1)). Significant NDVI trends were found for approximately 46 % of Seoul, with greening and browning trends accounting for 39 % and 7 %, respectively. Greening pixels appeared mainly on impervious (23 % with a significant NDVI trend), deciduous (10 %), and evergreen (3 %) land cover as of 2018. Stable impervious, deciduous, and evergreen land cover pixels showed a greening trend over the 32 years (0.002 yr(-1)), which stemmed from the planting of trees in areas with impervious cover, such as streets and residential areas, and vegetation growth in forest areas. Disturbed area pixels showed fluctuating NDVI values, but there were more greening pixels (20 %) than browning pixels (5 %). Our findings indicate that a detailed knowledge of land use and land cover changes is required to understand NDVI trends in urban areas.

关键词： Urban Land cover change Continuous change detection and classification Normalized difference vegetation index Landsat Google Earth Engine

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Effects of urban sprawl on regional disparity and quality of life: A case of South Korea

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CITIES 2024年 151卷

作者： Mun, Jihun Lee, Jae Seung Kim, Saehoon Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Urban Design Concentrat Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul 08826 South Korea

South Korea has experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization over the past half-century. While unbalanced population concentrations were already problematic, urban areas in South Korea continued to expand, causing several adjacent cities to merge into continuous urban regions. Previous studies have found that rapid urban expansion and sprawl often increase regional disparities. There have been many attempts to measure the degree of sprawl worldwide. However, studies investigating the effects of sprawl on regional disparities and quality of life in emerging Asian countries remain underdeveloped. This study measures urban sprawl in South Korea using remote sensing techniques and analyzes the impacts of sprawl on regional disparities and residents' quality of life using a structural equation model (SEM). The results show that urban sprawl in South Korea has adverse effects on economic and social disparities, with increased income disparity and reduced access to public services. However, despite these disparities, residents in high-sprawl areas report higher overall life satisfaction due to increased satisfaction with the natural and living environments.

关键词： Urban sprawl Regional disparity Quality of life Remote sensing Structural equation modeling

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Authenticity or homogeneity? Contextualising the urban revitalisation of a post-industrial landscape through the Red Brick landscape Preservation Project in Seoul

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HABITAT INTERNATIONAL 2022年 124卷

作者： Shin, Myungjin Pae, Jeong-Hann Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak RoBldg 200Rm 9220 Seoul South Korea

This study analyses the case of the Red Brick landscape Preservation Project at Seoul Forest Park Alleys, an urban revitalisation project implemented between 2018 and 2021, based on the idea of authenticity and post-industrial landscape. The following issues on site were determined based on site analysis and data mapping. First, there is a discrepancy in preservation, use, and implementation. Second is the selective nature of the Red Brick landscape Preservation Project, as it is adapted to the city branding strategy, which may not always prioritise the actual site-specific contexts. Third, the attempt to represent the authenticity of the Red Brick landscape Preservation Project in the Seoul Forest Park Alleys with a red brick landscape seems unfounded. Instead, red bricks were adapted to represent an image of authenticity seen elsewhere. Finally, this projection of authenticity from elsewhere onto the site is difficult to avoid for post-industrial landscapes because of the nature of industrial cities. Considering that the post-industrial landscape remains in high demand worldwide, the criticisms in this article may extend beyond the case in point. This study concludes with recommendations for future studies of the site.

关键词： Urban regeneration Post-industrial landscape Seoul metropolitan city Land use policy Projected authenticity

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A comprehensive framework of cooling effect-accessibility-urban development to assessing and planning park cooling services

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2023年 98卷

作者： Xiao, Yi Piao, Yong Wei, Wei Pan, Chao Lee, Dongkun Zhao, Bing Nanjing Forestry Univ Coll Landscape Architecture Nanjing 210037 Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul 08826 South Korea Nanjing XiaoZhuang Univ Sch Environm Sci Nanjing 210000 Peoples R China Nanjing Agr Univ Coll Econ & Management Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Landscape Architecture 159 Longpan Rd Nanjing Jiangsu Peoples R China

With increasing global warming and urbanization, extreme heat events threaten the health of urban dwellers. Urban parks can alleviate severe urban heating, but previous research on park cooling effect has largely involved single-dimension analysis and lacked a multi-dimensional perspective that explores the equity of park cooling services. To address the issue, this study proposes a comprehensive framework of cooling effect-accessibility-urban development for assessing and planning 113 urban parks in Nanjing, China. The results show an unequal distribution of the park cooling services index (PCSI), which decreases outward from the city center to surrounding areas, with an average PCSI within the ring road 1.34 times higher than outside. The value of the cooling effect was relatively low, with the two lowest levels accounting for 65.5%, and the parks with low values of accessibility and urban development were concentrated outside the ring road. Additionally, increasing the park area, Normalized difference vegetation index of vegetated area, and blue-green proportion could effectively enhance the cooling effect. Four park cooling service types were identified according to supplydemand, as well as intervention strategies and adaptive planning measures were developed. This study constructed a new comprehensive framework for park cooling services to improve equity and promote urban parks.

关键词： Park cooling service Assessment and planning Cooling effect Accessibility Urban development Equity

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Gap-filling approaches for eddy covariance methane fluxes: A comparison of three machine learning algorithms and a traditional method with principal component analysis

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GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020年第3期26卷 1499-1518页

作者： Kim, Yeonuk Johnson, Mark S. Knox, Sara H. Black, T. Andrew Dalmagro, Higo J. Kang, Minseok Kim, Joon Baldocchi, Dennis Univ British Columbia Inst Resources Environm & Sustainabil Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Dept Geog Vancouver BC Canada Univ British Columbia Fac Land & Food Syst Vancouver BC Canada Univ Cuiaba Environm Sci Grad Program Cuiaba Brazil Natl Ctr AgroMeteorol Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol Seoul South Korea Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Methane flux (FCH4) measurements using the eddy covariance technique have increased over the past decade. FCH4 measurements commonly include data gaps, as is the case with CO2 and energy fluxes. However, gap-filling FCH4 data are more challenging than other fluxes due to its unique characteristics including multidriver dependency, variabilities across multiple timescales, nonstationarity, spatial heterogeneity of flux footprints, and lagged influence of biophysical drivers. Some researchers have applied a marginal distribution sampling (MDS) algorithm, a standard gap-filling method for other fluxes, to FCH4 datasets, and others have applied artificial neural networks (ANN) to resolve the challenging characteristics of FCH4. However, there is still no consensus regarding FCH4 gap-filling methods due to limited comparative research. We are not aware of the applications of machine learning (ML) algorithms beyond ANN to FCH4 datasets. Here, we compare the performance of MDS and three ML algorithms (ANN, random forest [RF], and support vector machine [SVM]) using multiple combinations of ancillary variables. In addition, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) as an input to the algorithms to address multidriver dependency of FCH4 and reduce the internal complexity of the algorithmic structures. We applied this approach to five benchmark FCH4 datasets from both natural and managed systems located in temperate and tropical wetlands and rice paddies. Results indicate that PCA improved the performance of MDS compared to traditional inputs. ML algorithms performed better when using all available biophysical variables compared to using PCA-derived inputs. Overall, RF was found to outperform other techniques for all sites. We found gap-filling uncertainty is much larger than measurement uncertainty in accumulated CH4 budget. Therefore, the approach used for FCH4 gap filling can have important implications for characterizing annual ecosystem-scale methane budgets, the acc

关键词： artificial neural network comparison of gap-filling techniques eddy covariance machine learning marginal distribution sampling methane flux random forest support vector machine

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BESS-Rice: A remote sensing derived and biophysical process-based rice productivity simulation model

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AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY 2018年 256卷 253-269页

作者： Huang, Yan Ryu, Youngryel Jiang, Chongya Kimm, Hyungsuk Kim, Soyoun Kang, Minseok Shim, Kyomoon Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol & Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Brain Korea Plus Team 21 Seoul South Korea Natl Ctr Agro Meteorol Seoul South Korea Rural Dev Adm Natl Inst Agr Sci Jeonju Si Jeollabuk Do South Korea

Conventional process-based crop simulation models and agro-land surface models require numerous forcing variables and input parameters. The regional application of these crop simulation models is complicated by factors concerning input data requirements and parameter uncertainty. In addition, the empirical remotely sensed regional scale crop yield estimation method does not enable growth process modeling. In this study, we developed a process-based rice yield estimation model by integrating an assimilate allocation module into the satellite remote sensing-derived and biophysical process-based Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS). Normalized accumulated gross primary productivity (GPP(norm-accu)) was used as a scaler for growth development, and the relationships between GPP(norm-accu) and dry matter partitioning coefficients were determined from the eddy covariance and biometric measurements at the Cheorwon Rice paddy KoFlux site. Over 95% of the variation in the dry matter allocation coefficients of rice grain could be explained by GPP(norm-accu) . The dynamics of dry matter distribution among different rice components were simulated, and the annual grain yields were estimated. BESS-Rice simulated GPP and dry matter partitioning dynamics, and rice yields were evaluated against in-situ measurements at three paddy rice sites registered in KoFlux. The results showed that BESS-Rice performed well in terms of rice productivity estimation, with average root mean square error (RMSE) value of 2.2 g C m(-2)d(-1) (29.5%) and bias of-0.5 g Cm-2 d(-1) (-7.1%) for daily GPP, and an average RMSE value of 534.8 kg ha(-1) (7.7%) and bias of 242.1 kg ha(-1) (3.5%) for the annual yield, respectively. BESS-Rice is much simpler than conventional crop models and this helps to reduce the uncertainty related to the forcing variables and input parameters and can result in improved regional yield estimation. The process-based mechanism of BESS-Rice also enables an agronomic diagnosis to

关键词： Crop modeling Carbon allocation Gross primary productivity Yield Rice BESS

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Where do people spend their leisure time on dusty days? Application of spatiotemporal behavioral responses to particulate matter pollution

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ANNALS OF REGIONAL SCIENCE 2019年第2期63卷 317-339页

作者： Choi, Yunwon Yoon, Heeyeun Kim, Danya Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

In recent years, the deterioration of air quality due to high levels of particulate matter (PM: especially PM 10 and PM 2.5) has become a transboundary environmental problem in countries of the East Asia Pacific region. People tend to change their behavior in response to bad air quality, and those changes generate a wide range of socioeconomic implications. Despite their significance, however, the effects of PM on human behavior, especially behaviors involving outdoor activities, have not been sufficiently examined. This study employed panel analyses to empirically investigate differences in the preferences for recreational spaces with changes in the PM 2.5 level in Seoul, South Korea, from March 1 to June 30, 2017. We found a statistically significant relationship between the PM 2.5 level and the number of visitors to particular types of study sites in the daytime on weekdays and all days of the weekends. In both time groups, the number of visitors in open spaces decreased, while those in commercial spaces increased with heightened PM 2.5 level. But the numbers of visitors to indoor sports facilities showed no significant changes with the level of PM 2.5. We also found differing levels of pedestrian volume change according to sub-categories of open and commercial spaces. As an early empirical study of the impact of PM on human behavior, this work will help evaluate environmental policies and make possible safer community development planning.

关键词： C33 I18 O20 Q53 R58

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Correcting confounding canopy structure, biochemistry and soil background effects improves leaf area index estimates across diverse ecosystems from Sentinel-2 imagery

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2024年 309卷

作者： Wan, Liang Ryu, Youngryel Dechant, Benjamin Hwang, Yorum Feng, Huaize Kang, Yanghui Jeong, Sungchan Lee, Jeongho Choi, Changhyun Bae, Joonhwan Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv Leipzig Germany Univ Leipzig Leipzig Germany Boston Univ Dept Earth & Environm Boston MA USA Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management Berkeley CA 94720 USA

High-spatiotemporal-resolution leaf area index (LAI) data are essential for sustainable agro-ecosystem management and precise disturbance detection. Previous LAI products were primarily derived from satellite data with limited spatiotemporal or spectral resolutions, which could be overcome with the use of Sentinel -2. While hybrid methods that integrate PROSAIL simulations with machine learning offer advantages in extracting highspatiotemporal-resolution LAI from Sentinel -2, they still face challenges due to confounding factors related to canopy structure, leaf biochemistry, and soil background. To reduce impacts of these confounders, we developed an efficient hybrid method for Sentinel -2 -based LAI retrieval. Our approach consists of random forest models trained on simulated datasets generated by PROSAIL-5B with two refinements: variable canopy fraction of fully senescent leaves ( FS ) and soil bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) simulated by Brightness -Shape -Moisture (BSM) model. We corrected canopy BRF using near -infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIR V ) and vegetation cover within mixed pixels ( V C ). For validation, we used ground measurements across different vegetation types from the Copernicus Ground Based Observations for Validation (GBOV) and Korea flux (KoFlux) sites during 2019-2023. Our results showed that coupling BSM and FS with PROSAIL-5B simulations improved hybrid LAI estimates, reducing RMSE by 10.8%-73.8%. Utilizing NIR V and V C to correct canopy BRF better quantified LAI in most vegetation types, with RMSE reduced by 15.3%-64.8%. Our hybrid method showed robust agreement with ground validation data from GBOV (R 2 = 0.88, RMSE = 0.71) and KoFlux (R 2 = 0.80, RMSE = 0.75). Overall, our method (R 2 = 0.58-0.93, RMSE = 0.04-0.83) outperformed both the benchmark Sentinel Application Platform (R 2 = 0.11-0.85, RMSE = 0.28-1.67) and data -driven (R 2 = 0.09-0.85, RMSE = 0.29-0.93) algorithms in producing precise seasonal LAI data at finer r

关键词： Leaf area index (LAI) Hybrid method Canopy structure Soil background Near-infrared reflectance of vegetation(NIRV) PROSAIL model Sentinel-2

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Describing Changes in the Built Environment of Shrinking Cities: Case Study of Incheon, South Korea

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JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2016年第2期142卷 05015010-05015010页

作者： Lee, Jae Seung Won, Sehyung Kim, Saehoon Hongik Univ Sch Urban & Civil Engn 94 Wausan RoK520 Seoul 121791 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Urban Design Concentr Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 82-4101 Gwanak Ro Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Urban Design Concentr Urban Studies & Design Seoul 151742 South Korea

In the early 2000s, nearly 30% of South Korean cities reportedly shrunk in terms of population, number of enterprises, and property disinvestment. Although many researchers have already documented socioeconomic changes linked with shrinking cities, little is known about how changes in a neighborhood's built environment influence the process of shrinking within a city's local context. Here, a neighborhood called Songhyun-dong in Incheon, which was previously one of the busiest mixed-use retail neighborhoods in Korea, was empirically documented through nontechnical analyses of urban-form data for the years of 1937, 1985, 1995, and 2013. It was discovered that urban planners' institutional response to urban shrinkage, such as development of extensive transport infrastructure and imposition of a rigid gridiron layout, failed to contribute to the recovery of the shrinking neighborhood. The resultant loss of securely-enclosed residential areas and adaptable market-space characteristics has amplified the downward spiral of the shrinking process. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.

关键词： Neighborhood Built environment keylines city American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Companies TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE shrinkage Population number Civil engineers

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