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The impact of the urban park sunset rule on land value: The case of Yongin in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea

HABITAT INTERNATIONAL 2023年第1期132卷

作者： Kim, Haeryung Yoon, Heeyeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst EngnInte 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Knowledge Based Environm Serv Program 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

Intense urbanization across the world has increased land scarcity, making it challenging to secure land for public parks and open spaces. To construct urban green space, the Korean government expropriated 904.1 km2 of private land from the 1960s onward. However, under the Urban Park Sunset Rule (UPSR), approximately 405.7 km2 of undeveloped green space sites were released and returned to their owners by 2020. This study investigates the time-varying effect of the UPSR using a two-way fixed effect panel model, covering the period from announcements of the UPSR in 2000 and 2005 to its implementation from 2015 to 2020. We found that the UPSR exerted a small positive externality on the adjacent land market. After the first UPSR announcement, the effect was negative for several years;however, released land began to exert a stronger positive externality after the second announcement, and the maximum effect was observed two years after the first implementation: a 5.71% increase in value per 100-m approach to the subject land. Before the first announcement, the effect was mainly observed within 500 m of released sites. After the second announcement, the effect was observed within the 500-1000-m zone. This study suggests that land use deregulation may generate effects in nearby areas that vary in terms of distance and magnitude in relation to the timing of announcements and implementation.

关键词： Urban park Sunset rule Land value Land use deregulation Two-way fixed effect panel model

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Metapopulation models using landscape connectivity can better reflect landscape heterogeneity

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ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS 2024年 80卷

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Lee, Dong Kun Choi, Jiyoung Kim, Jae Hyun Mo, Youngwon Jeon, Yoonho Kim, Ji Yeon Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Pro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Specialized Grad Sch Intelligent Ecosci Dept Landscape Architecture 4 Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Sci Seoul South Korea Univ Georgia Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources Athens GA 30602 USA DMZ Ecol Res Inst Paju 10881 South Korea Yeungnam Univ Dept Landscape Architecture Gyongsan 38541 South Korea Korea Environm Inst Climate & Air Qual Res Grp Sejongsi South Korea SK forest Smart Green Solut team Seoul 03161 South Korea

Forest fragmentation due to urban development has a significant impact on species persistence, necessitating a metapopulation theory approach considering landscape structure and patch-based impact assessments. In this study, we propose a method that applies landscape connectivity and incidence function models (IFM) to a species distribution model to represent the persistence of metapopulations by considering landscape structure (IFMLCONS). The proposed approach was used to understand changes in leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) occupancy patterns resulting from urban development considering landscape and patch structure. The impact on changes in occupancy owing to urban development was better reflected by patch area (R2 = 0.5031, R2 = 0.1642) and quality (R2 = 0.5142, R2 = 0.1042). Notably, the IFM-LCONS showed an increasing occupancy at a connectivity value of 500, whereas the IFM indicated the opposite. These results highlight that the here proposed approach allows for a more thorough consideration of the impact of urban development on landscape and structural aspects with respect to endangered and rare species, which can be used for conservation planning.

关键词： Conservation area priorities Endangered species Forest fragmentation Habitat loss Incidence function model

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Enhancing the Effectiveness of Heat Adaptation Strategies Through Citizen Science-Based Outdoor Thermal Comfort

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Kim, Eun Sub Lee, Dong Kun Bae, Chae Young Ko, Se Yean Won, Ji Eun Lee, Jae Hong Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Seongnam Research Institute 46 Dallaenae-ro Sujeong-gu Gyeonggi-do Seongnam-si Korea Republic of Carbon-Neutral Strategy Institute Inc 103 Hyundai ESA2 122 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu Seoul06647 Korea Republic of Suwon Climate Change Education Center 46-38 Homaesil-ro Gwonseon-gu Gyeonggi-do Suwon-si Korea Republic of Specialized Graduate School of Intelligent Eco-Science 4 Dept. of Landscape Architecture Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural System Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Urbanization and climate change increase heat stress and health risks in cities, necessitating effective response strategies. Traditional research has focused on thermal sensation in specific locales, overlooking the broad impacts of urban environments and the importance of regional and citizen input in crafting mitigation approaches. This study examines the effects of heat waves in Suwon City, analyzing thermal perception among residents across different urban spaces using citizen science. Data on temperature and subjective heat sensations were collected through homemade sensors over three years. The analysis investigated thermal sensation differences across spatial types— open high rise, open low rise, compact mid-rise, urban park, and lake park—utilizing boxplots, and examined thermal perception variations by age using the R program localized smoothing methodology. The results revealed significant differences in thermal sensation, especially above 32°C, with the highest discomfort reported in lake park areas and the lowest in open high-rise and low-rise zones. An age-related trend showed increased heat sensitivity among the 19–30 age group, decreasing in older participants. These findings underscore the limitations of one-size-fits-all heatwave responses and advocate for customized strategies informed by local conditions and resident experiences, highlighting the value of a bottom-up approach through citizen science. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate change

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Assessing the impact of green infrastructure on thermal comfort in relation to humidity: A case study in Korea

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URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 2024年 95卷

作者： Park, Byeong Jin Lee, Dong Kun Yun, Seok Hwan Kim, Eun Sub Lee, Jae Hong Kim, Sang Hyuck Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Specialized Grad Sch Intelligent Ecosci Dept Landscape Architecture 4 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Natl Inst Environm Studies 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba Ibaraki 3058506 Japan Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

Problems arising from heatwaves and urban heat islands (UHIs) exacerbated by climate change have prompted diverse adaptation strategies. Although green infrastructure, which positively affects climate change adaptation, has been extensively evaluated, global -scale assessments of UHIs indicate that green infrastructure may not be sufficient to mitigate UHIs in humid regions with annual precipitation exceeding 1000 mm or summer precipitation exceeding 570 mm. However, these assessments primarily focused on UHIs;different results may be obtained for individual heat comfort. As relative humidity increases, the cooling effect of green areas potentially decreases. This suggests the need for additional studies on the impact of short-term precipitation, which increases relative humidity and induces cooling effects on green infrastructure. Korea experiences a humid summer due to the concentration of precipitation (approximately 711 mm of summer precipitation);thus, the contribution of green infrastructure to improving heat comfort might be limited. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of green infrastructure on thermal comfort in relation to precipitation levels using the Wet -Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index and data from weather stations in Korea. Precipitation intensity was categorized into 2 -day periods and 10 mm/day. Subsequently, thermal comfort was compared for summers from 1993 to 2022 according to the green infrastructure ratio around the stations. The results indicated that green infrastructure had a cooling effect on clear days but only had a cooling effect on precipitation days when the level of green infrastructure was above the critical ratio. Additionally, green infrastructure reduced the WBGT index if minimal precipitation occurred during the five-day cooling period following precipitation. While green infrastructure remains crucial for climate change adaptation, other strategies must be implemented to improve the thermal environment, particular

关键词： Climate change adaptation Cooling effect Heat mitigation Precipitation impact Urban climate

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Proposing the classification matrix for growing and shrinking cities: A case study of 228 districts in South Korea

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HABITAT INTERNATIONAL 2022年 127卷

作者： Kim, Young Eun Lee, Jae Seung Kim, Saehoon Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Urban Design Major 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture Grad Sch Environm Studies & Environ mental Plannin Grad Sch Environm Studies 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

Many studies have attempted to categorize growing and shrinking cities primarily through population and economic indicators. However, previous approaches may have oversimplified the characteristics of city categories, such as growing or shrinking cities. Therefore, this study proposes a classification matrix based on the interaction between population and economic activity indicators to describe the characteristics of growing or shrinking cities adequately. The authors applied the matrix to categorize 228 administrative districts in South Korea, taking into account the distinct characteristics of the categorized growth and shrinkage patterns. The results show that these patterns can be subdivided into eight types of growing or shrinking cities, depending on which indicator between population or economic activity change is more predominant. The authors found that cities with declined population and increased economic activity could give rise to growth patterns. These findings suggest that the classification matrix can provide researchers and policymakers with a sophisticated analytical frame for diagnosing and classifying urban change, which can contribute to the enactment of appropriate urban and regional policies.

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Forest landscape connectivity to prioritize afforestation in urban ecosystems: Seoul as a case study

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URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 2023年 90卷

作者： Jin, Lin Song, Youngkeun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

Forest landscape connectivity is a key indicator that reflects the quality and function of the ecological environment. In urban ecosystems, analysis frameworks are needed to prioritize and optimize afforestation projects that maintain and increase forest landscape connectivity to help mitigate the increasing fragmentation of urban habitats, coordinate the relationship between urban development and urban ecosystem services, and guide decision making processes. The objective of this study is to identify forest patches that are most worth conserving and small patches that make the most significant contribution to landscape connectivity after their transformation into forest patches in a high-density city. We conducted a case study in Seoul, South Korea, where we initially quantified the landscape connectivity changes from 2001 to 2018 using the probability of connectivity (PC) and integral index of connectivity indices. Subsequently, we calculated the importance of each forest patch for four different years and ranked the potential contribution of each patch based on data from 2018 using the delta values for PC index (dPC). Our results showed that forest landscape connectivity in Seoul increased significantly from 2001 to 2018. In all four years, the ten forest patches with the highest dPC values remained nearly unchanged and were large in size;however, the individual area of each patch was not strictly related to its importance for connectivity. Based on these findings, we further examined the potential effect that the afforestation of habitat patches smaller than 20 ha would have on the overall forest landscape connectivity in Seoul. We also identified the 50 most important patches for afforestation using six land use and land cover types to provide a guide for effective afforestation efforts in Seoul. We expect that this study could enhance the effectiveness of habitat connectivity intervention while providing a realistic strategy for ecological afforestation planni

关键词： Afforestation Ecological connectivity Ecological network Urban forest Graph theory

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Use of ecosystem services and land ownership to prioritize conservation areas on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea

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ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 2024年 66卷

作者： Kim, Jihwan Shin, Wonhyeop Kim, Seunguk Choe, Hyeyeong Tanaka, Toshinori Song, Youngkeun Kyushu Univ Inst Asian & Oceanian Studies Fukuoka 8190395 Japan Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Agr Forestry & Bioresources Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ 339220 dong1 Gwanak ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

In the face of ecological challenges, sustainable implementation of conservation strategies necessitates a delicate balance between ecosystem services, biodiversity, land ownership, and cost considerations. This study presents a conservation strategy for Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, an area renowned for its unique ecological features. We developed the strategy by evaluating 12 scenarios involving the establishment of protected areas (PAs) and the use of other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs). The purpose of this evaluation was not to enhance ecosystem services and biodiversity directly but rather to identify strategies that could achieve these goals in a financially feasible way, considering the various cost and land ownership factors. Our findings revealed that conservation prioritization targets are primarily located in the central and eastern regions of Jeju Island, where ecosystem services are concentrated, and levels of biodiversity are high. The expansion of conservation targets from 17% to 30% entailed increased costs, largely due to the increased inclusion of private lands and agricultural areas. The introduction of OECMs provided a means to improve ecological network and representation within conservation networks. We also found that applying penalties to improve the boundary lengths of PAs could lead to more cost-effective conservation strategies. Although expanding conservation targets to 30% led to significant shifts in land ownership patterns and increased conservation costs, the benefits to biodiversity and provision of ecosystem services were substantial. This study provided valuable insights into the determination of conservation planning through the harmonization of biodiversity prot ection, provision of ecosystem services, and consideration of economic costs related to patterns of land use and ownership. The results can aid policymakers and stakeholders in making informed decisions about resource allocation in biodiversity cons

关键词： Conservation management Conservation prioritization Prioritizr Natural World Heritage OECMs Jeju Island

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GEOSIF: A continental-scale sub-daily reconstructed solar-induced fluorescence derived from OCO-3 and GK-2A over Eastern Asia and Oceania

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2024年 311卷

作者： Jeong, Sungchan Ryu, Youngryel Li, Xing Dechant, Benjamin Liu, Jiangong Kong, Juwon Choi, Wonseok Fang, Jianing Lian, Xu Gentine, Pierre Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv Leipzig Germany Univ Leipzig Leipzig Germany Columbia Univ Dept Earth & Environm Engn New York NY USA Yale Univ Yale Sch Environm New Haven CT 06511 USA Columbia Univ Ctr Learning Earth Artificial intelligence & Phys New York NY USA

The diurnal solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) sampling capability of OCO-3 can provide crucial insights into ecosystem function at the sub-daily scale. However, potential applications of OCO-3 SIF have suffered from its inherent spatiotemporal discontinuity. In this study, we addressed the discontinuous observation coverage of OCO-3 SIF by utilizing information coming from the continuous geostationary satellite observations from Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-2A (GK-2A). We generated and comprehensively evaluated a continental-scale hourly reconstructed SIF over the Eastern Asia and Oceania. To do this, we trained an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model using OCO-3 SIF and GK-2A observations including four band Nadir BRDF Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) (blue, green, red, and near-infrared), shortwave radiation, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) using the data from August 2019 to July 2021. The reconstructed SIF data showed robust agreement with OCO-3 SIF across diverse ecosystems, different hours of the day, and varying observation geometries (R2 = 0.68-79). We found large feature importance of near-infrared reflectance, red reflectance, and shortwave radiation, which together explained 84.6% of SIF prediction. VPD played an increasing role under high temperature conditions. The reconstructed SIF effectively captured the afternoon depression of photosynthesis across diverse ecosystems, ranging from 63.9% to 88.9%, which was consistent with the original OCO-3 SIF. Our results identified a more pronounced afternoon depression in the physiological SIF yield than in the canopy structural proxy. In addition, diurnal changes in both canopy structural and physiological components of SIF showed a stronger relationship with VPD than that of temperature. These findings highlight the benefits of the synergistic use of new-generation satellite observations to improve our understanding of large-scale diurnal ecosystem dynamics and its environmental drive

关键词： OCO-3 GK-2A SIF NIRv Afternoon depression VPD

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Interannual variations in methane emission from an irrigated rice paddy caused by rainfalls during the aeration period

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AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT 2016年 223卷 67-75页

作者： Kim, Yeonuk Talucder, Mohammad Samiul Ahsan Kang, Minseok Shim, Kyo-Moon Kang, Namgoo Kim, Joon Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Complex Syst Sci Lab 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Natl Ctr AgroMeteorol 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci Ctr Gas Anal 267 Gajeong Ro Daejeon 34113 South Korea Natl Inst Agr Sci 166 Nongsaengmyeong Ro Wanju Gun 55365 Jeollabuk Do South Korea Sylhet Agr Univ Dept Agroforestry & Environm Sci Sylhet 3100 Bangladesh Univ Sci & Technol Sci Measurement KRISS Campus217 Gajeong Ro Daejeon 34113 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Inst Green Bio Sci & Technol Seoul 151 South Korea

Mid-season drainage (MSD) decreases methane emission from an irrigated rice paddy. For this reason, the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and several methane estimation models consider MSD as a static input factor. However, if rainfall occurs during the MSD period, the reduction effect on methane emission may become small. In this paper, we report the methane emission from an intermittently irrigated rice paddy with MSD for three growing seasons. Methane flux was measured using eddy covariance technique with an open-path methane analyzer. Our objective is to ascertain the seasonal and interannual variations in methane emission caused by rainfalls during the MSD period. The growing season (from June to Oct.) methane emission during the three year study period ranged from 198 to 450 kg CH4 ha(-1), showing significant interannual variability with changes in rainfall during the MSD period. In order to implement the effect of rainfall during the MSD on methane emission (not considered in the IPCC method), we developed a simple method for a scaling factor. The estimated and the observed CH4 emissions agreed within 40%, and additional consideration of soil pH further improved the agreement within 10%. These results suggest that the rainfall effect should be considered when estimating national or global methane emission from irrigated, rice paddies. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Methane Rice paddy Mid-season drainage Eddy covariance IPCC scaling factor Greenhouse Gas Inventory

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BESSv2.0: A satellite-based and coupled-process model for quantifying long-term global land-atmosphere fluxes

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2023年第1期295卷

作者： Li, Bolun Ryu, Youngryel Jiang, Chongya Dechant, Benjamin Liu, Jiangong Yan, Yulin Li, Xing Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Univ Illinois Coll Agr Consumer & Environm Sci Urbana IL USA German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv Leipzig Germany Univ Leipzig Leipzig Germany Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol Seoul South Korea

Recent remote-sensing-based global carbon, water and energy budgets over land still include considerable uncertainties. Most existing flux products of terrestrial carbon, water and energy components were developed individually, despite the inherently coupled processes among them. In this study, we present a new set of global daily surface downwelling shortwave radiation (SW), net radiation (Rnet), evapotranspiration (ET), gross primary productivity (GPP), terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) datasets at 0.05 degrees resolutions from 1982 to 2019, by improving a satellite-based and coupled-process model-the Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS). The new version of BESS (v2.0) integrated a newly developed ecosystem respiration module, an optimality-based maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) model, and extended the temporal coverage of flux datasets from 1982 to 2019. We evaluated BESS products against the FLUXNET2015 dataset at the site scale, and against several remote sensing and/or machine learning products on a global scale. At the site scale, BESS products agreed well with FLUXNET measurements, capturing 84%, 53%, 65%, 51% and 31% of daily variation in Rnet, ET, GPP, TER and NEE, respectively. Interannual variation in BESS NEE showed relatively low consistency with the FLUXNET measurements, while the rest fluxes explained approximately half of the interannual variation. On a global scale, we found marked discrepancies in spatio-temporal patterns between BESS and several benchmark products. Over the period 1982-2019, BESSv2.0 estimated the mean annual global Rnet, ET, GPP, TER and NEE to be 340.97 & PLUSMN;5.22 ZJ yr- 1 (mean & PLUSMN;1 SD), 67.67 & PLUSMN;0.71 103 km3 yr- 1, 125.74 & PLUSMN;5.95 Pg C yr- 1 (P < 0.01) by-0.05 103 km3 yr-2 for ET, by 0.52 Pg C yr-2 for GPP, by 0.28 Pg C yr-2 for TER, and by-0.25 Pg C yr-2 for NEE. We further evaluated various coupled processes derived by BESS in terms of functional properties (i.

关键词： Carboxylation

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