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The impact of the Gyeongui Line Park project on residential property values in Seoul, Korea

HABITAT INTERNATIONAL 2016年 58卷 108-117页

作者： Jung, Eunah Choi, Yunwon Yoon, Heeyeun Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr & Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 151921 South Korea

Gyeongui Line Park is an urban park project that the City of Seoul has adopted as a means to revitalize declining neighborhoods. This study aims to analyze the project's effects on housing prices. Unlike extant hedonic studies, this analysis focuses on revealing the heterogeneous effects of the project by the development process, from inception to completion, to understand when and to what extent the park has influenced housing values in the host neighborhood. Findings indicate that the Gyeongui Line Park project has resulted in generally positive externalities to both apartments and multi-family dwellings, with the magnitude varying by relative locations. The effects differ according to the project's phase and housing type: in the apartment market, values increased about 15% per 100-m approach to the park, starting with the announcement of the park's procurement plan in 2006;continued to increase through Phase I completion;then decelerated to 0-3% at the beginning of Phase II construction. For multi-family homes, the project corresponded with positive, but smaller increases on housing values (about 2%) starting with Phase I construction in 2012, with the magnitude remaining at 1-2% from 2012 to the present. Findings from this study and its methodology will be valuable in determining the course of future planning efforts to maximize the positive effects of projects in urban revitalization practice. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： The Gyeongui Line Park Urban revitalization Rail-to-trail Random-coefficient multilevel modeling

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Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective

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HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL 2019年第10期64卷 1141-1158页

作者： Bloeschl, Gunter Bierkens, Marc F. P. Chambel, Antonio Cudennec, Christophe Destouni, Georgia Fiori, Aldo Kirchner, James W. McDonnell, Jeffrey J. Savenije, Hubert H. G. Sivapalan, Murugesu Stumpp, Christine Toth, Elena Volpi, Elena Carr, Gemma Lupton, Claire Salinas, Jose Szeles, Borbala Viglione, Alberto Aksoy, Hafzullah Allen, Scott T. Amin, Anam Andreassian, Vazken Arheimer, Berit Aryal, Santosh K. Baker, Victor Bardsley, Earl Barendrecht, Marlies H. Bartosova, Alena Batelaan, Okke Berghuijs, Wouter R. Beven, Keith Blume, Theresa Bogaard, Thom de Amorim, Pablo Borges Boettcher, Michael E. Boulet, Gilles Breinl, Korbinian Brilly, Mitja Brocca, Luca Buytaert, Wouter Castellarin, Attilio Castelletti, Andrea Chen, Xiaohong Chen, Yangbo Chen, Yuanfang Chifflard, Peter Claps, Pierluigi Clark, Martyn P. Collins, Adrian L. Croke, Barry Dathe, Annette David, Paula C. de Barros, Felipe P. J. de Rooij, Gerrit Di Baldassarre, Giuliano Driscoll, Jessica M. Duethmann, Doris Dwivedi, Ravindra Eris, Ebru Farmer, William H. Feiccabrino, James Ferguson, Grant Ferrari, Ennio Ferraris, Stefano Fersch, Benjamin Finger, David Foglia, Laura Fowler, Keirnan Gartsman, Boris Gascoin, Simon Gaume, Eric Gelfan, Alexander Geris, Josie Gharari, Shervan Gleeson, Tom Glendell, Miriam Bevacqua, Alena Gonzalez Gonzalez-Dugo, Maria P. Grimaldi, Salvatore Gupta, A. B. Guse, Bjoern Han, Dawei Hannah, David Harpold, Adrian Haun, Stefan Heal, Kate Helfricht, Kay Herrnegger, Mathew Hipsey, Matthew Hlavacikova, Hana Hohmann, Clara Holko, Ladislav Hopkinson, Christopher Hrachowitz, Markus Illangasekare, Tissa H. Inam, Azhar Innocente, Camyla Istanbulluoglu, Erkan Jarihani, Ben Kalantari, Zahra Kalvans, Andis Khanal, Sonu Khatami, Sina Kiesel, Jens Kirkby, Mike Knoben, Wouter Kochanek, Krzysztof Kohnova, Silvia Kolechkina, Alla Krause, Stefan Kreamer, David Kreibich, Heidi Kunstmann, Harald Lange, Holger Liberato, Margarida L. R. Lindquist, Eric Link, Timothy Liu, Junguo Loucks, Daniel Peter Luce, Charles Mahe, Gil Makarieva, Olga Malard, Julien Masht Vienna Univ Technol Inst Hydraul Engn & Water Resources Management Vienna Austria Univ Utrecht Fac Geosci Dept Phys Geog Utrecht Netherlands Univ Evora Inst Earth Sci Dept Geosci Evora Portugal INRA UMR SAS 1069 Agrocampus Ouest Rennes France Stockholm Univ Dept Phys Geog Stockholm Sweden Roma Tre Univ Dept Engn Rome Italy Swiss Fed Inst Technol Dept Environm Syst Sci Zurich Switzerland Swiss Fed Inst Forest Snow & Landscape Res WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland Univ Saskatchewan Global Inst Water Secur Saskatoon SK Canada Delft Univ Technol Dept Water Management Delft Netherlands Univ Illinois Dept Civil & Environm Engn Urbana IL USA Univ Illinois Dept Geog & Geog Informat Sci Urbana IL USA Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci Inst Soil Phys & Rural Water Management Vienna Austria Univ Bologna Dept Civil Chem Environm & Mat Engn DICAM Bologna Italy IAHS Ltd CEH Wallingford Wallingford Oxon England Politecn Torino Dept Environm Land & Infrastruct Engn DIATI Turin Italy Istanbul Tech Univ Dept Civil Engn Istanbul Turkey Univ Padua Dept Land Environm Agr & Forestry TESAF Padua Italy Irstea HYCAR Res Unit Antony France SMHI Norrkoping Sweden CSIRO Land & Water Canberra ACT Australia Univ Arizona Dept Hydrol & Atmospher Sci Tucson AZ USA Univ Waikato Fac Sci & Engn Hamilton New Zealand Flinders Univ S Australia Coll Sci & Engn NCGRT Adelaide SA Australia Univ Lancaster Lancaster Environm Ctr Lancaster England GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci Hydrol Sect Potsdam Germany Fed Univ Santa Catarina UFSC Grad Program Environm Engn PPGEA Florianopolis SC Brazil Leibniz Inst Baltic Sea Res IOW Geochem & Isotope Biogeochem Grp Warnemunde Germany Univ Toulouse CNES CNRS IRD INRA UPS CESBIO Toulouse France Univ Ljubljana Fac Civil Engn & Geodesy Dept Environm Engn Ljubljana Slovenia CNR Res Inst Geohydrol Protect Perugia Italy Imperial Coll London Dept Civil & Environm Engn London England Politecn Milan Dept Elect Informat & Bioengn Milan Ital

This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

关键词： hydrology science questions research agenda interdisciplinary knowledge gaps

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Finding key vulnerable areas by a climate change vulnerability assessment

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NATURAL HAZARDS 2016年第3期81卷 1683-1732页

作者： Kim, Ho Gul Lee, Dong Kun Jung, Huicheul Kil, Sung-Ho Park, Jin Han Park, Chan Tanaka, Riwako Seo, Changwan Kim, Ho Kong, Wooseok Oh, Kyusik Choi, Jinyong Oh, Young-Ju Hwang, Gangseok Song, Chang-Keun Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr Life Sci Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea Korea Environm Inst Seoul South Korea Texas A&M Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning College Stn TX USA Korea Res Inst Human Settlements Anyang South Korea Natl Inst Ecol Seocheon Gun South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Publ Hlth Seoul South Korea Kyung Hee Univ Dept Geog Seoul South Korea Hanyang Univ Dept Urban Engn Seoul 133791 South Korea Korea Biodivers Res Ctr Co Ltd Pochon South Korea Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst Busan South Korea Natl Inst Environm Res Air Qual Forecasting Ctr Inchon South Korea

Extreme climate events such as typhoons, heat waves, and floods have increased in frequency with climate change. Many municipalities within the Republic of Korea (ROK) have experienced damage from these events, necessitating countermeasures. Vulnerability assessment has been suggested in the implementation of a national plan for reducing damage resulting from climate change. Thus, in this study, we assess the vulnerability of the ROK and identify key vulnerable municipalities in support of the national adaptation plan. We create a framework for assessing the vulnerability of all 232 municipalities of the ROK with respect to 32 items in 7 fields. The framework regards decision makers' comprehension and availability of data as important factors. We assess the vulnerability index of each municipality by using variables of climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation capacity. The weights of variables are determined by the Delphi method. We used the representative concentration pathways 8.5 climate scenario to reflect future climate exposure for the vulnerability assessment. From the analysis, vulnerability maps are prepared for the 32 items of 7 fields, and key vulnerable municipalities are identified by aggregating the maps. The distribution of vulnerable municipalities changes with the future climate conditions. These maps provide a scientific and objective basis for the ROK government to establish adaptation plans and allocate resources. The ROK government can utilize the results to identify the characteristics of highly vulnerable areas, and municipalities can use the results as a basis for requesting support from the national government.

关键词： Mapping vulnerability National climate change adaptation strategies Resource allocation RCP scenario

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Mapping Deforestation in North Korea Using Phenology-Based Multi-Index and Random Forest

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REMOTE SENSING 2016年第12期8卷 997-997页

作者： Jin, Yihua Sung, Sunyong Lee, Dong Kun Biging, Gregory S. Jeong, Seunggyu Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 151743 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 151743 South Korea Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management Berkeley CA 94720 USA Natl Inst Biol Resources Plant Resources Div Inchon 22689 South Korea

Phenology-based multi-index with the random forest (RF) algorithm can be used to overcome the shortcomings of traditional deforestation mapping that involves pixel-based classification, such as ISODATA or decision trees, and single images. The purpose of this study was to investigate methods to identify specific types of deforestation in North Korea, and to increase the accuracy of classification, using phenological characteristics extracted with multi-index and random forest algorithms. The mapping of deforestation area based on RF was carried out by merging phenology-based multi-indices (i.e., normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), and normalized difference soil index (NDSI)) derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) products and topographical variables. Our results showed overall classification accuracy of 89.38%, with corresponding kappa coefficients of 0.87. In particular, for forest and farm land categories with similar phenological characteristic (e.g., paddy, plateau vegetation, unstocked forest, hillside field), this approach improved the classification accuracy in comparison with pixel-based methods and other classes. The deforestation types were identified by incorporating point data from high-resolution imagery, outcomes of image classification, and slope data. Our study demonstrated that the proposed methodology could be used for deciding on the restoration priority and monitoring the expansion of deforestation areas.

关键词： NDVI NDSI NDWI unstocked forest hillside field vegetation phenology MODIS

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Describing the spatial patterns of heat vulnerability from urban design perspectives

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND WORLD ECOLOGY 2015年第3期22卷 189-200页

作者： Kim, Saehoon Ryu, Youngryel Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Urban Design Concentr Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Coll Agr & Life Sci Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol Seoul 151921 South Korea

A large number of East Asian cities, like cities in other parts of the world, are being affected by extreme heatwaves. Yet, little is known about the general urban design characteristics of sites with significant heat vulnerability within the localized context. In this study, empirical data sets were constructed describing the biomedical, social, environmental, and place-based parameters associated with the location of heat-related emergency calls in Suwon, South Korea, between 2010 and 2014. The results showed that the distribution of heat vulnerability appeared to be highly clustered within a few places, although the area did not have a high proportion of socioeconomically vulnerable populations. Here, three urban design characteristics were described in association with the location of emergency calls: (1) high-rise building complexes built on a superblock gridiron layout with large open spaces in between, (2) low-rise, high-density residential districts with a fine-scaled street layout, and (3) hilly terrain parkland sites adjacent to a densely urbanized district. These general characteristics of the sites and their potential links to heat vulnerability were explained in terms easily understandable by urban design and planning professionals so that climatic knowledge can be more effectively integrated with urban form-making practices.

关键词： heatwave vulnerability sustainable development Korea urban design

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Land use and land cover changes explain spatial and temporal variations of the soil organic carbon stocks in a constructed urban park

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landscape AND URBAN PLANNING 2015年 136卷 57-67页

作者： Bae, Jeehwan Ryu, Youngryel Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 151921 South Korea

Urban parks offer valuable ecosystem services to citizens and they have long been recognized for their recreational service;however, less attention has been paid to their carbon sequestration value. Here, we report on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in an urban park, Seoul Forest Park, which was built in 2004. We had two objectives: (1) to estimate SOC stocks (to a dept. of 1 m) in different land-cover types (wetland, forest, lawn, and bare soil) and (2) quantify the change in the SOC concentration in topsoil in different land-use types over a 10 year period (2003-2013). We found a tenfold difference in SOC stocks across the different land-cover types within the park. Wetland soils had the highest stocks of SOC (13.99 +/- 1.05 kg m(-2)), followed by forest, lawn, and bare soils. We found that a "cultural layer" that preserved previous land use history located deep in the soil profile substantially increased SOC stocks in the wetland. SOC concentrations in the topsoil were approximately three times higher in 2013 than in 2003 (256 +/- 130%). The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from MODIS and Landsat satellite images revealed that land-use history, expansion of plant areas and growth of plants could explain the increase in SOC concentrations in topsoil over the 10 year period. These findings imply that urban park soils could act as a carbon sink, and understanding the land-use history and the choice of land-cover types in park planning can substantially influence the carbon budget of urban parks. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： Land cover change Land use change NDVI Soil carbon Urban park

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Describing Changes in the Built Environment of Shrinking Cities: Case Study of Incheon, South Korea

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JOURNAL OF URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT 2016年第2期142卷 05015010-05015010页

作者： Lee, Jae Seung Won, Sehyung Kim, Saehoon Hongik Univ Sch Urban & Civil Engn 94 Wausan RoK520 Seoul 121791 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Urban Design Concentr Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 82-4101 Gwanak Ro Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Urban Design Concentr Urban Studies & Design Seoul 151742 South Korea

In the early 2000s, nearly 30% of South Korean cities reportedly shrunk in terms of population, number of enterprises, and property disinvestment. Although many researchers have already documented socioeconomic changes linked with shrinking cities, little is known about how changes in a neighborhood's built environment influence the process of shrinking within a city's local context. Here, a neighborhood called Songhyun-dong in Incheon, which was previously one of the busiest mixed-use retail neighborhoods in Korea, was empirically documented through nontechnical analyses of urban-form data for the years of 1937, 1985, 1995, and 2013. It was discovered that urban planners' institutional response to urban shrinkage, such as development of extensive transport infrastructure and imposition of a rigid gridiron layout, failed to contribute to the recovery of the shrinking neighborhood. The resultant loss of securely-enclosed residential areas and adaptable market-space characteristics has amplified the downward spiral of the shrinking process. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.

关键词： Neighborhood Built environment keylines city American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Companies TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE shrinkage Population number Civil engineers

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Seasonal variations in photosynthetic parameters and leaf area index in an urban park

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URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING 2015年第4期14卷 1059-1067页

作者： Kimm, Hyungsuk Ryu, Youngryel Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 151921 South Korea

Parks account for a large proportion of green spaces in urban regions, but most previous studies have focused on the values of recreational services in urban parks-carbon uptake by plants in urban parks has been studied less extensively. Urban parks typically form complex landscapes in space and time by integrating multiple species with open canopies. Thus, to better understand canopy photosynthesis in urban park, measuring spatial and temporal variations in photosynthetic parameters and canopy structural variables is essential. Here, we report seasonal and spatial variations in two key photosynthetic parameters (V-cmax and J(max) which are the maximum rates of carboxylation and electron transport, respectively) and leaf area index (LAI) in Seoul Forest Park. During the peak growing season, we found an eightfold difference (20 to 149 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) and fourfold difference (38 to 141 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) in V-cmax and J(max), respectively, across 10 species. Over the seasons, two woody species (Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino and Prunus yedoensis Matsum), respectively showed three- to fivefold differences in V-cmax and two- to fivefold differences in Jmax. We evaluated whether leaf nitrogen contents could predict V-cmax and J(max), and found significant correlations among the three variables during the peak growing season across 10 species, but no significant correlations among them over the seasons in the two woody species. LAI computed using in- situ observations and satellite remote-sensing imagery showed a high spatial heterogeneity during the growing season. These results highlight the considerable spatial and temporal variability in photosynthetic parameters and LAI, which implies that individual tree-based three-dimensional canopy modeling will be essential for accurate estimation of canopy photosynthesis in urban parks. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

关键词： Leaf area index Leaf nitrogen Maximum rate of carboxylation Maximum rate of electron transport Photosynthesis Urban park

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Evaluating landslide hazards using RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios

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ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES 2015年第3期73卷 1385-1400页

作者： Kim, Ho Gul Lee, Dong Kun Park, Chan Kil, Sungho Son, Yonghoon Park, Jin Han Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr Life Sci Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ CALS Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Natl Inst Environm Studies Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Texas A&M Univ Coll Architecture Dept Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning College Stn TX 77843 USA Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Seoul South Korea

Recently, extreme meteorological events have occurred frequently owing to climate change and its influence. Impacts of concentrated precipitation events include the damage caused by landslides. Many areas in Gangwondo (Korea) are located at high elevation and have large elevation differences;these areas are thus at high risk of landslides. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the landslide hazard of the province using representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios 4.5 and 8.5 and to compare results. This study produced an optimal landslide model for the province through analysis of variables and points of landslide origin. Estimates indicate that the landslide hazard area will increase to 154 km(2). The RCP 8.5 scenario showed a larger (by about 59 km 2) landslide hazard area than the RCP 4.5 scenario. The uncertainty of climate change scenarios was also explored using statistical values of each scenario period. An overlay analysis (overlay of landslide hazard areas and land cover map) showed that 40.6 % of farmlands would be susceptible to landslides in 2070-2099 (RCP 8.5). Additionally, damage to the alpine agriculture due to landslides was also identified as a critical area. In the RCP 8.5 scenario, the land-use types that occupy more than 20 % of the landslide hazard area are transportation, recreational facilities, and vinyl house for farming. This suggests that casualties from landslides will increase in future. It also highlights a lack of policies to manage development. Therefore, the local government of Gangwondo should consider landslide hazard areas when planning future land uses.

关键词： Climate change scenario Maximum entropy model Landslide susceptibility map Gangwondo

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The Seventeenth-century Transition of Seoul's Spatial Structure to Functional Pragmatism

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JOURNAL OF ASIAN architecture AND BUILDING ENGINEERING 2015年第2期14卷 419-426页

作者： Kwon, Youngsang Jeon, Bonghee Kim, Saehoon Seoul Natl Univ Urban Design Dept Civil & Environm Engn Integrated Res Inst Construct & Environm Engn Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Architecture & Architectural Engn Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Urban Studies & DesignDept Landscape Architectur Seoul 151742 South Korea

This paper explores the functional pragmatism embedded in the transformation of feudal Seoul's urban structure. Using historic maps drawn between 1751 and 1914 and an analytical method of space syntax, the paper documents changes in the distribution of major administrative buildings and streets in Seoul ("Hanseongbu") during the Joseon Dynasty. The results indicate that administrative buildings such as palaces, royal villas, economic authority buildings, and military headquarters were relocated along major commercial corridors such as Jongro and Namdaemunro Boulevard during the period. Based on a geographical information analysis, Jongro showed the highest street integration value over time, followed by the southwestern part of the city, because of the overlap between commercial boulevards and administrative buildings. The results suggest that the principle of urban design in which government districts were separated from commercial areas was incrementally abandoned during the late Joseon Dynasty. This functional merging was encoded into the shaping of contemporary Seoul instead of following the old Chinese regulation of urban-form making.

关键词： urban history Seoul space syntax urban design

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