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Matching high resolution satellite data and flux tower footprints improves their agreement in photosynthesis estimates

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AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY 2022年 316卷 108878-108878页

作者： Kong, Juwon Ryu, Youngryel Liu, Jiangong Dechant, Benjamin Rey-Sanchez, Camilo Shortt, Robert Szutu, Daphne Verfaillie, Joe Houborg, Rasmus Baldocchi, Dennis D. Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv Leipzig Germany Univ Leipzig Leipzig Germany Univ Calif Berkeley Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management Berkeley CA 94720 USA North Carolina State Univ Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci Raleigh NC USA Planet Labs San Francisco CA USA

Mapping canopy photosynthesis in both high spatial and temporal resolution is essential for carbon cycle monitoring in heterogeneous areas. However, well established satellites in sun-synchronous orbits such as Sentinel-2, Landsat and MODIS can only provide either high spatial or high temporal resolution but not both. Recently established CubeSat satellite constellations have created an opportunity to overcome this resolution trade-off. In particular, Planet Fusion allows full utilization of the CubeSat data resolution and coverage while maintaining high radiometric quality. In this study, we used the Planet Fusion surface reflectance product to calculate daily, 3-m resolution, gap-free maps of the near-infrared radiation reflected from vegetation (NIRvP). We then evaluated the performance of these NIRvP maps for estimating canopy photosynthesis by comparing with data from a flux tower network in Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California, USA. Overall, NIRvP maps captured temporal variations in canopy photosynthesis of individual sites, despite changes in water extent in the wetlands and frequent mowing in the crop fields. When combining data from all sites, however, we found that robust agreement between NIRvP maps and canopy photosynthesis could only be achieved when matching NIRvP maps to the flux tower footprints. In this case of matched footprints, NIRvP maps showed considerably better performance than in situ NIRvP in estimating canopy photosynthesis both for daily sum and data around the time of satellite overpass (R-2 = 0.78 vs. 0.60, for maps vs. in situ for the satellite overpass time case). This difference in performance was mostly due to the higher degree of consistency in slopes of NIRvP-canopy photosynthesis relationships across the study sites for flux tower footprint-matched maps. Our results show the importance of matching satellite observations to the flux tower footprint and demonstrate the potential of CubeSat constellation imagery to monitor cano

关键词： Near-infrared radiation reflected from vegetation NIRvP Photosynthesis Eddy covariance Footprint CubeSat

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Do blue-green roofs yield optimal thermal performance? Synergy analysis of the combination of green roofs and water retention layer

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JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING 2024年 95卷

作者： Yun, Seok Hwan Kim, Eun Sub Lee, Dong Kun Piao, Zheng Gang Kim, Sang Hyuck Kim, Nayoun Hwang, Hyemee Park, Seunghwan Bae, Chaeyoung Kim, Ji Yeon Piao, Yong Nam, Ye Kyung Heo, Sujung Lee, Jaehong Kang, Hyewon Jeon, Yoonho Nam, Sangwook Natl Inst Environm Studies Ctr Climate Change Adaptat Tsukuba Japan Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Pro Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Specialized Grad Sch Intelligent Ecosci Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Korea Inst Civil Engn & Bldg Technol Dept Bldg Energy Res Goyang Si Gyeonggi Do South Korea Suwon Res Inst Dept Urban Planning & Design Res Suwon South Korea SK Forest Smart Green Solut Team Seoul South Korea Cheongju Univ Sch Business Adm Cheongju Chungcheongbuk South Korea

Blue-green roofs can potentially enhance the outdoor thermal environment in urban areas and reduce indoor energy consumption. By integrating a water retention layer with green roofs, bluegreen roofs maximize environmental benefits through rainwater storage and increased evapotranspiration. This study evaluates the thermal performance of blue-green roofs during summer and examines their potential for microclimate improvement and energy savings. The study investigates the individual and interactive effects of the blue-green roof components by measuring the upper and lower surface temperatures with incremental application of soil, blue, and green layers and analyzing their synergistic benefits. The results indicate that blue-green roofs exhibited a cooling effect of up to 7.5 degrees C on the upper surface temperature and up to 17.4 degrees C on the lower surface temperature, showing the greatest potential for improving indoor and outdoor thermal comfort. The synergistic effect of the blue-green roof was -0.80 degrees C on the upper surface and +1.59 degrees C on the lower surface. This research provides an in-dept. investigation into the thermal performance of blue-green roofs in both indoor and outdoor spaces, highlighting their synergistic effects through incremental application. This contributes to climate-responsive architectural design and practices aimed at enhancing energy efficiency in building retrofitting for hot climates.

关键词： Thermal performance Blue green roof Water retention layer Building energy saving Cooling

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Tracking diurnal to seasonal variations of gross primary productivity using a geostationary satellite, GK-2A advanced meteorological imager

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2023年 284卷

作者： Jeong, Sungchan Ryu, Youngryel Dechant, Benjamin Li, Xing Kong, Juwon Choi, Wonseok Kang, Minseok Yeom, Jongmin Lim, Joongbin Jang, Keunchang Chun, Junghwa Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv Leipzig Germany Univ Leipzig Leipzig Germany Natl Ctr AgroMeteorol Seoul South Korea Korea Aerosp Res Inst Satellite Applicat Div 169-84 Gwahak Ro Daejeon 34133 South Korea Natl Inst Forest Sci Forest ICT Res Ctr Seoul South Korea

The diurnal sampling capability of geostationary satellites provides unprecedented opportunities for monitoring canopy photosynthesis at multiple temporal scales. At the diurnal scale, only geostationary satellites can currently provide sub-daily data at regular intervals, also it can help to minimize data gaps due to clouds at the seasonal scale. However, the potential of geostationary satellites for monitoring photosynthesis has not been explored in dept.. In this study, we tracked diurnal to seasonal variations in gross primary production (GPP) using the product of near-infrared reflectance of vegetation and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (NIRvP) over deciduous forests, mixed forests and a rice paddy during the growing season. For this purpose, we generated three levels of reflectance and PAR from Geostationary Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite-2A (GK-2A). We examined how NIRvP derived from GK-2A tracked in-situ GPP data collected from five flux tower sites in South Korea. Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) normalized NIRvP agreed well with in-situ GPP over the course of the growing season at hourly (R-2 = 0.68-0.77) and daily timesteps (R-2 = 0.71-0.83). Atmospheric correction and BRDF normalization improved the performance of NIRvP in tracking GPP at both the diurnal and seasonal time scales. Also, GK-2A showed a much higher percentage of available high-quality BRDF data over the whole growing season for all study sites than the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (GK-2A: 85%;MODIS: 39%), especially during the cloudy monsoon period. Our findings demonstrated that the unique observation characteristics of geostationary satellites can contribute to large-scale monitoring of diurnal to seasonal GPP dynamics.

关键词： Diurnal Geostationary satellite GK-2A GPP NIRvP Photosynthesis

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Integrating restorative perception into urban street planning: A framework using street view images, deep learning, and space syntax

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CITIES 2024年 147卷

作者： Wu, Yunfei Liu, Qiqi Hang, Tian Yang, Yihong Wang, Yijun Cao, Lei Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Art & Design Nanjing Peoples R China Nanjing Forestry Univ Dept Landscape Architecture Nanjing Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea Sanjiang Univ Dept Arts Nanjing Peoples R China 159 Longpan Rd Nanjing 210037 Peoples R China

Existing urban street planning often neglects human perception despite being designed for human utility. Therefore, exploring the relationship between urban street planning and human perception, especially restorative perception, is crucial for sustainable urban planning. In this study, we analyzed restorative perception of urban streets among different population groups and accessibility of urban streets using Baidu Street View Images, deep learning, and space syntax. Furthermore, we clarified the impacts of various street elements on restorative perception using correlation and ridge regression analyses. Based on restorative perception and accessibility coupling assessment, streets were classified into four types, identifying "inefficient segments" and "prioritized segments". The results showed that: 1) the level of restorative perception of streets in Nanjing was relatively limited and exhibited variation across different population groups;2) the impacts of different street elements on restorative perception varied, with trees having the highest positive impact (beta = 0.378), while walls had the greatest negative impact (beta = - 0.182);and 3) "prioritized segments" and "inefficient segments" represented 33.92 % and 17.96 %, respectively, indicating the urgent demand for streets planning and renewal. These findings can offer targeted recommendations for enhancing restorative environment of urban streets and identifying priority areas for urban street planning.

关键词： Restorative perception Urban street planning Street view image Deep learning Space syntax

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Evaluation of four image fusion NDVI products against in-situ spectral-measurements over a heterogeneous rice paddy landscape

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AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY 2021年 297卷 108255-108255页

作者： Kong, Juwon Ryu, Youngryel Huang, Yan Dechant, Benjamin Houborg, Rasmus Guan, Kaiyu Zhu, Xiaolin Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea Planet Labs San Francisco CA USA Univ Illinois Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci Urbana IL USA Univ Illinois Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat Urbana IL USA Aspiring Universe Corp Champaign IL USA Hong Kong Polytech Univ Dept Land Surveying & Geoinformat Hong Kong Peoples R China Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea

Satellite image fusion methods that improve spatial and temporal resolution have significant potential to advance understanding of ecosystem dynamics in space and time. However, systematic evaluations of image fusion methods against in situ spectral data are lacking. Here, we used a suite of in situ spectral data collected at 60 elementary sampling units (10 x 10 m) covering 15 Landsat pixel (30 x 30 m) plots and one Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) pixel (250 x 250 m) throughout the entire growing season in a heterogeneous rice paddy landscape to evaluate four state-of-the-art image fusion NDVI products. They include the Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (ESTARFM), Flexible Spatiotemporal DAta Fusion (FSDAF), SaTellite dAta IntegRation (STAIR), and the CubeSat Enabled Spatio-Temporal Enhancement Method (CESTEM);the former three blended Landsat and MODIS data, whereas the latter combined CubeSats, Landsat, and MODIS observations. All fusion products showed strong linear relationships against in situ data when combining all spatial and temporal observations (R-2: 0.73 to 0.93) although there were partly negative biases (-1% to -9%). These biases resulted from forcing data to image fusion algorithms, such as Landsat (-4%) and MODIS (-7%). Performance difference between fusion methods were considerably larger for spatial than for temporal variation. Furthermore, Landsat NDVI explained only 17-22% of spatial variation against in situ spectral data, which can be translated into weak performance of image fusion products to predict spatial variability in NDVI. Image fusion products that relied on spatial interpolation showed large biases (-15% to -30%) for a vegetation plot surrounded by mixed land cover plots. Our results highlight key sources of uncertainty and will be instrumental in improving satellite image fusion methods to monitor land surface phenology in space and time.

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Detecting spatial heat vulnerability in the city considering spatiotemporal population distribution: A focus on the elderly during daytime

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URBAN CLIMATE 2024年 56卷

作者： Lee, Seunghyun Lee, Jae Seung Kim, Saehoon Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Environm Design Urban Design Concentrat Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea 1 Gwanak ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

Escalating heatwaves induced by climate change are giving rise to a range of health issues. Traditionally, government policies focus on residential vulnerability, neglecting dynamic population shifts during workday heat peaks away from their residences. This study explores the influence of spatiotemporal population dynamics on the distribution of heatwave damage. Utilizing the data from Seoul, South Korea between 2017 and 2019, we assessed the relative risk of emergency visits for heat-related illnesses during heatwaves across hospital service areas. A multilevel regression approach was employed to examine the contributions of daytime and residential populations of vulnerable groups, while controlling for established heat vulnerability indicators. The results revealed a significant correlation between the relative risk of heat-related emergencies and the proportion of the daytime elderly population. These findings suggest that the daytime population, as compared to the residential population, can better capture vulnerable areas and individuals in the context of an urban heatwave. Consequently, the study proposes that local heat response policies consider the dynamic locations of vulnerable populations.

关键词： Heatwave Heat vulnerability Daytime population Dynamic population Relative risk Huff model

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landscape Design for Improved Thermal Environment: An Optimized Tree Arrangement Design for Climate-Responsive Outdoor Spaces in Residential Buildings Complexes

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2023年 97卷

作者： Kim, Ji Yeon Park, Chae Yeon Hyun, Jung Hee Kim, Sang Hyuck Yun, Seok Hwan Lee, Dong Kun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Pro Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Specialized Grad Sch Intelligent Ecosci Seoul 08826 South Korea SK Forest Smart Green Solut Team Seoul 03161 South Korea Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol Environm Management Res Inst Tsukuba 3058569 Japan Natl Inst Environm Studies Tsukuba 3058506 Japan Int Inst Appl Syst Anal Syst Risk & Resilience Res Grp Adv Syst Anal A-2361 Laxenburg Austria Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Korea Land & Housing Corp Publ Housing Business Div Housing Struct Estimate Off Jinju Si 52852 Gyeongsangnam D South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Lab Landscape Ecol & Climate Change Adaptat Room 92111Bldg 2001 Gwanak Ro Seoul 08826 South Korea

The heat reduction effect of trees has been investigated through numerical simulations;however, there are still challenges to applying the scientific results to the planning process due to the model's complexity and the computational resources required. This study investigates a rapid spatial evaluation method for heat stress potential, measured by mean radiant temperature (MRT), by decomposing radiation into sub-radiation using a multilayer MRT model. This method also enables the reproduction of optimized layouts considering the effect of tree arrangement in residential buildings. Multi-objectives were achieved through an evolutionary algorithm, resulting in more effective design layouts combining tree types and arrangements, all within a standard budget. By adopting this study's approach, landscape designers can create climate-responsive tree layouts with reduced heat exposure and generate customized planting designs tailored to their preferences.

关键词： Residential tree planting Urban heat Radiation transfer Optimization Urban vegetation Decision-making

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Scientific and local ecological knowledge, shaping perceptions towards protected areas and related ecosystem services

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landscape ECOLOGY 2020年第11期35卷 2549-2567页

作者： Cebrian-Piqueras, M. A. Filyushkina, A. Johnson, D. N. Lo, V. B. Lopez-Rodriguez, M. D. March, H. Oteros-Rozas, E. Peppler-Lisbach, C. Quintas-Soriano, C. Raymond, C. M. Ruiz-Mallen, I. van Riper, C. J. Zinngrebe, Y. Plieninger, T. Univ Gottingen Dept Agr Econ & Rural Dev Pl Gottinger Sieben 5 D-37073 Gottingen Germany Vrije Univ Amsterdam Inst Environm Studies IVM Boelelaan 1087 NL-1081 HV Amsterdam Netherlands Univ Illinois Dept Nat Resources & Environm Sci Urbana IL USA Swedish Univ Agr Sci Dept Landscape Architecture Planning & Management Sundsvagen 4 S-23053 Alnarp Sweden Univ Oberta Catalunya Internet Interdisciplinary Inst IN3 Av Carl Friedrich GaussParc Mediterrani Tecnol Barcelona 08860 Spain Univ Oberta Catalunya Estudis Econ & Empresa Av Tibidabo 39-43 Barcelona 08035 Spain Cent Univ Catalonia UVic UCC Univ Vic Chair Agroecol & Food Syst C Laura 13 Vic 08500 Spain Carl von Ossietzky Univ Oldenburg Landscape Ecol Grp IBU POB 2503 D-26111 Oldenburg Germany Univ Kassel Fac Organ Agr Sci Steinstr 19 D-37213 Witzenhausen Germany Univ Helsinki Helsinki Inst Sustainabil Sci Helsinki Finland Univ Helsinki Fac Biol & Environm Sci Ecosyst & Environm Res Program POB 65 Helsinki 00014 Finland Univ Helsinki Fac Agr & Forestry Sci Dept Econ & Management POB 65 Helsinki 00014 Finland Helmholtz Zentrum Umweltforsch UFZ Dept Nat Schutzforsch Permoserstr 15 D-04318 Leipzig Germany

Context Most protected areas are managed based on objectives related to scientific ecological knowledge of species and ecosystems. However, a core principle of sustainability science is that understanding and including local ecological knowledge, perceptions of ecosystem service provision and landscape vulnerability will improve sustainability and resilience of social-ecological systems. Here, we take up these assumptions in the context of protected areas to provide insight on the effectiveness of nature protection goals, particularly in highly human-influenced landscapes. Objectives We examined how residents' ecological knowledge systems, comprised of both local and scientific, mediated the relationship between their characteristics and a set of variables that represented perceptions of ecosystem services, landscape change, human-nature relationships, and impacts. Methods We administered a face-to-face survey to local residents in the Sierra de Guadarrama protected areas, Spain. We used bi- and multi-variate analysis, including partial least squares path modeling to test our hypotheses. Results Ecological knowledge systems were highly correlated and were instrumental in predicting perceptions of water-related ecosystem services, landscape change, increasing outdoors activities, and human-nature relationships. Engagement with nature, socio-demographics, trip characteristics, and a rural-urban gradient explained a high degree of variation in ecological knowledge. Bundles of perceived ecosystem services and impacts, in relation to ecological knowledge, emerged as social representation on how residents relate to, understand, and perceive landscapes. Conclusions Our findings provide insight into the interactions between ecological knowledge systems and their role in shaping perceptions of local communities about protected areas. These results are expected to inform protected area management and landscape sustainability.

关键词： Traditional ecological knowledge Ecosystem services Protected areas Local community Ecosystem vulnerability Biodiversity landscape sustainability Human-nature relationships Inclusive conservation

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Influences of COVID-19 pandemic on travel patterns across past, present, and future

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN SCIENCES 2024年第2期29卷

作者： Gim, Tae-Hyoung Tommy Park, Yunmi Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture I Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Civil & Environm Engn Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Inst Construct & Environm Engn Seoul South Korea

As societies strive to return to pre-COVID-19 norms, there's growing recognition of the profound changes people have experienced over the past two and a half years. This has prompted discussions on how to shape future transportation strategies to align with evolving lifestyles. Understanding people's travel patterns before, during, and after the pandemic is crucial for shaping post-pandemic actions. This study investigates the relationship between travel patterns across these phases, with a focus on the pandemic's mediating effects. Using structural equation modelling and data from 7,613 U.S. survey responses, we uncover noteworthy shifts in travel behaviour dynamics. During the pandemic, policy measures and sociodemographic factors significantly influenced travel. However, these effects may diminish as measures are lifted and vulnerabilities no longer correlate with sociodemographics. In contrast, past travel behaviour and attitudes, especially favouring alternative modes of transportation, are expected to have a more enduring impact in the post-pandemic era. This shift is likely to emerge 'strengthened new normal,' especially among those who reduced travel and embraced alternative modes. Future travel policies should anticipate and accommodate these evolving dynamics. Promoting diverse transportation modes beyond private vehicles will be crucial as travel behaviour undergoes transformation. Thus, policy formulation should consider a range of scenarios to address these changing preferences and behaviours.

关键词： Travel behaviour COVID-19 new normal lifestyle mediation effect partial least squares structural equation modelling

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Beyond Desakota: the urbanization process and spatial restructuring in contemporary Vietnam

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URBAN RESEARCH & PRACTICE 2023年第4期16卷 582-604页

作者： Hong, Nami Kim, Saehoon Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Urban Design Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Urban Design Concentrat Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Environm Planning Inst Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Integrated Major Smart City Global Convergence Seoul South Korea

This study explored Vietnam's urbanization process and spatial restructuring over the last 30 years to conceptualize a new phenomenon challenging the concept of desakota. We constructed socioeconomic and urban land cover data from 1987 to 2018. Furthermore, we compared the urbanization process with the economic transition and mapped urban land growth patterns. The study found the following urbanization features: (1) fluctuating process of urbanization by development stage in a transitional economy, (2) formation of heterogeneous spatial patterns in metropolitan regions, (3) dramatic landscape changes caused by capitalistic property developments, and (4) functional reordering among urban centers and newly urbanized areas.

关键词： Spatial urbanization urban land growth desakota Vietnam developing countries Southeast Asia

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