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Zonal classification of microclimates and their relationship with landscape design parameters in an urban park

landscape AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2019年第3期15卷 265-276页

作者： Li, Yingnan Song, Youngkeun Cho, Donggil Han, Zhen Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Grad Sch Environm Studies Dept Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea NEXUS Environm Design Ctr Seoul 16006 South Korea Jiangsu Univ Sch Arts Dept Environm Design Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu Peoples R China

Microclimates in urban areas arise through the interaction between prevailing weather conditions and landscape design parameters. A well-arranged landscape creates a pleasant outdoor environment. Additionally, theclassification of microclimates helps to illustrate variations therein and analyze influencing factors. This study classified microclimate zones (MZs) based on a statistical method and identified influential landscape design parameters with the aim of enhancing human comfort. We conducted our study at Yeouido Park in Seoul, Korea, which has various landscape design parameters, including tree canopy cover and ground surface type. A novel MZ classification method was developed in this study, then stepwise regression was used to analyze the relationship between microclimate and landscape design parameters. It was found that the MZ classification effectivelydemonstrated spatial microclimatic differences and characteristics on a park scale. The efficiency with which trees improved the microclimate depended on the ground surface type. However, the significant effects of landscape design parameters on the microclimate and human comfort differed by season and time of day. This study provides a statistical method for analyzing an urban microclimate and serves as a reference regarding how to effectively modify the meteorological environment on a microscale via landscape design, in both summer and winter urban outdoor spaces.

关键词： Microclimate zone classification Numerical modeling ENVI-met Microclimate variation

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Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence is more strongly related to absorbed light than to photosynthesis at half-hourly resolution in a rice paddy

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REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2018年 216卷 658-673页

作者： Yang, Kaige Ryu, Youngryel Dechant, Benjamin Berry, Joseph A. Hwang, Yorum Jiang, Chongya Kang, Minseok Min, Jongmin Kimm, Hyungsuk Kornfeld, Ari Yang, Xi Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Agr & Forest Meteorol Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul South Korea Carnegie Inst Sci Dept Global Ecol Stanford CA USA Natl Ctr Agro Meteorol Seoul South Korea Univ Virginia Dept Environm Sci Clark Hall Charlottesville VA 22903 USA

Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SiF) is increasingly used as a proxy for vegetation canopy photosynthesis. While ground-based, airborne, and satellite observations have demonstrated a strong linear relationship between SiF and gross primary production (GPP) at seasonal scales, their relationships at high temporal resolution across diurnal to seasonal scales remain unclear. In this study, far-red canopy SiF, GPP, and absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) were continuously monitored using automated spectral systems and an eddy flux tower over an entire growing season in a rice paddy. At half-hourly resolution, strong linear relationships between SiF and GPP (R-2 = 0.76) and APAR and GPP (R-2 = 0.76) for the whole growing season were observed. We found that relative humidity, diffuse PAR fraction, and growth stage influenced the relationships between SiF and GPP, and APAR and GPP, and incorporating those factors into multiple regression analysis led to improvements up to R-2 = 0.83 and R-2 = 0.88, respectively. Relationships between LUEp ( = GPP/APAR) and LUEf ( = SiF/APAR) were inconsistent at half-hourly and weak at daily resolutions (R 2 = 0.24). Both at diurnal and seasonal time scales with half-hourly resolution, we found considerably stronger linear relationships between SiF and APAR than between either SiF and GPP or APAR and GPP. Overall, our results indicate that for subdiurnal temporal resolution, canopy SiF in the rice paddy is above all a very good proxy for APAR at diurnal and seasonal time scales and that therefore SiF-based GPP estimation needs to take into account relevant environmental information to model LUEp. These findings can help develop mechanistic links between canopy SiF and GPP across multiple temporal scales.

关键词： Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SiF) Gross primary production (GPP) Absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) Light use efficiency (LUEp) Fluorescence yield (LUEf) Rice paddy

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Assessment of the vulnerability of industrial parks to flood in South Korea

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NATURAL HAZARDS 2016年第2期82卷 811-825页

作者： Ryu, JiEun Lee, Dong Kun Park, Chan Ahn, Yoonjung Lee, Seehyung Choi, Kwanglim Jung, TaeYong Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Univ Seoul Dept Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Korea Environm Inst Seoul South Korea Korea Chamber Commerce & Ind Business Inst Sustainable Dev Seoul South Korea Yonsei Univ Grad Sch Int Studies Seoul 120749 South Korea

Since recently, the potential of torrential downpour is increased and the flood damage shows increasing trend, in this study, the method to assess the flood vulnerability was established for the industrial parks, which is the driving power of the economic growth in Korea, and the results were analyzed. The vulnerability of each industrial parks was analyzed using three indicators: climate exposure, sensitivity and the adaptation ability, and the indicator value was calculated by selecting the proxy variable by each indicator. Among the primarily indicators, the final indicators were selected through the site investigation and in-dept. interview. The vulnerability assessment was performed not only for the present but for the future (2020s, 2050s and 2100s). In the analysis results, Ulsan Mipo National Industrial Park was the most vulnerable for the present but in 2020s, Gwangyang National Industrial Park and Myeongji-Noksan National Industrial Park in 2050s and 2100s were assessed as most vulnerable. In the results of flooding vulnerability assessment, south coast industrial parks are the most vulnerable region during baseline and future. In addition, such industrial parks mostly built in the early phase of industrialization and they have advantage in import and export but were represented to be highly vulnerable due to aged infrastructures. In the industrial parks, as the enterprises are concentrated, it is easy to exchange the information and logistics, but the damage of natural disasters due to flooding can be aggravated due to the characteristics of the concentration. Actually, there are some cases that the industrial parks and the enterprises received the flooing damage in the highly vulnerable area by the torrential downpour. In this study, the vulnerability assessment was performed for the flooding damage by the torrential downpour for the industrial parks and the potential that the this study can be used as a useful decision-making tool in deciding the priori

关键词： Climate change Flooding Vulnerability assessment Adaptation Climate exposure Heavy rain Industrial parks

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Influence of urban form on the cooling effect of a small urban river

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landscape AND URBAN PLANNING 2019年 183卷 26-35页

作者： Park, Chae Yeon Lee, Dong Kun Asawa, Takashi Murakami, Akinobu Kim, Ho Gul Lee, Myung Kyoon Lee, Ho Sang Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Coll Agr Life Sci Seoul South Korea Tokyo Inst Technol Sch Environm & Soc Dept Architecture & Bldg Engn Tokyo Japan Univ Tsukuba Grad Sch Syst & Informat Engn Dept Policy & Planning Sci Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Cheongju Univ Dept Human Environm Design Major Landscape Urban Planning Cheongju South Korea Tech Univ Denmark Dept Engn Management UNEP DTU Partnership Lyngby Denmark

Urban warming due to increased urbanization is becoming a serious environmental problem, requiring urban planners to consider heat mitigation strategies that reduce urban air temperature. Urban rivers play an important role in reducing urban heat through evaporation and transfer of sensible heat, known as the river cooling effect (RCE). We used detailed field measurements to calculate the river cooling intensity (RCI) and river cooling distance (RCD) for the Cheonggye River in Seoul, Korea in order to determine the relationship between RCE and urban form at different times of day during summer. Our results showed that the Cheonggye River had a mean RCI of 0.46 degrees C and a mean RCD of 32.7 m at 2 p.m. and a mean RCI of 0.37 degrees C and a mean RCD of 37.2 m at 10 p.m. Spatial variations in RCE were negatively correlated with street width and mean building height at 2 p.m., indicating that narrower streets and lower buildings would improve the RCE. In addition, temporal variations in RCE were related to changes wind speed at similar humidity levels. Our results show that the urban form surrounding a river can affect the local RCE, suggesting that landscape and urban planners should consider urban form as a variable affecting urban heat and RCE.

关键词： Urban warming Mobile survey Cooling effect Street width Building height Wind speed

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First report of cucumber mosaic virus infecting Bidens frondosa (devil's beggarticks) in Korea

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JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023年第4期105卷 1739-1740页

作者： Min, Gyeong-Geun Park, Tae-Seon Park, Ji-Soo Min, Dong-Joo Song, Eun-Gyeong Ryu, Ki-Hyun Hong, Jin-Sung Kangwon Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Smart Agr Chunchon 24341 South Korea Seoul Womens Univ Dept Hort Biotechnol & Landscape Architecture Plant Virus GenBank Seoul South Korea

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Participatory Framework for Urban Pluvial Flood Modeling in the Digital Twin Era

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SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2024年 108卷

作者： Park, Samuel Kim, Jaekyoung Kim, Yejin Kang, Junsuk Seoul Natl Univ Res Ctr Reg Climate Crisis Response Seoul 08826 South Korea Purdue Univ Lyles Sch Civil Engn W Lafayette IN 47907 USA Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Transdisciplinary Program Smart City Global Conver Landscape Architecture & Transdisciplinary Progra Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea

The recent advancement in digital twin technology, which creates virtual replicas of real-world processes, offers an interactive testbed for understanding and predicting environmental changes. As pluvial flood damage escalates globally in urban areas, there remains a gap in understanding the most effective collaboration between governments and local residents for sustainable flood risk management. To address this gap, we develop a participatory framework for urban pluvial flood modeling, incorporating open source software, virtual reality, minimum viable product, and gamification components. This framework engages citizens in every phase of the participatory modeling process, from input data preparation, through hydrological model construction, to model verification, and experiments. We present a case study on the recurring pluvial flood damages in South Korea's Gangnam region, demonstrating the practical implications of an interactive, web-based crowdsourcing platform to leverage community engagement and local knowledge. The results underscore the evidence of a proactive role for citizens, not merely as recipients of disaster information but as key contributors collaborating with a range of stakeholders in stormwater management and modeling. Combining digital twin technology with citizen participation can empower informed decision-making and collective actions in the evolving digital era, leading to a disaster-resilient community.

关键词： Citizen participation Crowdsourcing platform Digitalization Rapid flood spreading model (RFSM) 3D inundation mapping Volunteered geographic information (VGI)

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Predicting the Potential Distribution of an Invasive Species, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), under Climate Change using Species Distribution Models

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ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018年第6期48卷 505-513页

作者： Sung, Sunyong Kwon, Yong-Su Lee, Dong Kun Cho, Youngho Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul South Korea Natl Inst Ecol Bur Ecol Survey Assessment Seocheon South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul South Korea Natl Inst Ecol Bur Ecol Survey Assessment Environm Impact Assessment Team Seocheon 33657 South Korea

The red imported fire ant is considered one of the most notorious invasive species because of its adverse impact on both humans and ecosystems. Public concern regarding red imported fire ants has been increasing, as they have been found seven times in South Korea. Even if red imported fire ants are not yet colonized in South Korea, a proper quarantine plan is necessary to prevent their widespread distribution. As a basis for quarantine planning, we modeled the potential distribution of the red imported fire ant under current climate conditions using six different species distribution models (SDMs) and then selected the random forest (RF) model for modeling the potential distribution under climate change. We acquired occurrence data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and bioclimatic data from WorldClim. We modeled at the global scale to project the potential distribution under the current climate and then applied models at the local scale to project the potential distribution of the red imported fire ant under climate change. Modeled results successfully represent the current distribution of red imported fire ants. The potential distribution area for red imported fire ants increased to include major harbors and airports in South Korea under the climate change scenario (RCP 8.5). Thus, we are able to provide a potential distribution of red imported fire ant that is necessary to establish a proper quarantine plan for their management to minimize adverse impacts of climate change.

关键词： Invasive species Quarantine plan Red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Species distribution models

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A Multi-Layer Model for Transpiration of Urban Trees Considering Vertical Structure

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FORESTS 2020年第11期11卷 1164-1164页

作者： Yun, Seok Hwan Park, Chae Yeon Kim, Eun Sub Lee, Dong Kun Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Natl Inst Environm Studies Ctr Social & Environm Syst Res Tsukuba Ibaraki 3050053 Japan Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr Life Sci Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Smart City Global Convergence Program Seoul 08826 South Korea

As the intensity of the urban heat island effect increases, the cooling effect of urban trees has become important. Urban trees cool surfaces during the day via shading, increasing albedo and transpiration. Many studies are being conducted to calculate the transpiration rate;however, most approaches are not suitable for urban trees and oversimplify plant physiological processes. We propose a multi-layer model for the transpiration of urban trees, accounting for plant physiological processes and considering the vertical structure of trees and buildings. It has been expanded from an urban canopy model to accurately simulate the photosynthetically active radiation and leaf surface temperature. To evaluate how tree and surrounding building conditions affect transpiration, we simulated the transpiration of trees in different scenarios such as building height (i.e., 1H, 2H and 3H, H = 12 m), tree location (i.e., south tree and north tree in a E-W street), and vertical leaf area density (LAD) (i.e., constant density, high density with few layers, high density in middle layers, and high density in lower layers). The transpiration rate was estimated to be more sensitive to the building height and tree location than the LAD distribution. Transpiration-efficient trees differed depending on the surrounding condition and plant location. This model is a useful tool that provides guidelines on the planting of thermo-efficient trees depending on the structure or environment of the city.

关键词： urban heat island urban street tree transpiration multi-layer model urban canopy model cooling effect

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Estimating the heights and diameters at breast height of trees in an urban park and along a street using mobile LiDAR

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landscape AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2019年第3期15卷 253-263页

作者： Heo, Han Kyul Lee, Dong Kun Park, Jin Han Thorne, James H. Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture Seoul 08826 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Coll Agr Life Sci Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Seoul 08826 South Korea Texas A&M Univ Dept Ecosyst Sci & Management College Stn TX 77843 USA Univ Calif Davis Dept Environm Sci & Policy Davis CA 95616 USA

Because trees can positively influence local environments in urban ecosystems, it is important to measure their morphological characteristics, such as height and diameter at breast height (DBH). However, measuring these data for each individual tree is a time-consuming process that requires a great deal of manpower. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using mobile LiDAR to estimate tree height and DBH along urban streets and in urban parks. We compared measurements from a mobile LiDAR unit with field measurements of tree height and DBH in urban parks and streets. The height-above-ground and Pratt circle fit methods were applied to calculate tree height and DBH, respectively. The LiDAR-estimated tree heights were highly accurate albeit slightly underestimated, with a root mean square error of 0.359m for the street trees and 0.462m for the park trees. On the other hand, the estimated DBHs were moderately accurate and overestimated, with a root mean square error of 3.77cm for the street trees and 8.95cm for the park trees. Densely planted trees in the park and obstacles in urban areas result in shadows (areas with no data), reducing accuracy. Irregular trunk shapes and scanned data that did not include full data point coverage of every trunk were the reasons for the errors. Despite these errors, this study highlights the potential of tree measurements obtained with mobile terrestrial LiDAR platforms to be scaled up from point-based locations to neighborhood-scale and city-scale inventories.

关键词： Point cloud Urban ecology Tree structure Remote sensing Simultaneous localization and mapping

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Do Silver Zones reduce auto-related elderly pedestrian collisions? Based on a case in Seoul, South Korea

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ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018年 119卷 104-113页

作者： Choi, Yunwon Yoon, Heeyeun Jung, Eunah Seoul Natl Univ Interdisciplinary Program Landscape Architecture 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 151742 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Dept Landscape Architecture & Rural Syst Engn Coll Agr & Life Sci 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 151921 South Korea Seoul Natl Univ Res Inst Agr & Life Sci 1 Gwanak Ro Seoul 151921 South Korea

Inaugurated in 2007, in Seoul, South Korea, the Silver Zone is a designated pedestrian safety zone for the elderly that adopts speed limit measures such as traffic signage and road surface markings. In this study, we empirically investigate the effectiveness of the Silver Zone in two respects: first, whether the establishment of the Silver Zone has lowered the number of elderly pedestrian collisions, and second, whether Silver Zones are established in the appropriate areas, that is, those with the highest frequency of such collisions. From our quasi-experimental statistical analysis, Difference-in-Difference, we learn that the Silver Zone has no effects on reducing elderly pedestrian collisions. From our spatial statistical analyses-Kernel Density mapping and Bivariate Moran's I-we found a spatial mismatch between the frequency of senior pedestrian-vehicular collisions and the location of Silver Zones. For better performance of the Silver Zone system, we suggest additional types of physical measures to be integrated into the Silver Zone system. Municipal-level comprehensive master plan for Silver Zone system is also necessary, under which local governments should use periodic surveys to inventory and prioritise the locations of highest elderly pedestrian-vehicular collisions.

关键词： Silver Zone Pedestrian safety Generalised linear model Difference-in-difference Bivariate Moran's I Kernel density mapping

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