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Renewable energy systems: Comparisons, challenges and barriers, sustainability indicators, and the contribution to UN sustainable development goals

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2023年 20卷

作者： Olabi, A.G. Elsaid, Khaled Obaideen, Khaled Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali Rezk, Hegazy Wilberforce, Tabbi Maghrabie, Hussein M. Sayed, Enas Taha Dept. of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre RISE University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mechanical Engineering and Design Aston University School of Engineering and Applied Science Aston Triangle Birmingham B4 7ET United Kingdom Chemical Engineering Program Texas A&M University at Qatar P.O. 23874 Doha Qatar Chemical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Minia University Elminia Egypt Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering South Valley University Qena83521 Egypt

Because of the harsh environmental impacts of fossil fuels, price fluctuation, and resource limitation, renewable energy resources (RERs) are considered the ultimate solution to overcome these challenges. RERs are also abundant and environmentally friendly. It has been reported that the growth rates in renewable energy installations have increased by 8–9% annually since 2010, reaching a cumulative capacity of 2.9 TW by 2020 and exceeding the growth rate for fossil resources. In this work, the different RERs have been critically discussed in terms of their operation principles, advantages, disadvantages, and associated environmental impacts, focusing on wind and solar energies as the most deployed RERs. Barriers to the full deployment of RERs to replace fossil resources are discussed. Based on the discussion presented on RERs, the contribution of deploying RERs towards the achievement of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is also critically discussed. A total of 80 indicators have been identified for RERs' contribution toward the achievement of SDGs. © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： Environmental impact

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Fabrication of tantalum silicate films with low TCR and low resistivity by magnetron sputtering

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Vacuum 2024年 226卷

作者： Chen, Cheng-Lung Huang, Cheng Chen, Sheng-Chi Liu, Yen-Chen Chuang, Min-Chen Wen, Chao-Kuang Huang, Wei-Sheng Yang, Wen-Sheng Chen, Yang-Yuan Graduate School of Materials Science National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin64002 Taiwan Department of Materials Engineering and Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies Ming Chi University of Technology 243 New Taipei City Taiwan College of Engineering and Center for Green Technology Chang Gung University 333 Taoyuan Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Plasma and Thin Film Technology Ming Chi University of Technology 243 New Taipei City Taiwan TPH Research & Develop Dept. Chien Hwa Coating Technology Inc. Hsinchu300 Taiwan National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd. General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing100088 China Institute of Physics Academia Sinica 115 Taipei Taiwan

Tantalum silicate (Ta–Si–O) thin film materials have gained significant interest in hybrid renewable energy systems and thin-film resistors due to their exceptional thermal stability and adjustable electrical properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of target compositions and sputtering power densities on the material structures, chemical compositions, microstructures, and electrical properties of Ta–Si–O films. Two target compositions, Ta65(SiO2)35 and Ta80(SiO2)20, were utilized in the deposition process. Notably, we observed substantial variations in the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) value and resistivity of Ta–Si–O thin films with different Ta concentrations. Most importantly, when the Ta content of the film is controlled at 62 ± 0.6 % by using this target, the resistivity of the Ta0.62Si0.20O0.18 film can be as small as 2.31 ± 0.05 × 10−4 Ω-cm and has an extremely small TCR of 22 ± 0.4 ppm/°C, which shows an excellent opportunity for the development of precision thin film resistors. A TCR value close to zero can be finely tuned by controlling the Ta concentration in the Ta–Si–O film. These intriguing electrical behaviors were found to be highly correlated with the predominant formation of metallic Ta5Si3 as the main structural phase in the films. This work presents a simple and effective approach to produce Ta–Si–O thin films with near-zero TCR, making them highly suitable for applications under high-temperature conditions. Our findings contribute to the development of tailored thin film materials with desirable electrical properties for advanced electronic and energy devices. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Thin films

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On High-Fluence Irradiation Hardening of Nine RPV Surveillance Steels in the UCSB ATR-2 Experiment: Implications for Extended-Life Embrittlement Predictions

On High-Fluence Irradiation Hardening of Nine RPV Surveillan...

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2022 Symposium on Radiation Embrittlement Trend Curves and Equations and Their Use for RPV Integrity Evaluations

作者： Nanstad, Randy K. Almirall, Nathan Wells, Peter Server, William L. Sokolov, Mikhail A. Long, Elliot J. Robert Odette, G. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Materials Science and Technology Division P.O. Box 2008 Oak RidgeTN37831 United States Dept. of Mechanical Engineering University of California Santa Barbara Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States ATI Consulting P.O. Box 879 Black MountainNC28711 United States Electric Power Research Institute 3420 Hillview Ave. Palo AltoCA94304 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780803177413

Nine archival reactor pressure vessel (RPV) surveillance steels from commercial nuclear power plants were irradiated in the University of California, Santa Barbara Advanced Test Reactor 2 (ATR-2) experiment to evaluate irradiation embrittlement under low-flux surveillance capsule versus higher flux test reactor (ATR-2) conditions. The postirradiation measurements of irradiation hardening, measured as increases in yield stress (Δσy), and corresponding conversions of Δσy to Charpy V-notch 41-J transition temperature shifts (ΔTc) are compared with various embrittlement trend curve (ETC) model predictions for the nine steels. Tensile and converted shear punch and microhardness measurements of Δσy generally show a continuing increase between intermediate and high ATR-2 fluences. The Eason-Odette-Nanstad-Yamamoto and ASTM E900 ETC models underpredict embrittlement at the ATR-2 irradiation condition: irradiation temperature (Ti) of 292°C, neutron fluence (t) of 1.4 × 1020 n/cm2 (E > 1 MeV), and neutron flux () of 3.68 × 1012 n/cm2-s. On average, the French FIS and Japanese JAEC ETCs slightly overpredict the ATR-2 data. The increase in Δσy with higher fluence is primarily due to Ni-Mn-Si precipitates, which slowly evolve in both nearly copper-free and copper-bearing steels. Finally, a new Odette-Wells-Almirall-Yamamoto embrittlement model is shown that yields good predictions for the nine steels at high fluences (t > 5.5 × 1019 n/cm2). © 2023 ASTM International. All rights reserved.

关键词： Yield stress

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Pores on Pores: A Novel Approach to Fabricate Super Adsorbents from Medical Plastic Waste for Large Co2 Capture and Dye Removal

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ghosh, Barnali Dasgupta Roy, Sunanda Goh, Kheng Lim Kim, Jaehwan Ahn, Hyeok Jun Chang, Young-Wook CRC for Nanocellulose Future Composites Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Inha University 100 Inha-ro Incheon22212 Korea Republic of Faculty of Science Agriculture & Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU United Kingdom Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology Mesra India Polymer Nano Materials Lab Dept of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center Hanyang University Jharkhand 835215 Gyeonggi-do Ansan15588 Korea Republic of

Recently, a profound interest has been developed in preparing adsorbents (mostly carbon-based) for CO2 capture due to increasing global warming. Unfortunately, the adsorption capacity is still not satisfactory due to inadequate coordination between the surface pores and surface chemistry, the key players in adsorption. This article describes a new strategy to produce highly effective adsorbents, capable of absorbing a large CO2 from ambient conditions (35°C, 1atm). The adsorbents were produced from used face masks (FMs), a highly produced medical waste in current times. The high adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was incorporated through a novel surface functionalization process that generates numerous additional hierarchical pores on the pre-designed porous adsorbents, and more effective chemical binding sites, prerequisites for heavy CO2 capture. Firstly, the FMs were converted into porous activated carbon fibers (ACFs) under controlled conditions and then modified the surface with polydopamine (pDA) assisted tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) grafting. After modification, the adsorbent (TEPA-pDA-ACFs) showed 648% and 24% higher CO2 adsorption capacity (3.89 mmol/g) than that of the pristine FMs (0.52 mmol/g) and ACFs (3.89 mmol/g), respectively. The value was found superior to many recently reported carbon adsorbents. Moreover, the adsorbent displayed excellent regeneration (>98%) and recycling ability even after several cycles. Interestingly, the adsorbent further showed outstanding multi-dye removal capacities (both cationic and anionic) from aqueous solutions. The removal efficiency remained >94% even after 9 cycles of adsorption-desorption. These results conclude that TEPA-pDA-ACFs could be highly promising adsorbents for the development of sustainable earth. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Activated carbon

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Synergistic Effect of Allium-Like Ni9s8 & Cu7s4 Electrodeposited on Nickel Foam for Enhanced Water Splitting Activity

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Mottakin, M. Selvanathan, Vidhya Islam, Md. Ariful Almohamadi, Hamad Alharthi, Nabeel H. Yoshimura, Satoru Akhtaruzzaman, Md. Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Dept. of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University Gopalganj8100 Bangladesh Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Islamic University of Madinah Madinah41411 Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Islamic University of Madinah Madinah41411 Saudi Arabia Mechanical Engineering Department College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh11421 Saudi Arabia Research Center of Advanced Materials for Breakthrough Technology Graduate School of Engineering Science Akita University 1-1 Tegatagakuen-machi Akita010-8502 Japan Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan

This study explores a water-splitting activity using biphasic electrodeposited electrode on nickel foam (NF). The Ni9S8/Cu7S4/NF electrode with sulfur vacancy defects exhibits superior OER (oxygen evolution reaction) and HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) performance with reduced overpotential and a steeper Tafel slope. Ni9S8/Cu7S4/NF displays the ultra-low overpotential value of 212 mV for OER and 109 mV for HER at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. The Tafel slope of 25.4 mV dec−1 for OER and 108 mV dec−1 for OER was found from that electrode. The maximum electrochemical surface area (ECSA), lowest series resistance and lowest charge transfer resistance are found in the sample with sulfur vacancy defects, showing increased electrical conductivity and quick charge transfer kinetics. Remarkably, the Ni9S8/Cu7S4/NF electrode demonstrated exceptional stability and was stable for 80 hours in pure water splitting and 20 hours in seawater splitting. The synergistic effect of using bimetallic (Cu & Ni) sulfide and enhanced electrical conductivity of the electrode are caused by sulfur vacancy defects resulting in improved water splitting performance. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrocatalysts

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Facile Electrodeposition of Biphasic Cusx/Cosx Nanostructures as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Seawater Splitting

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Akhtaruzzaman, Md. Mottakin, M. Selvanathan, Vidhya Razali, Syaza Amira Islam, Md. Ariful Almohamadi, Hamad Alharthi, Nabeel H. Yoshimura, Satoru Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Dept. of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University Gopalganj8100 Bangladesh Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Islamic University of Madinah Madinah41411 Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Islamic University of Madinah Madinah41411 Saudi Arabia Mechanical Engineering Department College of Engineering King Saud University Riyadh11421 Saudi Arabia Research Center of Advanced Materials for Breakthrough Technology Graduate School of Engineering Science Akita University 1-1 Tegatagakuen-machi Akita City010-8502 Japan Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba Ibaraki Tsukuba305-8573 Japan

Development of seawater splitting is essential for the sustainable hydrogen energy production via electrocatalysis. In this study, a facile electrodeposition technique is adopted to design a copper sulfide/cobalt sulfide biphasic composition on nickel foam as bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In saline water, bi-phasic CoSx/CuSx@NF catalyst provides the minimal overpotential of 230 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and 390 mV at 100 mA cm−2 for OER. The electrode exhibits the Tafel slope of 133.4 mV dec−1. CoSx/CuSx@NF catalyst also provides the minimal overpotential of 113 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for HER. From FESEM analysis, it was deduced that the interconnected nanosheet and nanoflower structure in CoSx/CuSx@NF provides high surface area and lowered interfacial resistance for improving OER and HER activity. The catalyst shows excellent multifunctional activity in urea oxidation reaction (UOR). The electrodes showed good stability in alkaline, chloride solutions by retaining its activity up to 24 hours for OER and 60 hrs for HER. This study demonstrates a highly stable, reproducible, cost-effective electrodeposited biphasic catalyst for OER, HER, and UOR. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electrocatalysts

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Pulsed electric current annealing of (Ni,Cu)-rich Ti 49 Ni 41 Cu 10 shape memory wire for superior superelasticity and stable elastocaloric cooling effect

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Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2024年 1004卷

作者： Yu Cheng Chih-Hsuan Chen Dept. of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan ROC Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei 106 Taiwan ROC

This study designed a (Ni,Cu)-rich Ti 49 Ni 41 Cu 10 shape memory wire annealed by pulsed electric treatment of 60 A/mm 2 for 0.3 sec. Granular and strip-type Ti(Ni,Cu) 2 precipitates, formed before application of the electric current treatment, facilitated the plastic deformation during the wire drawing process. The wire demonstrated stability in superelasticity and elastocaloric cooling capability. The accumulated residual strain was only 0.15 % after 50 superelastic cycles with an applied strain of 3.5 % at 338 K. The elastocaloric temperature drop of the wire remained at about 9.4 K for 50 cycles. Moreover, under 3 % applied strain, the wire exhibited elastocaloric temperature drops of 5.3 K to 8.1 K within the application window of 323 K to 373 K. TEM observations confirmed that the grain size of the wire was about 20–30 nm, which led to the homogeneous superelasticity performance. Furthermore, the superior compatibility between the B2 and B19 phases reduced plastic deformation at the interfaces during martensitic transformation. The stable functionality and elastocaloric cooling capacity of the wire originated from the combination of nanocrystalline structure and superior compatibility between the B2 and B19 phases. These results demonstrated that the Ti 49 Ni 41 Cu 10 SMA wire could be fabricated due to the presence of ductile Ti(Ni,Cu) 2 precipitates, and the subsequent pulsed electric current treatment caused rapid annealing to achieve a stable functional performance.

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Direct Visualization of Localized Vibrations at Complex Grain Boundaries

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Hoglund, Eric R. Bao, De-Liang O'Hara, Andrew Pfeifer, Thomas W. Hoque, Md Shafkat Bin Makarem, Sara Howe, James M. Pantelides, Sokrates T. Hopkins, Patrick E. Hachtel, Jordan A. Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37235 United States Dept. of Physics University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37830 United States

Grain boundaries (GBs) are a prolific microstructural feature that dominates the functionality of a wide class of materials. The change in functionality at a GB is a direct result of unique local atomic arrangements, different from those in the grain, that have driven extensive experimental and theoretical studies correlating atomic-scale GB structures to macroscopic electronic, infrared-optical, and thermal properties.1-8 Here, we examine a SrTiO3 GB using atomic-resolution aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and ultrahigh-energy-resolution monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This combination enables the direct correlation of the GB structure, composition, and chemical bonding with atomic vibrations within the GB dislocation-cores. We observe that nonstoichiometry and changes in coordination and bonding at the GB leads to a redistribution of vibrational states at the GB and its dislocation-cores relative to the bounding grains. The access to localized vibrations within GBs provided by ultrahigh spatial/spectral resolution EELS correlated with atomic coordination, bonding, and stoichiometry and validated by theory, provides a direct route to quantifying the impact of individual boundaries on macroscopic properties. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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Characterization of Anisotropic mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites Manufactured by a Hybrid Additive Manufacturing-Compression Molding Process using X-ray Computer Tomography 16

Characterization of Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Pol...

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Nondestructive Characterization and Monitoring of Advanced materials, Aerospace, Civil Infrastructure, and Transportation XVI 2022

作者： Pokkalla, Deepak Kumar Kumar, Vipin Jo, Eonyeon Hassen, Ahmed Arabi Cakmak, Ercan Alwekar, Shailesh P. Kunc, Vlastimil Vaidya, Uday Baid, Harsh K. Kim, Seokpum Manufacturing Science Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cherahala Blvd KnoxvilleTN37932 United States Materials Science and Technology Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN37830 United States Dept. of Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical Engineering University of Tennessee Estabrook Rd KnoxvilleTN37996 United States AlphaSTAR Corporation Pacific Coast Highway Long BeachCA90804 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781510649705

ISBN: (纸本)9781510649699

In this study, anisotropic stiffness tensors were reconstructed based on fiber orientation distributions obtained from X-ray computer tomography (xCT). A preform was manufactured via a big area additive manufacturing (BAAM) system with carbon fiber (CF) filled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The tailored preform from additive manufacturing (AM) was used in the compression molding (CM) process to produce a low-void high-performance thermoplastic composite panel. An xCT technique was employed to detect the fiber orientations in CF/ABS composites manufactured via three different methods: AM from BAAM, extrusion compression molding (ECM), and AM-CM. The anisotropic stiffness tensor was obtained from the composite panel manufactured via the three manufacturing methods (AM, ECM, and AM-CM). A micromechanics theory was used to obtain the orthotropic stiffness tensors of the composite panels and compared with the experimental values. The predicted stiffness tensors of AM and AM-CM composite panels were used to study the deformation characteristics of a steering wheel during airbag deployment by performing finite element analysis (FEA). The approach developed in this study can be utilized for evaluating high-performance composites. © 2022 SPIE.

关键词： 3D printers

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Micromobility: Progress, benefits, challenges, policy and regulations, energy sources and storage, and its role in achieving sustainable development goals

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2023年 17卷

作者： Olabi, A.G. Wilberforce, Tabbi Obaideen, Khaled Sayed, Enas Taha Shehata, Nabila Alami, Abdul Hai Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali Dept. of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering University of Sharjah P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mechanical Engineering and Design Aston University School of Engineering and Applied Science Birmingham Aston TriangleB4 7ET United Kingdom Center for Advanced Materials Research University of Sharjah PO Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Faculty of Engineering Minia University Elminia Egypt Environmental Science and Industrial Development Department Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt

Micromobility is dominant in urban areas, enhancing the transportation sustainability and assisting in fulfilling the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This work provides an overall assessment of micromobility: its role under SDGs, policy options, micromobility regulations, emerging technologies, utilisation determinants, energy source, and energy storage. The analysis shows that micromobility could play a major role in achieving the SDGs, specifically SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) by lowering toxic gas emissions and reducing projected traffic accidents. Also, the effect on SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) by reducing the transportation footprint, on SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by increasing transposition accessibility, reducing traffic congestion and improving the air quality, and equally on SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) by reducing transportation footprint and increase the sources efficiency. Moreover, micromobility affects SDG 13 (Climate Action) by reducing the greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the analysis shows a clear gap in literature and publications on micromobility, especially in energy management and energy storage area. This review shows that new technology of renewable energy and energy storage could play a significant role in achieving the sustainability of micromobility therefore achieving the SDGs. © 2023

关键词： Sustainable development

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