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Characterization of Sub-Bandgap Energy States in CuInxGa(i-x)Se2 and Transparent Conducting Oxides with Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2018年第S1期24卷 456-457页

作者： Julia I. Deitz Pran K. Paul Shankar Karki Sylvain Marsillac Aaron R. Arehart John M. Walls Jake W. Bowers Tyler J. Grassman David W. McComb Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA. Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA. Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA. Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology Dept. of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering Loughborough University Loughborough Leicestershire UK.

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Demosaicing algorithms for the improvement of spatial resolution and accuracy in color ratio pyrometry 10

Demosaicing algorithms for the improvement of spatial resolu...

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10th U.S. National Combustion Meeting

作者： Giassi, Davide Long, Marshall B. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT United States

In recent years, imaging diagnostics capable of returning quantitative information based on the use of digital color cameras have been adopted due to their simplicity and robustness. With proper characterization of the detectors' spectral response, quantities like temperature, soot volume fraction, and radical species concentration have been successfully measured. An upcoming set of experiments onboard the International Space Station (Advanced Combustion via Microgravity Experiments, or ACME) will rely on a Prosilica color CCD as one of the main scientific cameras. Preliminary tests, and comparisons with validated results, have been done to assess the ability of the camera to return accurate quantitative data;it was found that, when employing color ratio techniques (such as color ratio pyrometry), steep intensity gradients were not correctly reproduced. Ratio techniques assume that pixels measuring different colors sample the same spatial location but, when the pixel density or the image magnification is low, this assumption is no longer valid. This is particularly problematic when the technique used to separate the different color channels in a raw image results in spatial resolution that is halved. Different demosaicing (i.e. interpolating) algorithms have been investigated and found to be effective in maintaining the original image resolution and in returning more accurate results with a decreased image noise. © 2017 Eastern States Section of the Combustion Institute. All rights reserved.

关键词： Color

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Numerical study of round jet impingement in proximity of ground and a water surface 48th

Numerical study of round jet impingement in proximity of gro...

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48th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, 2018

作者： Gao, Han Liu, Quanzhong Qu, Qiulin Agarwal, Ramesh K. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO63130 United States Dept. of Fluid Machinery and Control Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO63130 United States Institute of Fluid Mechanics Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO63130 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624105531

ISBN: (纸本)9781624105531

The goal of this paper is to study the difference in aerodynamics and flow physics of an air jet impinging on a solid ground and a water surface at low subsonic Mach numbers with different heights above the ground. Single air jet impingement on solid ground and water surface with baffle plate around the jet exit is simulated by employing the incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with k-Ε turbulence model, and Volume of Fluid (VOF) tracking method for air/water interface. The simulation results show that at the same (small) impingement height, there is increase in lift force on the baffle plate due to impingement on the water surface which is contrary to the lift loss experienced in the presence of solid ground. Furthermore, in case of impingement on water surface, the simulation results at the same velocity but at different heights above the water surface show that the lift increase at lower height tends to become smaller as the height above the water surface increases finally showing a loss in lift as the jet exit moves from small distance to very large distance. © 2018, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Jets

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Rigidity controls human desmoplastic matrix anisotropy to enable pancreatic cancer invasion via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Malik, R. Luong, T. Cao, X. Han, B. Shah, N. Han, L. Shenoy, V.B. Lelkes, P.I. Cukierman, E. Cancer Biology Program Fox Chase Cancer Center Dept. Bioengineering Temple University Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems Drexel University

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) encompasses a fibrous-like tumor-associated stroma, desmoplasia, produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). As desmoplasia plays dual pro- and anti-tumor roles, efforts are being made to induce its anti-tumor functions for therapeutic gain. We conducted biomechanical manipulations, using variations of pathological and physiological substrates in vitro, to culture patient-harvested CAFs and generate desmoplastic CAF-derived extracellular matrices (CDMs) that can restrict PDAC growth and invasion. We posited that extrinsic modulation of the environment, via substrate rigidity, influences CAF's cell-intrinsic forces affecting CDM production. Substrates used were polyacrylamide gels of physiological (~1.5 kPa) or pathological (~7.5 kPa) stiffnesses. Results showed that physiological substrates influenced CAFs to generate CDMs similar to normal/control fibroblasts. We found CDMs to be softer than the corresponding underlying substrates, and CDM fiber anisotropy (i.e., alignment) to be biphasic and informed via substrate-imparted morphological CAF aspect ratios. Further, the biphasic nature of CDM fiber anisotropy was mathematically modeled and postulated a correlation between CAF aspect ratios and CDM alignment;regulated by extrinsic and intrinsic forces to conserve minimal free energy. Biomechanical manipulation of CDMs, generated on physiological stiffness substrates, lead to reduction in nuclear translocation of pERK1/2 in KRAS-driven PDAC. Specifically, ERK2 was essential for CDM-regulated tumor cell invasion. In vitro findings were validated in vivo, where nuclear pERK1/2 was found significantly higher in human PDAC samples compared to matching normal pancreata. The study suggests that altering underlying substrates enables CAFs to remodel CDMs and restricts KRAS-driven PDAC invasion in an ERK2 dependent manner. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Diseases

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Aerodynamics of a transonic airfoil above wavy ground

Aerodynamics of a transonic airfoil above wavy ground

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AIAA Aerospace sciences Meeting, 2018

作者： Gao, Boshun Qu, Qiulin Agarwal, Ramesh K. Washington University in St. Louis Dept. of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science St. LouisMO63130 United States Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO63130 United States Institute of Fluid Mechanics Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics China

ISBN: (数字)9781624105241

ISBN: (纸本)9781624105241

The Wing in Ground Effect (WIG) aircraft usually operates near water surface to avoid obstacles. The water surface is often not flat. However, the experiment on a non-flat surface is difficult to conduct, while the numerical simulation can easily study the influence of the wavy ground. There are very few archived papers that address this problem. To increase the traffic volume of the WIG aircraft, one possible way is to increase the flight speed, which can result in transonic flow near the ground. Currently the studies on transonic flight in ground effect are also very few. The goal of this research is to study the aerodynamics and flow physics of a typical transonic RAE2822 airfoil at angles of attack (AOA) from 0 to 4 deg. and Mach numbers from 0.5 to 0.8 in the presence of a wavy ground by varying the ground height. The compressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model are solved using the commercial CFD solver ANSYS FLUENT to study the aerodynamics of a transonic airfoil above wavy ground. © 2018, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Angle of attack

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Density functional theory-based modeling and calculations of a polyamide molecular unit for studying forward-osmosis-dewatering of microalgae 10

Density functional theory-based modeling and calculations of...

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10th IEEE International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment and Management, HNICEM 2018

作者： Itliong, Jester N. Rojas, Kurt Irvin M. Ubando, Aristotle T. Chen, Wei-Hsin Villagracia, Al Rey C. David, Melanie Y. Culaba, Alvin B. Ong, Hui Lin Moreno, Joaquin Lorenzo V. Manrique, Robby B. Chang, Jo-Shu Kasai, Hideaki Bernardo, Gian Paolo O. Padama, Allan Abraham B. Arboleda, Nelson B. Physics Department De la Salle University Applied Physics Department Eulogio 'Amang' Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology Manila Philippines Mechanical Engineering Dept. De la Salle University Manila Philippines Institute of Math. Sci. Physics University University of the Philippines Los Baños Philippines Dept. of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Dept. of Aeronautics Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan Taiwan School of Materials Engineering Universiti Malaysia Perlis Perlis Malaysia Akashi College National Institute of Technolgy Hyogo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781538677674

Both the preparation of a reliable all-atom model of a polyamide (PA) membrane and the determination of its electrostatic parameters are considered significant challenges in a proposal to study forward-osmosis-dewatering of microalgae using molecular dynamics (MD). Density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations can effectively calculate for optimized structure and electrostatic properties, thus, employed to model and characterize the PA membrane starting from its molecular unit. The performed structural optimization resulted to the most stable configuration of the PA unit with bond length values that showed strong stability in the molecule such as the amide bond length of 1.413 Å which was found to differ from that of a related study by 3%. The calculated charge density distributions, electrostatic potential isosurface, and Mulliken charges on the PA unit provided potential binding sites and insights on the formation of amide bonds on the PA molecule. The non-amidebonded nitrogen atom of m-phenylene diamine (MPD) was found to be the most active site in the molecule due to its highest magnitude of negative charge (positive Coulomb potential), suggesting that amide bond-formation with a carbon atom of a trimesoyl chloride (TMC) monomer is most likely to occur during polymerization. The calculated charges in the amide group and the zero-net sum of these charges also agreed reasonably well with another study. The results are of vital importance in parameterizing the interaction potentials of PA for use in the MD simulations. © 2018 IEEE.

关键词： Density functional theory

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Flexural dynamic behavior of submerged cylindrical structures under wave loads

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IOP Conference Series: materials science and engineering 2019年第1期700卷

作者： T Giotis D Pavlou K A Belibassakis Dept. of Mechanical and Structural Engineering and Materials Science University of Stavanger Norway School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece

An analytical solution for the dynamic response of submerged slender circular cylindrical structure subjected to linear wave loads is presented. A double Laplace transform with respect to temporal and spatial variables is applied both to motion equation and boundary conditions. The dynamic deflection of the beam is obtained by inversion of the Laplace transform. The latter with respect to spatial variable is obtained analytically, while the one concerning the temporal variable is numerically calculated using Durbin numerical scheme. Results in the case of a representative example for a monopile foundation subjected to Airy waves are presented and discussed, and the analytical result is compared against numerical dynamic and static solutions.

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Critical variables in cracks dynamics of brittle crystals 14

Critical variables in cracks dynamics of brittle crystals

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14th International Conference on Fracture, ICF 2017

作者： Shaheen-Mualim, M. Gleizer, A. Sherman, D. Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering Technion32000 Israel School of Mechanical Engineering Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv69978 Israel

We evaluated the energy-speed relationship and the dynamic cleavage energy of cracks propagating on two low energy cleavage systems of brittle silicon crystal, (110)[1 1 0] and (111)[11 2 ]. The experiments were performed in air and under Ar at atmospheric pressure (low oxygen) to imitate vacuum. An important variable in these experiments was the energy flow rate to the crack tip, =dG0/da, where G0 is the strain energy release rate. © 2017 ICF 2017 - 14th International Conference on Fracture. All rights reserved.

关键词： Crack tips

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Considering discrepancy when calibrating a mechanistic electrophysiology model

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Lei, Chon Lok Ghosh, Sanmitra Whittaker, Dominic G. Aboelkassem, Yasser Beattie, Kylie A. Cantwell, Chris D. Delhaas, Tammo Houston, Charles Novaes, Gustavo Montes Panfilov, Alexander V. Pathmanathan, Pras Riabiz, Marina Weber dos Santos, Rodrigo Worden, Keith Mirams, Gary R. Wilkinson, Richard D. Computational Biology & Health Informatics Dept. of Computer Science University of Oxford United Kingdom MRC Biostatistics Unit University of Cambridge United Kingdom Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology School of Mathematical Sciences University of Nottingham United Kingdom Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego United States Systems Modeling and Translational Biology GlaxoSmithKline R&D Stevenage United Kingdom ElectroCardioMaths Programme Centre for Cardiac Engineering Imperial College London United Kingdom CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht University Netherlands Graduate Program in Computational Modeling Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Brazil Department of Physics and Astronomy Ghent University Belgium Laboratory of Computational Biology and Medicine Ural Federal University Ekaterinburg Russia U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories United States Department of Biomedical Engineering King’s College London Alan Turing Institute United Kingdom Dynamics Research Group Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Sheffield United Kingdom School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sheffield United Kingdom

Uncertainty quantification (UQ) is a vital step in using mathematical models and simulations to take decisions. The field of cardiac simulation has begun to explore and adopt UQ methods to characterise uncertainty in model inputs and how that propagates through to outputs or predictions. In this perspective piece we draw attention to an important and under-addressed source of uncertainty in our predictions — that of uncertainty in the model structure or the equations themselves. The difference between imperfect models and reality is termed model discrepancy, and we are often uncertain as to the size and consequences of this discrepancy. Here we provide two examples of the consequences of discrepancy when calibrating models at the ion channel and action potential scales. Furthermore, we attempt to account for this discrepancy when calibrating and validating an ion channel model using different methods, based on modelling the discrepancy using Gaussian processes (GPs) and autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) models, then highlight the advantages and shortcomings of each approach. Finally, suggestions and lines of enquiry for future work are provided. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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Strengthening mechanism and yield strength prediction of cold-drawn commercially pure aluminum wire

Strengthening mechanism and yield strength prediction of col...

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2018 International Conference on Advanced materials, Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation, AMIMA 2018

作者： Li, Rui Hou, Jiapeng Yang, Wenhao Yu, Hongyun Wang, Qiang Zhang, Zhefeng National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center of Electrical Equipment Safety Performance Zhejiang Huadian Equipment Testing Institute Hangzhou310015 China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 72 Wenhua Road Shenyang110016 China Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100000 China

Commercially pure aluminum is a widely used conductive material in the field of overhead transmission. Yield strength, which is closely related to the reliability of conductive material in service, is an important parameter of mechanical property. Aluminum wire, which is widely used as the outer layer of steel core aluminum strand, is usually prepared by cold-drawing process. With the increase of area reduction, the strength of aluminum wire increases continuously and thus yield strength prediction becomes a very important scientific issue based on the strengthening mechanism analysis. In this paper, the contributions of grain refinement and hard texture to the yield strength were calculated by characterizing the microstructure of aluminum wire with different area reductions. Subsequently, the yield strength prediction model was set up by means of the quantitative calculation and function fitting of grain refinement strengthening and texture strengthening. By using this model, the yield strength of aluminum wire can be well predicted based on the average grain size of initial aluminum rod and this model can also guide the design and production of aluminum wire in industry field. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Conductive materials

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