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2011 MRS Fall Meeting

作者： Lee, Steve Porter, Michael Wasko, Scott Lau, Grace Chen, Po-Yu Novitskaya, Ekaterina E. Tomsia, Antoni P. Almutairi, Adah Meyers, Marc A. McKittrick, Joanna University of California San Diego Materials Science and Engineering Program 9500 Gilman Dr. San Diego CA 92093 United States University of California San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy 9500 Gilman Dr. San Diego CA 92093 United States Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 1 Cyclotron Rd. Berkeley CA 94720 United States National Tsing Hua University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan University of California San Diego Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering 9500 Gilman Dr. San Diego CA 92093 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781605113951

Natural and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds for potential load-bearing bone implants were fabricated by two methods. The natural scaffolds were formed by heating bovine cancellous bone at 1325°C, which removed the organic and sintered the FIA. The synthetic scaffolds were prepared by freeze-casting HA powders, using different solid loadings (20-35 vol.%) and cooling rates (1-10°C/min). Both types of scaffolds were infiltrated with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). The porosity, pore size, and compressive mechanical properties of the natural and synthetic scaffolds were investigated and compared to that of natural cortical and cancellous bone. Prior to infiltration, the sintered cancellous scaffolds exhibited pore sizes of 100 - 300 μm, a strength of 0.4-9.7 MPa, and a Young's modulus of 0.1-1.2 GPa. The freeze-casted scaffolds had pore sizes of 10-50 μm, strengths of 0.7-95.1 MPa, and Young's moduli of 0.1-19.2 GPa. When infiltrated with PMMA, the cancellous bone-PMMA composite showed a strength of 55 MPa and a Young's modulus of 4.5 GPa. Preliminary data for the synthetic HA-PMMA composite showed a strength of 42 MPa and a modulus of 0.8 GPa. © 2012 materials Research Society.

关键词： Pore size

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Multiscale technique for localized strain investigation of aluminum alloy and carbon fiber composite based on data of strain gauging, digital image correlation and acoustic emission

Multiscale technique for localized strain investigation of a...

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International Forum on Strategic Technology, IFOST

作者： S. V. Panin M. V. Burkov A. V. Byakov P. S. Lyubutin Dept. of Material Science in Mechanical Engineering National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk Russia ISPMS SB RAS Laboratory of Polymer Composite Materials Tomsk Russia

A combined method to investigation of localized deformation processes in notched aluminum alloy as well as carbon fiber reinforced composite specimens is applied in order to reveal characteristic stages of strain and fracture. Stress concentrators have the shape of a circular hole and edge crack of various sizes. Carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRC) with notches of different size were also tested in order to illustrate the difference in deformation behavior between metal and reinforced polymeric composites specimens. Use of simultaneous strain data registration has allowed us to register and compare parameters under analysis during entire time of the experiments. The reasons of similarity and difference of the results are shown and discussed. It is offered to apply the obtained results for the aims of non-destructive testing of structural materials being based on revealing characteristic stages of strain development and a particularly prefracture stage.

关键词： Strain Loading Stress Testing Acoustic emission materials Digital images

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Nanoparticles for noninvasive radiofrequency-induced cancer hyperthermia

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ACS Symposium Series 2012年 1113卷 81-94页

作者： Corr, Stuart J. Raoof, Mustafa Wilson, Lon J. Curley, Steven A. Dept. of Surgical Oncology M.D. Anderson Cancer Center University of Texas United States Dept. of Chemistry William Marsh Rice University United States Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology Rice University United States Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science William Marsh Rice University United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780841228283

Effective cancer therapies that are less invasive and less toxic are highly desirable. Shortwave radio-frequency (RF) electrical fields have excellent dept. of penetration into biologic tissues with minimal toxicity. Study of the release of heat by targeted nanoparticles exposed to RF fields has produced interesting results and led to the possibility of using nanoparticles internalized into cancer cells to produce targeted thermal injury to cancer cells while minimizing toxicity in normal cells. Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Cancer cells

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In the dance studio: Analysis of human flocking

In the dance studio: Analysis of human flocking

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American Control Conference

作者： Naomi E. Leonard George Young Kelsey Hochgraf Daniel Swain Aaron Trippe Willa Chen Susan Marshall Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University NJ 08544 USA Dept. of Computer Science Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA Program in Dance and Lewis Center for the Arts Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781457710957

Flock Logic is an art and engineering project that explores how the feedback laws used to model flocking translate when applied by a group of dancers. The artistic goal is to create tools for choreography by leveraging dynamics of multiagent systems with designed feedback and interaction. The engineering goal is to develop insights and design principles for multi-agent systems, such as human crowds, animal groups and mobile robotic networks, by examining the connections between what individual dancers do and what emerges at the level of the group. We describe our methods to create dance and investigate collective motion. To illustrate, we analyze the overhead video of an experiment in which thirteen dancers moved according to simple rules of cohesion and repulsion in response to the relative position and motion of their neighbors. Importantly, because we have prescribed the interaction protocol, we can estimate from the tracked trajectories the time-varying graph that defines who is responding to whom as time evolves. We compute time-varying status of nodes in the graph and infer conditions under which certain individuals emerge as leaders.

关键词： Humans Sensors Trajectory Cameras Tracking Vectors Data visualization

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Accurate determination of system compliance and young's modulus for single fibers

Journal of ASTM International

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Journal of ASTM International 2011年第2期8卷

作者： Ash, J.T. Cross, W.M. Kellar, J.J. Kjerengtroen, L. Materials Engineering and Science Program South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City SD 57701 United States Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Dept. South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City SD 57701 United States Mechanical Engineering Dept. South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City SD 57701 United States

Single fiber testing was conducted utilizing the ASTM D3379-89e1 standard to measure the Young's modulus for optical glass fibers. Upon analyzing the experimental data, it was discovered that procedural methods to account for system compliance resulted in a source of uncertainty due to the 12.6 % fiber diameter variability between different fibers tested. As a result, the 86.8 GPa Young's modulus determined included a significant 43.9 % uncertainty. A new method of data analysis was devised to take into account this fiber diameter variability, which lowered the uncertainty to 7.5 % and provided a Young's modulus of 61.4 GPa. Comparisons were made with the more recent ASTM C1557-03 standard that gave a similar 61.3 GPa Young's modulus. A large bias error of 41.6 % exists between the Young's modulus values determined by the two standard methods. The various analytical methods are discussed along with their estimates of uncertainty, the impact on micro-mechanics, and how to lower this uncertainty further. Copyright © 2011 by ASTM International.

关键词： Elastic moduli

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Synthesis of novel diamine with sulfobenzoyl side groups and its derivatives for PEM fuel cells

Synthesis of novel diamine with sulfobenzoyl side groups and...

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International Conference on materials for Renewable Energy and Environment

作者： Yin, Yan Xiaole Yang Qing Du Okamoto, Kenichi State Key Laboratory of Engines School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University China Dept. of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Faculty of Engineering Yamaguchi University Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781612847504

A novel sulfonated diamine monomer attached by sulfobenzoyl side groups has been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR spectra. The synthetic procedures of diamine monomer and its derivatives from naphthalenic dianhydride are described. As one of the proton conductive polymer materials, the corresponding sulfonated polyimides show good solubility property, high thermal stability and high proton conductivity, which display good potential for application to polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. © 2011 IEEE.

关键词： Solubility

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Modeling Multiphase materials Processes 1

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2011年

作者： Manabu Iguchi Olusegun J. Ilegbusi

ISBN: (数字)9781441974792

ISBN: (纸本)9781441974785;9781489981844

Modeling Multiphase materials Processes: Gas-Liquid Systems describes the methodology and application of physical and mathematical modeling to multi-phase flow phenomena in materials processing. The book focuses on systems involving gas-liquid interaction, the most prevalent in current metallurgical processes. The performance characteristics of these processes are largely dependent on transport phenomena. This volume covers the inherent characteristics that complicate the modeling of transport phenomena in such systems, including complex multiphase structure, intense turbulence, opacity of fluid, high temperature, coupled heat and mass transfer, chemical reactions in some cases, and poor wettability of the reactor walls. Also discussed are: -Solutions based on experimental and numerical modeling of bubbling jet systems -Recent advances in the modeling of nanoscale multi-phase phenomena -Multiphase flows in micro-scale and nano-scale channels and reactors Modeling Multiphase materials Processes: Gas-Liquid Systems will prove a valuable reference for researchers and engineers working in mathematical modeling and materials processing.

关键词： Mathematical and Computational engineering Applications Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Film engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer

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Antiferromagnetic transition and martensite transformation in γ-Mn-Fe alloys

Antiferromagnetic transition and martensite transformation i...

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2010 International Conference on Advances in materials and Manufacturing Processes, ICAMMP 2010

作者： Gu, S.Y. Zhang, J.H. Dept. of Electro Mechanical Engineering Suzhou Vocational University 215104 Suzhou China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

ISBN: (纸本)9780878492008

The detailed investigation of internal friction and relative dynamic modulus has been carried out for the γ-MnFe alloys with 61.4at%-86.4at%Mn in the temperature range from -50 to 250°C using LMR by means of force vibration method. The internal friction was found to exhibit in turn three peaks from higher temperature to the lower temperature on the internal friction-temperature curves. They are PA, PM and P T progressively. It can be concluded that PA may be connected with the stress-induced motion of magnetic domain. The PM was suggested to be originated from the stress-induced movement of interfaces between the fcc and fct phases. The PT is due to a relaxation process associated with the movement of the {101}-twin boundaries in the fct phase or fcc antiferromagnetic phase.

关键词： Ternary alloys

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Dynamic behavior of particulate/porous energetic materials

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2012年第1期1426卷 533-538页

作者： Vitali F. Nesterenko Po-Hsun Chiu C.H. Braithwaite Adam Collins David Martin Williamson Karl L. Olney David Benson Francesca McKenzie Materials Science and Eng. Program University of California San Diego CA 92093 USA Fracture and Shock Physics SMF Group Department of Physics Cavendish Laboratory J J Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE United Kingdom SMF Group Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge CB3 0HE United Kingdom Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California San Diego CA 92093 USA Dept. of Structural Engineering University of California San Diego CA 92027 USA Institute of Shock Physics Imperial College London South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom

Dynamic behavior of particulate/porous energetic materials in a broad range of dynamic conditions (low velocity impact and explosively driven expansion of rings) is discussed. Samples of these materials were fabricated using Cold Isostatic Pressing and Hot Isostatic Pressing with and without vacuum encapsulation. The current interest in these materials is due to the combination of their high strength and output of energy under critical conditions of mechanical deformation. They may exhibit high compressive and tensile strength with the ability to undergo bulk distributed fracture resulting in small size reactive fragments. The mechanical properties of these materials and the fragment sizes produced by fracturing are highly sensitive to mesostructure. For example, the dynamic strength of Al-W composites with fine W particles is significantly larger than the strength of composites with coarse W particles at the same porosity. The morphology of W inclusions had a strong effect on the dynamic strength and fracture pattern. Experimental results are compared with numerical data.

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Plasma polymerization of basalt fiber/polylactic acid composites: Effects on mechanical properties

Plasma polymerization of basalt fiber/polylactic acid compos...

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18th International Conference on Composites materials, ICCM 2011

作者： Kurniawan, D. Kim, B.S. Lee, H.Y. Lim, J.Y. Mechanical Robotics and Energy Engineering Dept. Dongguk University Seoul Korea Republic of Composite Materials Laboratory Korea Institute of Materials Science Changwon Korea Republic of

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