We report a preliminary results of employing molecular beacon in picoliter droplets for breast cancer gene (BRCA1) detection. Experiments are carried out comparing the detection with control samples, verifying signal-...
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Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) reinforced copper (Cu) matrix composites were produced by powder metallurgy (PM) and electromagnetic levitation methods. The nanotubes were first decorated with a nickel coating an...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0976798514
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) reinforced copper (Cu) matrix composites were produced by powder metallurgy (PM) and electromagnetic levitation methods. The nanotubes were first decorated with a nickel coating and then dispersed by ball milling. The optimization of factors such as cold pressing pressure, powder grain size and sintering temperature for full densification were essential in the preform stage of PM in order to produce a sample suitable for levitation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations have shown that the well-dispersed nanotubes in the composites are not damaged during the high-temperature composite preparation. The preforms were then melted by electromagnetic levitation in an argon environment. SEM observations showed that the nanotubes survived the high-temperature melting. Hardness testing demonstrated that the strength of the composites is increased with increasing volume fraction of SWNTs.
A vacuum microplasma spray system, operating on gross power levels of 1-3 kW, with powder feed rates below 1 g/min and using plasma gas mixtures of argon and hydrogen, was built and tested. In order to improve the dep...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0873395905
A vacuum microplasma spray system, operating on gross power levels of 1-3 kW, with powder feed rates below 1 g/min and using plasma gas mixtures of argon and hydrogen, was built and tested. In order to improve the deposition efficiency and quality of coatings, the system was analyzed and the matter of particle entrainment into the plasma jet core was identified as a critical sub-process. Particle entrainment is a strong fimction of carrier gas flow rate. Best carrier gas flow rates for entrainment of stainless steel, titanium, and tungsten powders, particle trajectories were determined by quantitative imaging with planar laser Mie scattering. It was found that particle distributions with greater average mass were less likely to overshoot the plasma jet core. This may be attributed to the particle accelerations within the particle injector.
The surface nitridation of GaAs substrate under various conditions were performed and its surface morphology was studied by using atomic force microscope. The RMS roughness of the surfaces was closely related to forma...
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Beam induced lateral epitaxy (BILE) on truncated ridges was applied to the heteroepitaxial growth of GaAs on a Si substrate. A GaAs buffer layer was formed on the Si substrate, and then this GaAs/Si template was used ...
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Power can be extracted from the ionized fluid surrounding a re-entering space vehicle using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) principles, provided an appropriate system of magnetic fields, thermal protection, and current coll...
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Structural integrity of power plant component is usually estimate by its residual service life. Input data for component residual life estimation exposed to high-temperature creep is the creep strength of material (ti...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781617820632
Structural integrity of power plant component is usually estimate by its residual service life. Input data for component residual life estimation exposed to high-temperature creep is the creep strength of material (time dependent strength), after particular service period. Creep strength is usually obtained by statistical treatment of experimental data, and it decreases during service time due to degradation of microstructure. Since the creep resistance decreases with time due to microstructure degradation, it is essential for practice to use microstructural parameters in order to define statistically the changes in the creep resistance, which in turn enables to follow the physical significance of these changes. Due to a considerable scatter in the creep data, treatment by statistical analysis of the physically significant parameters is a problem that, to date has not been satisfactorily solved. One of attempt to overcome the lack of all data, which were required for previous analyses and estimation of service resources/service life, is done in this paper. Kinetic process has to be defined by the rate of process or by time for which such process will cause the rupture, instead of creep strength. Thus, the time to fracture of the component subjected to a high-temperature creep is determined due the kinetic theory of strength (model Zurkov) and using the microstructural parameters as an input data.
The combination of electromigration effect and stress effect was investigated in lead free solder joints with a diameter of 300μm. One dimensional structures, metal(wire)-solder(ball)-metal(wire) was developed. Mecha...
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Self-assembly is a promising avenue toward the development of new materials. engineering principles for micro- and nano-fabrication can be discovered from the study of self-assembly phenomena in nature. Biological tis...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0974249211
Self-assembly is a promising avenue toward the development of new materials. engineering principles for micro- and nano-fabrication can be discovered from the study of self-assembly phenomena in nature. Biological tissues serve as model factories for the production of macromolecular structures, where the processes of molecular self-assembly and macroscopic growth are integrated in robust systems, which display self-healing and adaptivity. Growth occurs as nutrients, amino acids, and enzymes undergo mass transport and react to increase tissue mass. At the molecular scale, there is considerable understanding of the reactions for self-assembly of tissue components such as collagen. There is less understanding of the thermodynamic driving forces and of how these interact with growth processes to form multicellular tissue. These processes are also influenced by mechanics at the continuum scale. In this work, we simulate processes of growth in collagen at the continuum scale. The mathematical description of growth constitutes a highly complex system that requires mixture theory with coupled diffusion-reaction and mechanics, and differs significantly from classical continuum formulations of closed systems. Following thermodynamic arguments, we have derived constitutive relations for the flux of the fluid and the species dissolved within it. The relations account for driving forces due to inertial forces, gradients in pressure, and gradients in chemical potential. We relate species mobilities that arise in the formulation to classic mixture-theory transport parameters, the permeability coefficient and the dispersion tensor, and calculate these parameters from simulations of flow through a fiber network. The accuracy of the modeling approach will be demonstrated by comparing predictions of multi-species flow from the continuum formulation with direct simulations of flow through a collagen-like network.
materials used in handheld consumer electronic devices (CEDs), such as cell phones or PDAs, create environmental risks both during procurement and disposal. The increasing global demand for CEDs and recent legislative...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0873396456
materials used in handheld consumer electronic devices (CEDs), such as cell phones or PDAs, create environmental risks both during procurement and disposal. The increasing global demand for CEDs and recent legislative pressure motivate our review of alternative materials that could make CEDs more environmentally friendly. Hazardous materials considered include brominated flame retardants, lead-based solders, hexavalent chromium, copper, and ceramic materials. We survey recent research in the development of environmentally benign replacement materials, provide a brief assessment of the potential environmental, industrial, and economic consequences of their substitution, and assess progress in their industrial application. Identifying appropriate environmentally benign replacement materials provides a starting point for developing environmentally friendly CED prototypes.
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