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European Conference on Antennas and Propagation

作者： M. S. Khan M. S. Awan S. S. Muhammad V. Kvicera M. Grabner C. Capsoni E. Leitgeb Peter Mandl Institute for Broadband Communications Graz University of Technology Pakistan Institute of Laser and optics (PILO) Dept. of Electrical Engineering National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Dept. of Frequency Engineering Czech Metrology Institute Politecnico di Milano

ISBN: (纸本)9781457702501

Various measurement campaigns have been carried out at different locations by several institutes to study the weather effects, mainly fog, on Free-space optical (FSO) links. Link distance between the FSO transceiver is different for most of the measurement campaigns depending upon the installation and the weather conditions. Specific attenuation with the unit of dB/km is widely used for the detailed analysis of the optical attenuation with the assumption that the fog is uniformly distributed along the path. The above mentioned assumption holds true for the shorter distance optical links but appears scientifically non-verifiable for relatively longer distances.

关键词： Optical Attenuations Linearity Free-Space Optics (FSO) Optical wavelengths Fog conditions Linearity NEBULISED fogs fog Optical links Attenuation Research Institutes LIGHT ATTENUATION free-space optical communication free-space optical interconnects

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Soft vector quantization with inverse power-function distributions for machine learning applications

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer Science 2011年第1期38卷 74-81页

作者： Attia, Mohamed Almazyad, Abdulaziz El-Mahallawy, Mohamed Al-Badrashiny, Mohamed Waleed, Nazih HLT consultant for The Engineering Company Development of Computer System 12613 Giza Egypt Luxor Technologies Inc. Oakville-L6L6V2 ON Canada College of Computer Engineering and Sciences AlKharj University AlKharj Saudi Arabia Dept. of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Engineering and Technology Arab Academy for Science and Technology Heliopolis Campus Cairo Egypt Dept. of Electronics and Electrical Communications Faculty of Engineering Cairo University 12613 Giza Egypt

This paper discusses the positive impact of soft vector quantization on the performance ofmachine-learning systems that include one or more vector quantization modules. The most impactful gains here are avoiding over-fitting and boosting the robustness of such systems in the presence of considerable parasitic variance;e.g. noise, in the runtime *** paper then introduces a soft vector quantization scheme with inverse power-function distributions, and analytically derives an upper bound of its relative quantization noise energy to that of typical (hard-deciding) vector quantization. This relative noise is expressed as a closed-form function of the power in order to allow the selection of its optimal values of that compromise both a soft enough vector quantization with a stable performance via small enough relative quantization ***, we present empirical evidence obtained via experimenting with two versions of the best reported OCR system for cursive scripts - that happened to deploy discrete HMMs - one version with hard vector quantization and the other with our herein presented soft quantization. Test samples of real-life scanned Arabic text pages are used to challenge both versions;hence the recognition error margins are compared.

关键词： Vector quantization

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Raman Spectra from One Carbon Nanotube

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MRS Online Proceedings Library 2011年第1期706卷 1-11页

作者： M. S. Dresselhaus A. Jorio A. G. Souza Filho G. Dresselhaus R. Saito M. A. Pimenta Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Dept. of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Dept. de Física Univ. Federal do Ceará Fortaleza-CE Brazil Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge USA Department of Electronic Engineering University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo Japan Dept. de Física Univ. Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte-MG Brazil

The use of Raman spectroscopy as a characterization tool for individual single wall carbon nanotubes is briefly reviewed. New physical phenomena occurring at the single nanotube level are discussed, with special emphasis given to the use of resonance Raman scattering for the structural determination of (n, m) for individual nanotubes, based on diameter and chirality dependent phenomena associated with the radial breathing mode, the G-band and the G[prime]-band features. Examples are given to show how single nanotube spectroscopy provides insight into the use of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization of nanotube bundles and for the study of new physical phenomena occurring at the single nanotube level.

关键词： carbon nanotubes Raman spectroscopy Raman characterization radial breathing mode D-band double resonance dispersive phonon modes

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Realization of a 23.9 Gb/s real time optical-OFDM transmitter with a 1024 point IFFT

Realization of a 23.9 Gb/s real time optical-OFDM transmitte...

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作者： Inan, Beril Karakaya, Ozgur Kainzmaier, Peter Adhikari, Susmita Calabro, Stefano Sleiffer, Vincent A.J.M. Hanik, Norbert Jansen, Sander L. Institute of Communications Engineering Technische Universität München Arcisstrasse 21 D-80333 Munich Germany Institute of Technical Electronics Technische Universität München Munich Germany Nokia Siemens Networks GmbH and Co. KG Munich Germany Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel Germany COBRA Institute Dept. of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands

We report a FPGA-based real time 23.9-Gb/s CO-OFDM transmitter with IQ-mixing with a 1024 point FFT, the largest FFT-size reported to date. For a BER of 10-3 a required OSNR of 10.8 dB is measured. © 2011 Optical... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781457702136

关键词： Fast Fourier transforms

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Greedy geographic routing with path optimization in wireless sensor networks

Greedy geographic routing with path optimization in wireless...

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2010 8th IEEE-RIVF International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies: Research, Innovation and Vision for the Future, RIVF 2010

作者： Le Dinh, Thanh Nguyen, Dai Tho Dept. of Networks and Computer Communications University of Engineering and Technology VNU-HN Hanoi Viet Nam

ISBN: (纸本)9781424480753

In this paper, we propose Greedy with Path Optimization Routing (GPOR), a novel geographic routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. GPOR finds initial routing paths by following a greedy with recovery strategy, then uses a follow-up technique to optimize the paths. An attempt is also made to create routing entries applicable to destination areas rather than individual nodes. Main advantages of GPOR are path optimization and void avoidance capacities. We implement GPOR in ns-2 and present simulation results. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks

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Optical data transmission at 44 terabits/s with a Kerr soliton crystal microcomb 10

Optical data transmission at 44 terabits/s with a Kerr solit...

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Next-Generation Optical Communication: Components, Sub-Systems, and Systems X 2021

作者： Tan, Mengxi Corcoran, Bill Xu, Xingyuan Wu, Jiayang Boes, Andreas Nguyen, Thach G. Chu, Sai T. Little, Brent E. Morandotti, Roberto Mitchell, Arnan Moss, David J. Optical Sciences Centre Swinburne University of Technology HawthornVIC3122 Australia Dept. of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University ClaytonVIC3800 Australia School of Engineering RMIT University MelbourneVIC3001 Australia Department of Physics and Material Science City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Hong Kong Hong Kong Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics Precision Mechanics of CAS Xi'an China INRS-Energie Matériaux et Télécommunications 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet VarennesQCJ3X 1S2 Canada Adjunct Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu610054 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510642614

We report world record high data transmission over standard optical fiber from a single optical source. We achieve a line rate of 44.2 Terabits per second (Tb/s) employing only the C-band at 1550nm, resulting in a spectral efficiency of 10.4 bits/s/Hz. We use a new and powerful class of micro-comb called soliton crystals that exhibit robust operation and stable generation as well as a high intrinsic efficiency that, together with an extremely low spacing of 48.9 GHz enables a very high coherent data modulation format of 64 QAM. We achieve error free transmission across 75 km of standard optical fiber in the lab and over a field trial with a metropolitan optical fiber network. This work demonstrates the ability of optical micro-combs to exceed other approaches in performance for the most demanding practical optical communications applications. © 2021 SPIE.

关键词： Optical fibers

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Independent component analysis of quaternion Gaussian vectors

Independent component analysis of quaternion Gaussian vector...

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IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop

作者： Via, Javier Vielva, Luis Santamaria, Ignacio Palomar, Daniel P. Dept. of Communications Engineering University of Cantabria Spain Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

ISBN: (纸本)9781424489770

This paper addresses the independent component analysis (ICA) of quaternion Gaussian vectors. Firstly, we define the properness profile of a quaternion random variable, which can be seen as the quaternion analogue of the circularity coefficients of complex vectors. The properness profile is a three-dimensional pure quaternion vector, which does not only measure the improperness degree of the quaternion random variable, but also provides the improperness distribution. Secondly, we prove that the quaternion ICA model can be identified up to the trivial scale and permutation ambiguities, and a residual quaternion mixture among the sources with rotationally equivalent properness profiles, i.e., properness profiles related by a quaternion rotation. Finally, the main results of the paper are illustrated by means of some numerical examples. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Random variables

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On the use of free-space optical links for latency-tolerant traffic applications

On the use of free-space optical links for latency-tolerant ...

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2010 7th International Symposium on Communication Systems, networks and Digital Signal Processing, CSNDSP 2010

作者： Czaputa, Martin Hranilovic, Steve Leitgeb, Erich Institute of Broadband Communications Graz University of Technology Austria Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9781861353696

The growing need for network capacity due to peer-to-peer (P2P) users causes tremendous costs for Internet service providers (ISPs). Traffic shaping schemes have been applied to limit P2P traffic while reducing customer satisfaction and affecting the performance of other applications. As an alternative, in this work we propose the use of inexpensive free-space optical (FSO) links from ISPs to fibre backbones to accommodate latency-tolerant traffic including P2P and other bulk data transfers for backup and storage. For such classes of data traffic, the instantaneous reliability of the link is not the primary concern, rather the average throughput of the link is important. The average throughput and outage characteristics of an FSO link for latency-tolerant traffic are studied using weather data from a major Canadian city. Rather than previous studies which focus on improving the reliability of FSO links, this work considers different modulation techniques with the goal of achieving the highest average throughput for data traffic. For a 1 km link with a 1 ns symbol period, an average annual rate of nearly 1.5 Gbps is possible using 4-PAM modulation as opposed to an average rate of 880 Mbps for conventional on-off keying. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Throughput

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A Bayesian game analysis of emulation attacks in dynamic spectrum access networks

A Bayesian game analysis of emulation attacks in dynamic spe...

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2010 IEEE Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum, DySPAN 2010

作者： Thomas, Ryan W. Komali, Ramakant S. Borghetti, Brett J. Mähönen, Petri Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Air Force Inst. of Technology United States Dept. of Wireless Networks RWTH Aachen University Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781424451883

Dynamic spectrum access has proposed tiering radios into two groups: Primary Users (PUs) and Secondary Users (SUs). PUs are assumed to have reserved spectrum available to them, while SUs (operating in overlay mode) must share whatever spectrum is available. The threat of Emulation Attacks, in which users pretend to be of a type they are not (either PU or SU) in order to gain unauthorized access to spectrum, has the potential to severely degrade the expected performance of the system. We analyze this problem within a Bayesian game framework, in which users are unsure of the legitimacy of the claimed type of other users. We show that depending on radios' beliefs about the fraction of PUs in the system, a policy maker can control the occurrence of emulation attacks by adjusting the gains and costs associated with performing or checking for emulation attacks. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Bayesian networks

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Issues on building an MPI cluster on Microblaze

Issues on building an MPI cluster on Microblaze

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2010 International Conference on Reconfigurable Computing and FPGAs, ReConFig 2010

作者： Díaz-Martín, Juan-Carlos Gutiérrez, Carolina Gómez-Tostón Fácila, Álvaro Cortés Rico-Gallego, Juan-Antonio Dept. of Computer Technology and Communications University of Extremadura Cáceres Spain Dept. of Computing and Telematic Systems Engineering University of Extremadura Cáceres Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9780769543147

MPI is the traditional paradigm to parallelize applications for High Performance Computing environments. AzequiaMPI is an implementation of the MPI-1.3 standard. Its thread-based architecture enables it to run on high-end HPC machines as well as on embedded environments as soft-core processor in FPGAs. This article describes the experience of building a maintainable cluster of fourteen popular Xilinx XUP2-Pro FPGA development boards around the PetaLinux/Microblaze base. Figures on the AzequiaMPI performance are given. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)

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