A novel bidirectional 2×2 optical switch technique, based on the conventional erbium-doped fibers (EDFs) with an operation of pumped or unpumped power level, is proposed and demonstrated experimentall
A novel bidirectional 2×2 optical switch technique, based on the conventional erbium-doped fibers (EDFs) with an operation of pumped or unpumped power level, is proposed and demonstrated experimentall
This paper addresses issues that are specific to the implementation of automatic speech recognition (ASR) applications and services in client-server scenarios. It is assumed in all of these scenarios that functionalit...
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This paper addresses issues that are specific to the implementation of automatic speech recognition (ASR) applications and services in client-server scenarios. It is assumed in all of these scenarios that functionality in a human-machine dialog system is distributed between mobile client devices and network based multi-user media and application servers. It is argued that, while there has already been a great deal of research addressing issues relating to the communications channels associated with these scenarios, there are many additional problems that have received relatively little attention. These include issues of how environmental and speaker robustness algorithms are implemented in mobile domains and how multiple ASR channels can be implemented more efficiently in multi-user deployments. Preliminary results are summarized showing the effect of user specific unsupervised adaptation and normalization algorithms on ASR performance in mobile domains. Results are also presented demonstrating the efficiencies that are obtainable from using intelligent algorithms for assigning ASR decoders to computation servers in multi-user deployments.
Studying electromagnetic, waves in complex media has been an important research topic due to its useful applications and scientific significance of its physical performance. In this study, a complete eigenfunction exp...
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This paper presents a field expansion of the solution to three dimensional electromagnetic problems in a material characterized by the general gyrotropic media. Both Ε¯ and μ¯ tensors are gyrotropic, speci...
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This paper reports a polymer micro-heatpipe technology suitable for cooling of RF and microwave integrated circuits. This technology eliminates the needs for high-temperature wafer-to-wafer bonding and can be carried ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)1580539920
This paper reports a polymer micro-heatpipe technology suitable for cooling of RF and microwave integrated circuits. This technology eliminates the needs for high-temperature wafer-to-wafer bonding and can be carried out at a temperature below 110°C, and does not contribute excessive parasitic burden to the integrated circuits. Measurements carried out substantiate the usefulness of this technique.
Understanding the process of self-organization of Ge nanostructures on Si with controlled size distribution is a key requirement for their application to devices. In this study, we investigate the temporal evolution o...
Understanding the process of self-organization of Ge nanostructures on Si with controlled size distribution is a key requirement for their application to devices. In this study, we investigate the temporal evolution of self-assembled islands during the low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) of Ge on Si at 650°C using high growth rates (6–9 nm/min). The islands were characterized by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and micro-Raman spectroscopy. We found that the first nanostructures to assemble were small islands, with a narrow size distribution, typical of the ‘lens-shaped’ structures reported in previous studies. Next to form were a population of larger ‘lens-shaped’ islands with a similar surface density to that of the small islands, but with broad height and width distributions. These islands differ from the pyramid-shaped islands previously reported for a similar size range. On further Ge deposition, the population evolves into one of large square-based truncated pyramids with a very narrow size distribution. Such pyramidal structures were previously reported at smaller sizes. Furthermore, we see no evidence of the multifaceted domes previously reported in this size range. The small ‘lens-shaped’ islands appear to be strained, whilst some of the intermediate-sized islands and all the large truncated pyramids contain misfit strain relaxation induced defects. Additionally, in the both the intermediate size ‘lens-shaped’ islands and in the large size truncated pyramidal islands, there is evidence of Si-Ge strain-induced alloying, more significant in the first than in the latter. Our observation of ‘lens shaped’ islands and truncated pyramids at larger sizes than are normally observed, suggests a kinetically driven process that delays the evolution of energetically favourable island structures until larger island sizes are reached.
In this study, a complete eigenfunction expansion of the dyadic Green's functions (DGF) for an unbounded and a planar, arbitrary multilayered general Faraday chiral media (both the permittivity and permeability ar...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0780384040
In this study, a complete eigenfunction expansion of the dyadic Green's functions (DGF) for an unbounded and a planar, arbitrary multilayered general Faraday chiral media (both the permittivity and permeability are tensors) are formulated in terms of the vector wave functions in cylindrical coordinates, which is a general extension of the gyroelectric cases. After a general representation of the Green's dyadics is obtained, the scattering coefficients of the Green's dyadics are determined from the boundary conditions at each interface and are expressed in a greatly compact form of recurrence matrices. These formulations are constructed based on the principle of scattering superposition. Although the dyadic Green's functions for an unbounded chiroplasma medium has been reported in the literature, we here present multi-layered DGFs for the most general Faraday chiral media . The explicit representation of the DGFs after reduction to the chiroplasma or isotropic case agrees well with those existing corresponding results.
This paper proposes a novel optical label swapping technique in which a low-speed ASK label is superimposed on top of a high-speed DC-balanced-line- coded ASK payload. The technique is demonstrated via a 10Gbps multi-...
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In SoC design, synchronous buses are used frequently to interconnect several IPs. However, it is difficult to use synchronous buses for SoC design because of the increase of wire delay caused by the crosstalk effect a...
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In SoC design, synchronous buses are used frequently to interconnect several IPs. However, it is difficult to use synchronous buses for SoC design because of the increase of wire delay caused by the crosstalk effect and the difficulty of synchronisation caused by the clock-skew problem. The use of an asynchronous bus is an alternative solution for SoC design methodology. A new handshake protocol is proposed using the return-to-zero data encoding scheme for the implementation of a new high performance asynchronous bus. Simulation results reveal that the proposed handshake protocol increases the read throughput of the asynchronous bus by 30.5%, and decreases the read latency by 12.5%.
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