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Wide-Band Signal Generation Using Egyptian Fractions and Application to Instantaneous Impedance Measurements

IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第11期25卷 19555-19562页

作者： Majzoub, Sohaib Allagui, Anis Elwakil, Ahmed S. Zhang, Di University of Sharjah Depts. of Electrical Eng. and Computer Eng PO Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates University of Sharjah Dept. of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Eng PO Box Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates Florida International University Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Eng MiamiFL33174 United States University of Sharjah Dept. of Electrical Eng P.O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates Nile University Nanoelectronics Integrated Systems Center Cairo Egypt University of Calgary Dept. of Electrical and Software Eng AB Canada

In this work, we investigate the use of Egyptian fractions to construct wide-band signals with a near-flat power spectrum. In particular, it is well-known that wide-band signals can be obtained by using composite multi-sine signals. However, the choice of the frequencies and/or phase shifts in these sinusoids is critical in order to approach a flat power spectrum with a low crest factor. A number of known methods, such as using Rudin-Shapiro polynomials or random phases, have been employed in this problem. However, the use of Egyptian fractions has not been explored yet;despite being easier to generate and implement. Here, we construct multi-sine signals (in the form of a voltage) based on different Egyptian fraction sequences and use them to measure the linear time-invariant impedance of an RC circuit and then the instantaneous impedance of nonlinear time-varying solar cell. Two methods are used to generate these signals: (i) the Egyptian fraction sequences are assigned to the phase angles or (ii) they are used to set the values of the angular frequencies. The accuracy of measurements is assessed via comparison with the standard sine-sweep method using a research-grade Biologic VSP-300 electrochemical station showing acceptable results. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Sheet resistance

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A methodological approach to EMI resistant analog integrated circuit design

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IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Magazine 2015年第2期4卷 92-100页

作者： Redoute, Jean-Michel Richelli, Anna Dept. of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering Monash University Australia Dept. of Information Engineering University of Brescia Italy

This paper describes the effect of EMI (electromagnetic interference) on analog integrated circuits, and introduces four design guidelines targeted at improving the susceptibility of analog integrated circuits to EMI. These guidelines are then applied to the practical design of operational amplifier topologies with a high degree of immunity to conductive EMI. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Timing circuits

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Implementation of a scalable, globally plesiochronous locally synchronous, off-chip NoC communication protocol

Implementation of a scalable, globally plesiochronous locall...

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2009 NORCHIP

作者： Minhass, Wajid Hassan Öberg, Johnny Sander, Ingo Dept. of Electronics Computer and Software Systems Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781424443109

Multiprocessor system-on-chip design (MPSoC) is becoming a regular feature of the embedded systems. Shared-bus systems hold many advantages, but they do not scale. Network on chip (NoC) offers a promising solution to the scalability problem by enhancing the topology design. However, standard NoCs are only scalable within a chip. To be able to build infinitely scalable structures, a method to enhance the NoC-grid off-chip is needed. In this paper, we present such a method. As a proof of concept, the protocol is implemented on a 4 by 4 Mesh NoC, with NIOS II CPU cores as nodes, partitioned across four separate Altera FPGA boards, each board hosting a Quad-Core (2x2) NoC, operating on a local 50 MHz clock. The inter-chip communication protocol uses asynchronous clock bridges, with a throughput of 50 Mbps (~1MFlit/s) and is completely scalable. The NoC has an onboard throughput of 650 Mbps (12.5 MFlit/s). Each Quad-Core uses 28% of the LUs, 18% of the ALUTs, 22 % of the dedicated registers and 31% of the total memory blocks of the Stratix II FPGAs. Application programs use an MPI compatible Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) to communicate with each other over the NoC. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Network-on-chip

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Camera and LCM IP-Cores for NIOS SOPC system 09

Camera and LCM IP-Cores for NIOS SOPC system

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6th FPGAworld Conference, FPGAworld 2009

作者： Navas, Byron Sander, Ingo Öberg, Johnny Dept. of Electronics Computer and Software Systems Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9781605588797

This paper presents the development of IP-Cores to integrate the Terasic DC2 Camera and LCM (LCD Module) daughter boards into an Altera Nios System, so that the image can be further processed by embedded software or custom hardware instructions. Among other challenges overcome during this work are clock-domain crossing, synchronizing FIFO design, variable and pipelined burst control, multi-masters contention for system memory and image frame buffer switching. In addition, we designed software device drivers, and API functions intended for graphics, image processing and video control;which are part of the IP deliverables. In a brief, this work describes some concepts and methodologies involved in the creation of IP-Cores for an Altera SOPC;it also presents the results of the designed CAM-IP and LCM-IP Cores working in an application demo, which constitutes a real solution and a reference design. Copyright © 2009 ACM.

关键词： Embedded systems

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An Efficient GPU-based Implementation for Noise Robust Sound Source Localization

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lin, Zirui Takigahira, Masayuki Terakado, Naoya Gulzar, Haris Busto, Monikka Roslianna Eda, Takeharu Itoyama, Katsutoshi Nakadai, Kazuhiro Amano, Hideharu Dept. of Systems and Control Engineering School of Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Honda Research Institute Japan Co. Ltd. Saitama Japan NTT Software Innovation Center Tokyo Japan Dept. of Information and Computer Science Keio University Kanagawa Japan

Robot audition, encompassing Sound Source Localization (SSL), Sound Source Separation (SSS), and Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), enables robots and smart devices to acquire auditory capabilities similar to human hearing. Despite their wide applicability, processing multi-channel audio signals from microphone arrays in SSL involves computationally intensive matrix operations, which can hinder efficient deployment on Central Processing Units (CPUs), particularly in embedded systems with limited CPU resources. This paper introduces a GPU-based implementation of SSL for robot audition, utilizing the Generalized Singular Value Decomposition-based Multiple Signal Classification (GSVD-MUSIC), a noise-robust algorithm, within the HARK platform, an open-source software suite. For a 60-channel microphone array, the proposed implementation achieves significant performance improvements. On the Jetson AGX Orin, an embedded device powered by an NVIDIA GPU and ARM®Cortex™-A78AE v8.2 64-bit CPUs, we observe speedups of 4645.1× for GSVD calculations and 8.8× for the SSL module, while speedups of 2223.4× for GSVD calculation and 8.95× for the entire SSL module on a server configured with an NVIDIA A100 GPU and AMD EPYC™ 7352 CPUs, making real-time processing feasible for large-scale microphone arrays and providing ample capacity for real-time processing of potential subsequent machine learning or deep learning tasks. © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Acoustic generators

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Bridging the Data Gap in AI Reliability Research and Establishing DR-AIR, a Comprehensive Data Repository for AI Reliability

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zheng, Simin Clark, Jared M. Salboukh, Fatemeh Silva, Priscila da Mata, Karen Pan, Fenglian Min, Jie Lian, Jiayi King, Caleb B. Fiondella, Lance Liu, Jian Deng, Xinwei Hong, Yili Department of Statistics Virginia Tech BlacksburgVA24061 United States Dept. of Engineering & Applied Science Univ. of Massachusetts DartmouthMA02747 United States Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Univ. of Massachusetts DartmouthMA02747 United States Department of Systems & Industrial Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Department of Mathematics & Statistics University of South Florida TampaFL33620 United States Quantitative Analytics Wells Fargo CharlotteNC28262 United States JMP Division SAS CaryNC27513 United States

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology and systems have been advancing rapidly. However, ensuring the reliability of these systems is crucial for fostering public confidence in their use. This necessitates the modeling and analysis of reliability data specific to AI systems. A major challenge in AI reliability research, particularly for those in academia, is the lack of readily available AI reliability data. To address this gap, this paper focuses on conducting a comprehensive review of available AI reliability data and establishing DR-AIR: a data repository for AI reliability. Specifically, we introduce key measurements and data types for assessing AI reliability, along with the methodologies used to collect these data. We also provide a detailed description of the currently available datasets with illustrative examples. Furthermore, we outline the setup of the DR-AIR repository and demonstrate its practical applications. This repository provides easy access to datasets specifically curated for AI reliability research. We believe these efforts will significantly benefit the AI research community by facilitating access to valuable reliability data and promoting collaboration across various academic domains within AI. We conclude our paper with a call to action, encouraging the research community to contribute and share AI reliability data to further advance this critical field of study. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Perturbed Gradient Descent via Convex Quadratic Approximation for Nonconvex Bilevel Optimization

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Abolfazli, Nazanin Sharifi, Sina Fazlyab, Mahyar Hamedani, Erfan Yazdandoost Dept. of Systems & Industrial Engineering University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721 United States Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21218 United States

Bilevel optimization is a fundamental tool in hierarchical decision-making and has been widely applied to machine learning tasks such as hyperparameter tuning, meta-learning, and continual learning. While significant progress has been made in bilevel optimization, existing methods predominantly focus on the nonconvex-strongly convex, or the nonconvex-PL settings, leaving the more general nonconvex-nonconvex framework underexplored. In this paper, we address this gap by developing an efficient gradient-based method inspired by the recently proposed Relaxed Gradient Flow (RXGF) framework with a continuous-time dynamic [1]. In particular, we introduce a discretized variant of RXGF and formulate convex quadratic program subproblems with closed-form solutions. We provide a rigorous convergence analysis, demonstrating that under the existence of a KKT point and a regularity assumption (lower-level gradient PL assumption), our method achieves an iteration complexity of O(1/ϵ1.5) in terms of the squared norm of the KKT residual for the reformulated problem. Moreover, even in the absence of the regularity assumption, we establish an iteration complexity of O(1/ϵ3) for the same metric. Through extensive numerical experiments on convex and nonconvex synthetic benchmarks and a hyper-data cleaning task, we illustrate the efficiency and scalability of our approach. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gradient methods

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On the round trip path testing strategy

On the round trip path testing strategy

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2010 IEEE 21st International Symposium on software Reliability engineering, ISSRE 2010

作者： Khalil, May Labiche, Yvan Carleton University Dept. Systems and Computer Engineering Software Quality Engineering Laboratory Ottawa ON Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9780769542553

A number of techniques have been proposed for state-based testing. One well-known technique (criterion) is to traverse the graph representing the state machine and generate a so-called transition tree, in an attempt to exercise round trip paths, i.e., paths that start and end in the same state without any other repeating state. Several hypotheses are made when one uses this criterion: exercising paths in the tree, which do not always trigger complete round trip paths, is equivalent to covering round-trip paths;different traversal algorithms are equivalent. In this paper we investigate whether these assumptions hold in practice, and if they do not, we investigate their consequences. Results also lead us to propose a new transition tree construction algorithm that results in higher efficiency and lower cost. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Forestry

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Towards an integration of different specification methods by using the viewpoint framework

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Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science 2002年第2期6卷 1-23页

作者： Enders, Bettina E. Heverhagen, Torsten Goedicke, Michael Tröpfner, Peter Tracht, Rudolf Specification of Software Systems Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science Germany Automation Technology Dept. of Mechanical Engineering University of Essen Germany

In industrial interdisciplinary projects where engineers of different sorts have to work together, a framework is necessary in order to support such an interdisciplinary development process. For example, the design information created by the production automation engineer has to be set into relation to the software architecture the software designer has to produce which will control the automation plant. Such requirements result in the need to consistently integrate various specification methods and development processes performed during the various development stages. This contribution shows that such an integration of heterogeneous specification methods concerning the various heterogeneous components of production automation systems can be achieved using the ViewPoint framework. This framework provides an intuitive understanding of different specifications involved in the development process, on the one side. On the other side the ViewPoint framework allows for a consistent and correct integration of these specifications due to its existing formalization by distributed graph transformation. © 2001 Society for Design and Process Science.

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Certain Investigation on IoT Based Cotton Dust Pollution Monitoring in Textile Plants

Certain Investigation on IoT Based Cotton Dust Pollution Mon...

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International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT)

作者： P Sivanesan Anand J V Trilok Sai Vaddanam Shaik Mohammad Irfan Department of Information Communication Technology School of Computing SASTRA University Thanjavur Tamilnadu India Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Engineering and Technology Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Chennai Tamil Nadu India Dept. of Computer science and Business Systems SASTRA University Thanjavur Tamilnadu India Dept.of ECE Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh India

ISBN: (数字)9798331512248

ISBN: (纸本)9798331512255

The objective of the work is to track the level of cotton dust in the textile sector. The IoT-enabled cotton dust monitoring system deploys three sensors: Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F; Shinyei PPD42NS; and Honeywell HPMA115S0-XXX measuring the dust levels. The Optical dust sensor GP2Y1010AU0F has a threshold of 1 mg/mS, which is placed inside the mask and when that threshold is crossed, buzzer alerts the worker with the air contaminants. It measures inhaled cotton dust and sends data to IoT, real-time concentration height of dust into the mobile devices. Experimental results show that Sharp GP2Y1010AU0F sensor has achieved award for acquiring the highest mean dust concentration of 95.167 mg/mS with a standard deviation of 3.014 among the three sensors, while Honeywell HPMA115S0-XXX and Shinyei PPD42NS recorded a mean of 87.833 mg/mS and 77.500 mg/mS, respectively. The observed response times of the sensors as follows for GP2Y1010AU0F-8s, HPMA115S0-XXX-6s, and PPD42NS- 5s, recording the fastest response by Honeywell HPMA115S0-XXX. A comparative study in accuracy, precision and sensitivity, with a response time, shows the merits and demerits for each sensor. Results emphasize the effectiveness of the system proposed for monitoring in terms of airborne cotton dust exposure in improving safety in textile workplaces. A meta-analysis is performed with Bayesian framework using JASP software.

关键词： Sensor phenomena and characterization software Real-time systems Sensors Safety Bayes methods Pollution measurement Cotton Time factors Monitoring

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