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Hybrid CNN-ViT architecture to exploit spatio-temporal feature for fire recognition trained through transfer learning

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第8期84卷 4703-4732页

作者： Shahid, Mohammad Wang, Hong-Cyuan Chen, Yung-Yao Hua, Kai-Lung Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Dept. of Electronic and Computer Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan

Fires are becoming one of the major natural hazards that threaten the ecology, economy, human life and even more worldwide. Therefore, early fire detection systems are crucial to prevent fires from spreading out of control and causing destruction. Based on vision sensors, many fire detection techniques have evolved with the recent surge of curiosity in deep learning, which exploits the spatial features of individual images. However, fire can take different forms, scales, and combustion materials can produce different colors, making accurate fire detection from an image challenging. Small fires captured from long-distance cameras lack salient features, further complicating detection. This paper proposes a hybrid structure that uses attention-enhanced convolutional neural networks and vision transformers (CNN-ViT) to detect fire. The proposed CNN-ViT first pays spatial attention to every frame and then aggregates temporal contextual information from neighboring frames to improve detection performance. Due to the limited availability of training fire datasets, the study employs deep transfer learning for feature extraction using pre-trained CNN. We used various metrics to examine the efficacy of the proposed approach. The results showed that the CNN-ViT method outperformed previous models based on spatial-temporal characteristics by achieving a relative improvement in accuracy and F1 score. The satisfactory results on images contaminated with different intensities of noise confirm the robustness of the approach. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Fires

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RESEARCH ON CROWDFUNDING FOR ARCHITECTURAL PRESERVATION: PROJECT TRENDS BASED ON ARCHITECTURAL EXPERIENCE REWARD

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AIJ Journal of technology and Design 2025年第77期31卷 568-572页

作者： Sakurada, Yuri Kamei, Yasuko Dept. of Architecture and Architectural Engineering Graduate School of Industrial Technology Nihon Univ Japan Dept. of Architecture and Architectural Engineering College of Industrial Technology Nihon Univ Japan

This study aims to derive the ideal projects and rewords for architectural experience rewords from reword reword-based crowdfunding for architectural preservation, based on the contents of the rewords and the state of support, leading to sustainable preservation activities that do not end with fundraising alone. The findings indicate that incorporating rewords that are highly flexible and accessible to a broad range of individuals, as well as those that are highly unique, can attract significant support and foster a high level of interest in architecture. © 2025 Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Historic preservation

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Analytical Study on Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machines Considering Leakage Flux Based on Subdomain Method

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Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2025年第2期74卷 280-286页

作者： Yang, Jun-Won Kim, Tae-Seong Kim, Yong-Joo Lee, Yoon-Seok Shin, Kyung-Hun Choi, Jang-Young Dept. of Electrical Engineering Changwon National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Electrical Engineering Chungnam National University Korea Republic of Dept. of Biosystem Machinery Engineering Chungnam National University Korea Republic of HYUNDAI MOBIS Advanced E-drive system development team Korea Republic of

In this paper, an improved analytical method for axial flux permanent magnet machines considering leakage flux is presented. Based on the assumption that the magnetic vector potential in the r direction is uniform, the analytical model in the polar coordinate system is simplified from a three-dimensional model to a two-dimensional model dependent on z and θ. and the magnetic vector potential is then derived for analysis region. The electromagnetic characteristics of the analysis model are calculated using the derived magnetic vector potential. A magnetic equivalent circuit for calculating the leakage flux in the r-z plane is defined and the leakage coefficient is derived. The electromagnetic characteristics derived from the proposed analysis method are compared with the results from 3D finite element analysis to verify its validity. © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers.

关键词： Magnetic leakage

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STUDY OVER THE HARMONIC EFFECTS IN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series C: Electrical Engineering an...

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UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series C: Electrical engineering and Computer Science 2025年第1期87卷 259-272页

作者： Ioana, Gabriel Cazacu, Emil Petrescu, Lucian Stănculescu, Marilena Dept. of Electrical Engineering National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest Romania

This paper analyses the implementation of modern remedial measures to current, and voltage distortion problems generated by power nonlinear industrial loads. For these types of heavily polluted consumers, traditional solutions such as passive or hybrid filters are not suited. Consequently, the active harmonic filters (AHF) are the only pieces of equipment to be considered. Their proper selection is attained only after performing an adequate power quality audit of the main electric parameters at the main low voltage switchboards. The paper presents an AHF-based solution for nonlinear industrial load which reduces the current and voltage harmonics. The solution is validated by harmonics measurements before and after AHF installation. © 2025, Politechnica University of Bucharest. All rights reserved.

关键词： Active filters

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A High-Performance Point Scalar Multiplier supporting Edwards25519 and Curve25519 Curves

A High-Performance Point Scalar Multiplier supporting Edward...

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2025 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication, ICEIC 2025

作者： Lee, Ju-Hyung Shin, Kyung-Wook Kumoh National Institute of Technology Dept. of Semicondictor System Engineering Gumi-si Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510756

This paper presents a high-performance point scalar multiplier that supports two special elliptic curves, namely Edwards25519 and Curve25519 specified in the NIST standards. In order to maximize the benefits of fast point operations on Curve25519 in comparison to the Edwards25519, a point mapping from the Edwards25519 to the Curve25519 was employed. To reduce the number of finite field arithmetic required for point operations, we adopted an XZ coordinate system that makes use only of the x-coordinate of Curve25519. In addition, we reorganized finite field arithmetic to maximize the parallelism of finite field arithmetic circuit, thus allowing point operations to be computed at high speed. The FPGA implementation demonstrated that point scalar multiplication (PSM) took 241 μs and 234 μs, respectively on Edwards25519 and Curve25519, with a clock frequency of 175 MHz. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Multiplying circuits

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Effect of Mass Ratio and Jet Behavior of Venturi Nozzle on Oxygen Dissolution Characteristics

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Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers, B 2025年第5期49卷 309-316页

作者： Park, Sang Kyoo Yang, Hei Cheon Dept. of Mechanical Design Engineering Chonnam Nat'l Univ. Korea Republic of Dept. of Mechanical System Engineering Chonnam Nat'l Univ. Korea Republic of

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of mass ratio and macroscopic jet behavior on the oxygen dissolution characteristics of a two-phase mixed jet with a Venturi nozzle throat area ratio. A direct visualization technique with a high-speed camera was used to capture macroscopic images of the two-phase mixed jet. The clean water unsteady-state technique was used for oxygen dissolution measurement. The results indicated that, regardless of nozzle type, as the suction flow rate of air increases, the mass ratio decreases. However, as mass ratio increases, the jet tip penetration distance decreases, accompanied by an increase in air bubble density and jet dispersion. Furthermore, with a decrease in the nozzle throat area ratio and an increase in the mass ratio, the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient increases. This occurs because higher mass ratios result in greater bubble density, shorter jet penetration distances, and larger jet dispersion. © 2025 The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers.

关键词： High speed cameras

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A STUDY ON MAXIMUM STRENGTH OF STEEL STRUCTURE COMBINED JOINTS WITH BOLTS AND SELF-DRILLING SCREWS

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AIJ Journal of technology and Design 2025年第77期31卷 270-275页

作者： Sato, Atsushi Maglio, Maria School of Engineering Nagoya Institute of Technology Japan Dept. of Civil Engineering Università degli Studi di Salerno Italy

One method of connecting steel members is by using mechanical fastenings such as bolts and self-drilling screws, which are commonly used in cold-formed steel structures. The AIJ revised the "Recommendations for Design and Fabrication of Light Weight Steel Structures" this year, specifying the use of these mechanical fastenings. However, it is not permitted to combine different components in one joint. This study conducted real-scale tests to evaluate the ultimate strength of combined joints, and the results showed that it might be possible to sum the strength delivered from each component. © 2025 Architectural Institute of Japan. All rights reserved.

关键词： Self drilling screws

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A Hardware Accelerator for High-Speed Computation of Ed25519 and X25519

A Hardware Accelerator for High-Speed Computation of Ed25519...

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2025 International Conference on Electronics, Information, and Communication, ICEIC 2025

作者： Lee, Su-Hyeon Lee, Song-Hee Shin, Kyung-Wook Kumoh National Insitute of Technology Dept. of Semicondictor System Engineering Gumi-si Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798331510756

This paper presents a hardware accelerator for the high-speed computation of both Ed25519, an Edwards curve digital signature algorithm (EdDSA) protocol based on the Edwards25519, and X25519, a key exchange protocol based on the Curve25519. The accelerator consists of several components, including a cryptographic processor supporting special elliptic curves of Curve25519 and Edwards25519, a modular multiplier, a random number generator, and a hash core. It was estimated that the accelerator was capable of performing approximately 1,400 Ed25519 signature generations and verifications, and about 4,000×25519 key exchanges per second at a clock frequency of 206 MHz. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Random number generation

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Motion Generation Utilizing Flexibility for Enhancing Velocity Based on Wave Control

Motion Generation Utilizing Flexibility for Enhancing Veloci...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics, ICM 2025

作者： Matsumoto, Reo Katsura, Seiichiro Keio University Dept. of System Design Engineering Yokohama Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9798331533892

In recent years, research in the field of robotics has made significant progress, especially in motion control. Mechanisms and control methods that enable robots to perform tasks like humans have been developed. Among these advancements, there has been increasing focus on integrating flexible beams into robotic links. Flexible beams are characterized by high safety due to their flexibility, which also enhances human-robot interaction. However, this flexibility has the potential to cause vibrations. Consequently, many studies have been conducted on vibration suppression techniques, and wave control is one of these approaches. Focusing on human movements, humans can utilize flexibility in tools or body parts effectively, such as golf swings and a throwing motions. Considering a swing motion, the force generated from the torso is transferred to the hands and the golf club, leveraging the flex of the club to increase the ball's travel distance. Based on this concept, this study proposes a control method that utilizes flexibility by controlling the reflected wave through the flexible structure. The proposed method is based on wave control, aiming to increase velocity on the load-side and suppress vibration at the convergence position. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated through experiments. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Human robot interaction

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Innovative Solutions For Oil Well Monitoring: Data-Driven Multiphase Virtual Flow Metering Using Ensemble Machine Learning And Historical Field Data

Journal of Applied Science and Engineering

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Journal of Applied Science and engineering 2025年第12期28卷 2427-2438页

作者： Farag, Wael A. Ismail, Hussein H. Nadeem, Muhammad Electrical Power Engineering Dept. Cairo University Giza Egypt College of Engineering and Technology American University of the Middle East Kuwait

By combining data-driven ensemble machine-learning algorithms and historical oil field portable test reports, this paper proposes a Data-Drive Multiphase Virtual Flow Meter (DD-MVFM) that estimates oil, gas, and water flow rates and provides real-time monitoring, and predicts future production with appropriate accuracy. The proposed DD − MVFM utilizes the existing hardware used for measurements of basic variables such as temperature, and pressure at different locations at the well-head structure. The DD − MVFM can be employed in three ways. The first way is to be used as a verification tool for multiphase physical flow meters (MPFMs), making sure they are working properly and increasing confidence in the collected readings. The second way is to use the DD − MVFM as a redundant tool when the MPFMs are not available or going through maintenance. The third way, which is the main objective of our research, is to employ the proposed DD MVFM as a standalone for the complete replacement of current and future MPFM installments. This, significantly lowers the operating cost, reducing the required portable field tests, and saving the need to build a major infrastructure for the set-up of MPFMs for new oil wells. Consequently, this contributes to the ambitious goal of reducing CO2 emissions. The development of the DD − MVFM encompasses the fusion of multiple data wrangling and machine learning algorithms to achieve the required performance. The testing results of the proposed DD − MVFM and the prediction experiments show that it successfully achieved a performance of 85%. These results will be significantly improved in the future after incorporating more data from the previous and coming field test reports. © The Author(’s).

关键词： Oil well testing

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