We evaluate switch scales for several single-layer and hierarchical optical cross-connects. With introducing practical waveband add/drop ratio bounds that can be derived through recently developed network design algor...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9780819485564
We evaluate switch scales for several single-layer and hierarchical optical cross-connects. With introducing practical waveband add/drop ratio bounds that can be derived through recently developed network design algorithms, switch scale is shown to be significantly reduced. We identify the most cost-effective switch architectures by applying practical parameter values.
The cognitive networks need the flexible utilization of the spectrum and bandwidths, without impacting the licensed Users(also called Primary Users, PU). While the cognitive radio network Media Access Control (MAC) la...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781617822629
The cognitive networks need the flexible utilization of the spectrum and bandwidths, without impacting the licensed Users(also called Primary Users, PU). While the cognitive radio network Media Access Control (MAC) layer is required not only to provide traditional services but also to perform an entirely new function for effective using the available bandwidths for the unlicensed users called Secondary Users (SU). To solve the problem, this paper develops a new MAC scheme that allows unlicensed users adaptively select spectrum, and it supports the QoS of high priority unlicensed users. The proposed MAC protocol offers differentiated access through the SUs' parameters setting AIFS[AC], CWmin[AC], CWmax[AC]. Each AC is equipped with a transmitting queue. Simulations verify the proposed MAC scheme for cognitive networks.
Mathematical analysis of current congestion control algorithms [1, 2] reveals that, as the delay-bandwidth product (BDP) increases, TCP becomes more oscillatory and prone to instability, regardless of the queuing sche...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781617822629
Mathematical analysis of current congestion control algorithms [1, 2] reveals that, as the delay-bandwidth product (BDP) increases, TCP becomes more oscillatory and prone to instability, regardless of the queuing scheme. To address this problem, a novel approach to Internet congestion control is developed recently. This new eXplicit Control Protocol (XCP) delivers the highest possible application performance over a broad range of network infrastructure, including extremely high speed and very high delay links that are not well served by TCP. We analyze the performance of XCP and make comparation with TCP. Extensive simulations show that XCP achieves fair bandwidth allocation, high utilization, small standing queue size, and near-zero packet drops, with both steady and highly varying traffic. In this paper, we investigate the XCP in deep sight;also present a simple network in which XCP is locally stable but globally unstable in the presence of latency. The simulation results verify that XCP remains fairness, high utilization for future high bandwidth-delay product network.
The existing cognitive network can not provide the spatial sectors for a cell, since the base-station (BS) has one omnidirectional antenna. Thus it is impossible for a base-band channel to be shared by several mobile ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781617822629
The existing cognitive network can not provide the spatial sectors for a cell, since the base-station (BS) has one omnidirectional antenna. Thus it is impossible for a base-band channel to be shared by several mobile stations(MSs) with one omni-directional antenna. To solve the problem, this paper proposes the spatial multiplexing algorithms for transmitter and receiver of cognitive BS. In the proposed scheme, the cognitive BS has a uniform circular array (UCA) with 8 elements, it can provide five nearly orthogonal sectors for MSs, and a base-band channel can be shared by 5 sectors, but the MS has one omni-directional antenna only, and simple transmitter and receiver. The experimental results verify that the proposed algorithms are able to increase the cellular capacity to nearly 5 times with low co-channel interference, and the co-channel interference also can be canceled by LDPC codec.
Different from the MAC of IEEE 802.11, the application of IEEE 802.22 suffers the uncertain spectrum and frequency width, which can not ensure the access of mobile users to be valid. To solve the problem, in this pape...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781617822629
Different from the MAC of IEEE 802.11, the application of IEEE 802.22 suffers the uncertain spectrum and frequency width, which can not ensure the access of mobile users to be valid. To solve the problem, in this paper, we modify the CSMA/CA mechanism in order to make it suit the Cognitive Radio environments, in which the spectrum can be effectively used. We validate the modification by numerical analysis.
Initial quantization parameter (QP) selection is critical for the overall performance of video rate control. In this paper, we propose an adaptive initial QP selection algorithm for H.264/AVC Scalable Extension (SVC) ...
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Initial quantization parameter (QP) selection is critical for the overall performance of video rate control. In this paper, we propose an adaptive initial QP selection algorithm for H.264/AVC Scalable Extension (SVC) rate control. The proposed algorithm introduces a number of efficient methods, including a coding complexity measure for intraframes, and a rate~complexity-quantization (R-C-Q) model to accurately determine initial QPs for H.264/SVC rate control. Our experimental results demonstrate that, the proposed initial QP selection algorithm outperforms the one of JVT-W043 rate control scheme, adopted in the H.264/SVC reference software, by providing more accurate initial QP prediction, reducing buffer overflow/undertow, depressing quality fluctuations, and finally, improves the overall coding quality by up to 0.48dB.
LED play the role at such the kind of modern display light source thanks to its power consumption and the most important,outstanding colour *** displays are required to be much thinner and thinner with best colour ***...
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LED play the role at such the kind of modern display light source thanks to its power consumption and the most important,outstanding colour *** displays are required to be much thinner and thinner with best colour *** have manipulated the pattern distribution of the micro features to obtain the required optical characteristics.A light guide plate(LGP) of 3.5 inch dimension using an LED light source is used as an example for the study of integrated *** research designs a piece of light guide film(LGF) at the back of *** may induct the exterior light,and enables the backlight module to achieve the energy *** addition,the special-designed light pipe and freeform optics will induce external light,which will contribute 15% power savings.
The formal representation of topological relations plays a very important role in process of spatial query, spatial analysis and spatial reasoning. Most current models support a single representation of geometry and t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424473014
The formal representation of topological relations plays a very important role in process of spatial query, spatial analysis and spatial reasoning. Most current models support a single representation of geometry and topology at a fixed resolution. While it often happens that different applications take into consideration spatial data/topological relationship, with the same 3D scene date, under different viewpoints, in different geometric forms and/or with different resolutions. In this case, a topology model for multiple topological representations is needed. In this paper, we propose a new approach based on combinatorial maps, which focus on both multiple topological representations under the situation of LOD and Feature semantic/spatial aggregation and the consistency of topology.
Action potential duration restitution(APDR) is thought to be relevant to the stability of cardiac electrophysiology. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was simulated using the Wei-Harumi model by taking into account piecew...
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Action potential duration restitution(APDR) is thought to be relevant to the stability of cardiac electrophysiology. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was simulated using the Wei-Harumi model by taking into account piecewise linear action potential duration restitution based on clinical findings. We found, in the simulation, that heart model with steeper slope of APDR required less ectopic stimuli to trigger VF. This result suggested that the APDR may affect cardiac vulnerability to VF.
DCT kernel based finite discrete Gabor expansion (DGE) and discrete Gabor transform (DGT) implemented by filterbanks are presented. An analysis filterbank is designed for the finite DGT and a synthesis filterbank is d...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424472352
DCT kernel based finite discrete Gabor expansion (DGE) and discrete Gabor transform (DGT) implemented by filterbanks are presented. An analysis filterbank is designed for the finite DGT and a synthesis filterbank is designed for the finite DGE. The parallel channel in each of the two filterbanks has a unified structure and can apply the fast DCT (discrete cosine transform) algorithm to reduce its computational load. The computational complexity of each parallel channel is very low and is independent of the oversampling rate of the DGT. The computational complexity of the proposed parallel method is analyzed and compared with that of the existing major parallel algorithms for the finite DGT and DGE. The results show that the proposed parallel implementation of the DCT kernel based finite DGE and DGT is attractive for real time signal processing.
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