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An automatic programming ACO-based algorithm for classification rule mining 8th

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8th International Conference on Practical Applications of Agents and Multiagent Systems, PAAMS 2010

作者： Olmo, Juan Luis Luna, José Mara Romero, José Raúl Ventura, Sebastián Dept. of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis University of Cordoba Albert Einstein building Rabanales Campus Cordoba14071 Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783642124327

In this paper we present a novel algorithm, named GBAP, that jointly uses automatic programming with ant colony optimization for mining classification rules. GBAP is based on a context-free grammar that properly guides the search process of valid rules. Furthermore, its most important characteristics are also discussed, such as the use of two different heuristic measures for every transition rule, as well as the way it evaluates the mined rules. These features enhance the final rule compilation from the output classifier. Finally, the experiments over 17 diverse data sets prove that the accuracy values obtained by GBAP are pretty competitive and even better than those resulting from the top Ant-Miner algorithm. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010.

关键词： Context free grammars

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An intruder detection approach based on infrequent rating pattern mining

An intruder detection approach based on infrequent rating pa...

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International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (ISDA)

作者： José María Luna Aurora Ramírez José Raúl Romero Sebastián Ventura Dept. of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis University of Córdoba Córdoba Spain

This work presents a novel proposal for incremental intruder detection in collaborative recommender systems. We explore the use of rare association rule mining to reveal the existence of a suspected raid of attackers that would alter the normal behaviour of a rating-based system. In this position paper we have extended our previous G3PARM algorithm, which has already proven to serve as a solid method for extracting frequent association rules. G3PARM is an evolutionary algorithm that uses G3P (Grammar Guided Genetic Programming), which provides expressiveness and flexibility enough to adapt and apply the base context-free grammar to each specific problem or domain. We fully outline, moreover, the complete exploration and detection model, which includes some further post-analysis steps. Finally, as a proof of concept, we validate the scalability, efficiency and accuracy of our proposal showing the results obtained when different malicious intruders want to attack an on line recommender system.

关键词： Association rules Proposals Grammar Intelligent systems Recommender systems Collaboration

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RBM-based Silhouette Encoding for Human Action Modelling

RBM-based Silhouette Encoding for Human Action Modelling

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： Manuel J. Marín-Jiménez Nicolas Perez de la Blanca M. Angeles Mendoza Dept. of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis University of Córdoba Córdoba Spain Dept. of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Granada Granada Spain

In this paper we evaluate the use of Restricted Bolzmann Machines (RBM) in the context of learning and recognizing human actions. The features used as basis are binary silhouettes of persons. We test the proposed approach on two datasets of human actions where binary silhouettes are available: ViHASi (synthetic data) and Weizmann (real data). In addition, on Weizmann dataset, we combine features based on optical flow with the associated binary silhouettes. The results show that thanks to the use of RBM-based models, very informative and shorter feature vectors can be obtained for the classification tasks, improving the classification performance.

关键词： Humans Pixel Cameras Data models Encoding Databases Computational modeling

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P system model optimisation by means of evolutionary based search algorithms 10

P system model optimisation by means of evolutionary based s...

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12th Annual Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO-2010

作者： García-Martínez, Carlos Lima, Claudio Twycross, Jamie Krasnogor, Natalio Dept. Computing and Numerical Analysis University of Córdoba 14071 Córdoba Spain Centre for Plant Integrative Biology University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Nottingham LE12 5RD United Kingdom ASAP Research Group School of Computer Science Jubilee Campus Nottingham NG8 1BB United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781450300728

Executable Biology, also called Algorithmic Systems Biology, uses rigorous concepts from computer science and mathematics to build computational models of biological entities. P systems are emerging as one of the key modelling frameworks within Executable Biology. In this paper, we address the continuous backward problem: given a P system model structure and a target phenotype (i.e. an intended biological behaviour), one is tasked with finding the (near) optimal parameters for the model that would make the P system model produce the target behaviour as closely as possible. We test several real-valued parameter optimisation algorithms on this problem. More specifically, using four different test cases of increasing complexity, we perform experiments with four evolutionary algorithms, and one variable neighbourhood search method combining three other evolutionary algorithms. The results show that, when there are few parameters to optimise, a genetic and two differential evolution based algorithms are robust optimisera attaining the best results. However, when the number of parameters increases, the variable neighbourhood search approach performs better. Copyright 2010 ACM.

关键词： Biology

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Attractor neural networks with patchy connectivity

Attractor neural networks with patchy connectivity

引用

13th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, ESANN 2005

作者： Johansson, Christopher Rehn, Martin Lansner, Anders Royal Institute of Technology Dept of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science 100 44 Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)2930307056

We investigate the effects of patchy (clustered) connectivity in sparsely connected attractor neural networks (NNs). This study is motivated by the fact that the connectivity of pyramidal neurons in layer II/III of the mammalian visual cortex is patchy and sparse. The storage capacity of hypercolumnar attractor NNs that use the Hopfield and Willshaw learning rules with this kind of connectivity is investigated analytically as well as by simulation experiments. We find that patchy connectivity gives a higher storage capacity, given an overall sparse connectivity and regardless of learning rule.

关键词： Mammals

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Action context and target context representations: A case study on collaborative design learning

Action context and target context representations: A case st...

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International Conference on computer Supported Collaborative Learning

作者： Artman, Henrik Ramberg, Robert Sundholm, Hillevi Cerratto-Pargman, Teresa Dept. for Numerical Analysis and Computer Science Royal Institute of Technology Sweden Dept. of Computer- and Systems Sciences Stockholm University Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)0805857826

This paper focuses on the concept of representations produced in the context of collaborative design. More specifically, on the interplay between collaborative creation of sketches (design proposals), and argumentation and negotiation processes taking place in the design activity. The question raised in this paper is how sketches produced during a design session reflect and mediate dialogues and argumentation in the design activity and how the sketches feed into an envisioned use context or vice versa. The concepts of action context and target context representations are introduced and used to illustrate shifts of focus during a design session. We have studied a group of students working on a design task in an interactive space for two weeks. The purpose of the study was to investigate how an environment meant to support collaborative work and learning support collaborative and creative learning of interaction design. The results indicate that students attending a course on interaction design did not pay enough attention to target representations. Furthermore the results suggest that "action context representations" to a large extent occupy student activities as a result of either complex technology or as a result of the students thrust to do something instrumental. We suggest that pedagogical programs for collaborative learning of design may relieve some of the mapping, or interplay, of design proposals and the target context representation.

关键词： design communication interactive spaces learning representation

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Recognizing mobile organizations from column formations using hierarchical hidden Markov models: a simulation experiment

Recognizing mobile organizations from column formations usin...

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International Conference on Information Fusion

作者： F. Stavfors P. Svensson Dept.of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science KTH Stockholm Sweden Dept. of Data and Information Fusion FOI Stockholm Sweden

In a paper at Fusion 2000, Bjornfot and Svensson discussed the use of HMMs to recognize mobile military organizations moving in column formation along a road from observations of the types and relative positions of its component vehicles. Straightforward use of standard HMMs in the sequence recognition task restricts the application of this technique to the rather unlikely situation where all vehicle types normally follow each other according to a fixed sequential pattern. In this paper, this restriction is relaxed by representing a multi-level organization by a Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model, in which each possible component sequence for each organizational subunit type is modeled by a separate "sub-HMM". Experiments are carried out using simulated data which illustrate the increased flexibility and applicability of this approach in column recognition tasks.

关键词： Hidden Markov models Road vehicles Computational modeling Pattern recognition Target recognition Switches Inference algorithms Bayesian methods Intelligent vehicles Robustness

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An OGSA-based accounting system for allocation enforcement across HPC centers 04

An OGSA-based accounting system for allocation enforcement a...

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ICSOC '04: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Service Oriented Computing

作者： Sandholm, Thomas Gardfjäll, Peter Elmroth, Erik Johnsson, Lennart Mulmo, Olle Dept. of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science PDC Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden Dept. of Computing Science and HPC2N Umeå University SE-901 87 Umeå Sweden Dept. of Computer Science Texas Learning and Computation Center University of Houston Houston TX 77204 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581138717

In this paper, we present an Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA)-based decentralized allocation enforcement system, developed with an emphasis on a consistent data model and easy integration into existing scheduling, and workload management software at six independent high-performance computing centers forming a Grid known as SweGrid. The Swedish National Allocations Committee (SNAC) allocates resource quotas at these centers to research projects requiring substantial computer time. Our system, the SweGrid Accounting System (SGAS), addresses the need for soft real-time allocation enforcement on SweGrid for cross-domain job submission. The SGAS framework is based on state-of-the-art Web and Grid services technologies. The openness and ubiquity of Web services combined with the fine-grained resource control and cross-organizational security models of Grid services proved to be a perfect match for the SweGrid needs. Extensibility and customizability of policy implementations for the three different parties the system serves (the user, the resource manager, and the allocation authority) are key design goals. Another goal is end-to-end security and single sign-on, to allow resources - selected based on client policies - to act on behalf of the user when negotiating contracts with the bank in an environment where the six centers would continue to use their existing accounting policies and tools. We conclude this paper by showing the feasibility of SGAS, which is currently being deployed at the production sites, using simulations of reservation streams. The reservation streams are shaped using soft computing and policy-based algorithms. Copyright 2004 ACM.

关键词： computer science

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Probabilistic and voting approaches to cue integration for figure-ground segmentation 7th

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7th European Conference on computer Vision, ECCV 2002

作者： Hayman, Eric Eklundh, Jan-Olof Dept. of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science KTH StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)3540437460

This paper describes techniques for fusing the output of multiple cues to robustly and accurately segment foreground objects from the background in image sequences. Two different methods for cue integration are presented and tested. The first is a probabilistic approach which at each pixel computes the likelihood of observations over all cues before assigning pixels to foreground or background layers using Bayes Rule. The second method allows each cue to make a decision independent of the other cues before fusing their outputs with a weighted sum. A further important contribution of ourwork concerns demonstrating howmodels for some cues can be learnt and subsequently adapted online. In particular, regions of coherent motion are used to train distributions for colour and for a simple texture descriptor. An additional aspect of our framework is in providing mechanisms for suppressing cues when they are believed to be unreliable, for instance during training or when they disagree with the general consensus. Results on extended video sequences are presented. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002.

关键词： Pixels

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Implicit probabilistic models of human motion for synthesis and tracking 7th

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7th European Conference on computer Vision, ECCV 2002

作者： Sidenbladh, Hedvig Black, Michael J. Sigal, Leonid Dept. of Numerical Analysis and Comp. Sci. KTH StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden Department of Computer Science Brown University Box 1910 ProvidenceRI02912 United States

ISBN: (纸本)3540437452

This paper addresses the problem of probabilistically modeling 3D human motion for synthesis and tracking. Given the high dimensional nature of human motion, learning an explicit probabilistic model from available training data is currently impractical. Instead we exploit methods from texture synthesis that treat images as representing an implicit empirical distribution. These methods replace the problem of representing the probability of a texture pattern with that of searching the training data for similar instances of that pattern. We extend this idea to temporal data representing 3D human motion with a large database of example motions. To make the method useful in practice, we must address the problem of efficient search in a large training set;efficiency is particularly important for tracking. Towards that end, we learn a low dimensional linear model of human motion that is used to structure the example motion database into a binary tree. An approximate probabilistic tree search method exploits the coefficients of this low-dimensional representation and runs in sub-linear time. This probabilistic tree search returns a particular sample human motion with probability approximating the true distribution of human motions in the database. This sampling method is suitable for use with particle filtering techniques and is applied to articulated 3D tracking of humans within a Bayesian framework. Successful tracking results are presented, along with examples of synthesizing human motion using the model. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002.

关键词： Binary trees

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