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Material and digital design synthesis (Emergent technologies and design masters programme)

ARCHITECTURAL design 2006年第180期76卷 88-95页

作者： Hensel, M Menges, A Ocean North Emergence and Design Group Emergent Technologies and Design Masters Programme Diploma Unit 4

The advanced material and morphogenetic digital design techniques and technologies presented in this journal call for a higher level methodological integration, which poses a major challenge for the next generation of multidisciplinary architectural research and projects. This collaborative task encompasses the striving for an integrated set of design methods, generative and analytical tools and enabling technologies that facilitate and instrumentalise evolutionary design, and evaluation of differentiated material systems towards a highly performative and sustainable built environment. Michael Hensel and Achim Menges describe recent progress towards a higher-level design synthesis of material self-organisation, digital morphogenesis, associative parametric modelling and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) on the basis of two works produced within the context of the Emergent Technologies and design Masters programme at the Architectural Association in London, and a recent competition entry by Scheffler + Partner Architects and Achim Menges.

关键词： Emergent Technologies and design Scheffler + Partner Architects Achim Menges Hercules Monument Visitor Centre Giannis Douridas Mattia Gambardella Associative Component Structures EmTech Pavel Hladík Phyllotaxic Component Growth Ernst Ulrich Scheffler Eva Scheffler Klaus Bollinger Bollinger + Grohmann Consulting Engineers Claudius Grothe Freiraum Landscape Architecture Kassel Wilhelmshöhe Palace Michael Hensel Michael Weinstock Nikolaos Stathopoulos George Jeronimidis Werner Sobek Frei Otto Mark Burry Temple Sagrada Familía

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Architected design and Fabrication of Soft Mechanical Metamaterials

ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS

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ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2025年第4期7卷

作者： Stalin, Thileepan Mathai, Aby Raj Plamootil Thanigaivel, Naresh Kumar Kanhere, Elgar Dontu, Saikrishna Hiramandala, Gumawang Chooi, Aaron Ugalde, Arturo Castillo Alvarado, Pablo Valdivia Y. Singapore Univ Technol & Design Engn Prod Dev EPD Singapore 487372 Singapore Singapore Univ Technol & Design Digital Mfg & Design DManD Ctr Singapore 487372 Singapore Campus Res Excellence & Technol Enterprise CREATE Smart Grippers Soft Robot SGSR Programme Singapore HUJ Alliance Res & Enterprise SHARE Singapore 138602 Singapore

This study proposes a systematic design approach to 3D print soft mechanical metamaterials by tuning material flow behavior and using optimal toolpaths and print parameters. Planar printing tool paths, utilized in layer-by-layer printing such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) and prevalently used in most slicing algorithms, severely limit the realization of complex topologies required in metamaterials. Utilizing parametric design principles, the proposed approach employs discrete and continuous 3D freeform tool paths for supported and unsupported direct ink writing (DIW) of elastomeric structures. The resulting textured, soft topologies significantly enhance the performance of various mechanisms in soft robotics and impact energy-absorbing wearable devices. Various bioinspired structures such as cilia, webs, leaf-like structures, and lattices are explored using extrusion-based silicone 3D printing, achieving features with high aspect ratios (L/D <= 12) without support. These complex structures are challenging to 3D print using conventional planar toolpaths. To demonstrate the enhanced functionalities enabled by these new topologies, cilia arrays added to suction cups increased the pull-off forces by 18%. Additionally, 3D-printed elastomeric lattice slabs used as energy-absorbing structures reduced the maximum impact peak forces by 85%. Further functionalities, including magnetic, thermochromic, and signal transmission properties, are also showcased using functional soft mechanical metamaterials.

关键词： architected designs bioinspired structures multimaterial additive manufacturing soft mechanical metamaterials soft robots

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Evaluation of the effect of triphenyl phosphate on hemp fiber-reinforced polycarbonate composites for 3D printing applications

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POLYMER COMPOSITES 2025年第0期

作者： Engin, Irem Ceylan Alp, Nese Cakici Aytac, Ayse Kocaeli Univ Architecture & Design Fac Dept Architecture Kocaeli Turkiye Kocaeli Univ Engn Fac Dept Chem Engn Kocaeli Turkiye Kocaeli Univ Polymer Sci & Technol Programme Kocaeli Turkiye

This study examined the effects of adding plasticizer to 3D printable hemp fiber-reinforced polycarbonate (PCH) composites to improve composite properties and facilitate the 3D printing process. The plasticizer or flame retardant, triphenyl phosphate (TPP), was added to the PCH composite at three different ratios (5%, 10%, and 20%). The characterization of composites was realized with Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), rheological analysis, tensile testing, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. According to DSC results, while the glass transition temperature of pure PC was 148.44 degrees C, it was reduced to 93.74 degrees C with the addition of TPP. TGA analysis showed that PC has the best thermal resistance. The tensile test demonstrated that 20%TPP-containing samples exhibited a value of 59.52 MPa, representing a 38% increase compared to pure PC. Additionally, the LOI value of this sample is 32.4, increased by 12% compared to pure PC. Furthermore, SEM analysis showed that TPP reduced the gaps between the matrix and fiber. In general, the properties improved with an increase in TPP content. A composite was developed from a partially natural and more sustainable material, with improved properties and 3D printing processability compared to pure *** 10%TPP-added composite has demonstrated the best thermal resistance 20% TPP-added composite has 32.4 LOI and 59.52 MPa tensile strength values Adding hemp fiber to PC did not significantly change the Tg value 20% TPP addition to the composite reduced the Tg value by 63%. The 3D printing process has become easier with the increasing TPP ratio.

关键词： 3D printer materials alkali-treated-hemp fiber FDM plasticizer polycarbonate TPP

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Enhancing Health Innovation and Entrepreneurship Through an Entrepreneurial Fellowship Program

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ANNALS OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2025年 1-12页

作者： Bloch, Carter Bak, Mads Schafer Glud, Sys Zoffmann Aarhus Univ Danish Ctr Studies Res & Res Policy CFA Dept Polit Sci Aarhus Denmark Aarhus Univ Dept Clin Med Biomed Design Programme Aarhus Denmark

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study how the BioMedical design programme affects and shapes individual development, group work dynamics among participating fellows and, through these, innovation processes and *** on surveys of fellows in the period 2018-2023, it examines changes in fellows' perceived levels of creativity and entrepreneurship and the role of team dynamics through surveys conducted before and after the *** program led to perceived improvements in being creative, problem solving, collaborating, utilizing networks, and in taking risks. However, at the same time, the program left fellows with a deeper understanding of and respect for the challenges in creating a start-up. One year after the program, fellows reported benefits for their new employment or for their continued start-up ambitions, where around 60% were still involved in an entrepreneurial *** results confirm earlier work that shows that entrepreneurial education programs have a positive impact on entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions, where we are also able to explore in greater depth the ways in which the program impacted participating fellows.

关键词： Entrepreneurship education Health innovation Entrepreneurial mindset Teamwork Creativity

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From insight to action: An integrated assessment framework for digital citizen participation in data-centric urban practices

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CITIES 2025年 156卷

作者： Ataman, Cem Herthogs, Pieter Tuncer, Bige Perrault, Simon Singapore Univ Technol & Design Architecture & Sustainable Design 8 Somapah Rd Singapore 487372 Singapore Singapore ETH Ctr Future Cities Lab Global Programme CREATE Campus1 Create Way06-01 CREATE Tower Singapore 138602 Singapore Eindhoven Univ Technol Informat Syst Built Environm NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven Netherlands Singapore Univ Technol & Design Informat Syst Technol & Design 8 Somapah Rd Singapore 487372 Singapore

The integration of digital technologies into urban practices has expanded opportunities for citizen participation and enabled more effective data-driven decision-making. Despite these advancements, challenges such as complex data management and equitable public engagement persist. These challenges are amplified in densely populated cities like Singapore, where the demand for effective and inclusive digital participation frameworks is paramount. Accordingly, this research aims to develop an assessment framework specifically for digital participation processes in such urban contexts through a two-stage analytical methodology. The first stage involves semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, including urban designers and planners, authorities, and residents, to explore challenges and perspectives qualitatively. These qualitative data are then rigorously analyzed using thematic coding. The second stage involves opinion surveys, the results of which are subjected to Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to yield a quantitative assessment tool. The findings identify critical success factors, including the need for context-specific interventions, active engagement between residents and designers, integration of multi-scale datasets, and the use of structured evaluation metrics. By employing this integrated approach, the research provides a comprehensive and actionable framework to enhance digital citizen participation in urban contexts for both macro-environmental and micro-cultural decisions in post-participation.

关键词： Digital participation Post-participation Stakeholder inclusion Participation data management Decision-making Effective participation strategies

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Literacy (development) in regional collateral languages of Europe - introduction to the special issue of the Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development

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JOURNAL OF MULTILINGUAL AND MULTICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT 2025年第3期46卷 511-523页

作者： Marten, Heiko F. Martena, Sanita Leibniz Inst German Language Programme Area Language Publ Arena Mannheim Germany Rezekne Acad Technol Inst Reg Studies Rezekne Latvia Rezekne Acad Technol Fac Educ Languages & Design Rezekne Latvia

This introduction provides the theoretical context of the Special Issue on Literacy Development in Regional Collateral Languages of Europe and an overview of the papers in the collection. For this end, it first discusses contemporary perceptions of the terms 'literacy' and 'literacies'. These go far beyond traditional understandings, even though expressing one's thoughts through writing texts and meaning-making through reading are still at the core of literacies. Then, readers are introduced to the concept and the ideological contexts of 'regional collateral languages': These are varieties which are, on the one hand, structurally and ideologically closely related, or 'collateral', to major languages, often the main languages of nation states. On the other hand, they are deeply rooted in their regions;the paper therefore argues that they deserve specific attention along the lines of other efforts to maintain and develop autochthonous varieties. Finally, the introduction summarises the papers which focus on Scots in Scotland, Low German in Germany, Cs & aacute;ngo in Romania, Silesian, Masurian, and Kashubian in Poland, V & otilde;ro in Estonian, and Latgalian in Latvia, before identifying common denominators of the case studies and possible topics for future research.

关键词： Literacies literacy development regional collateral languages Europe autochthonous minorities language education

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Deciphering Metabolic Alterations Associated with Glioma Grading Using Hyperspectral Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging

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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2025年第14期97卷 7897-7905页

作者： Xin, Le Zheng, Wei Lin, Kan Lin, Shulang Huang, Zhiwei Natl Univ Singapore Coll Design & Engn Dept Biomed Engn Opt Bioimaging Lab Singapore 117576 Singapore Natl Univ Singapore Suzhou Res Inst Suzhou 215123 Jiangsu Peoples R China Natl Univ Singapore NUS Grad Sch Integrat Sci & Engn Programme ISEP Singapore 119077 Singapore

Metabolic dysregulation is a critical feature of various cancers, including brain tumors. Studying metabolic changes in tumor cells and tissues significantly improves our understanding of tumor development, progression, and treatment response. In this study, we utilize hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging combined with biochemical spectral modeling to identify unique histological and molecular signatures linked to metabolic diversity across different glioma grades, without the need for labeling. By employing rapid label-free SRS histopathology and multivariate curve resolution analysis, we uncover changes in lipid profiles and varying levels of neuron demyelination from low-grade (LG) to high-grade (HG) gliomas. Quantitative analysis of key metabolites using non-negative least-squares regression spectral modeling reveals a significant increase in cellular proteins, DNA, and cholesterol levels, alongside a reduced redox ratio (flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)/NADH) in the glioblastoma (GBM, grade IV) tissue compared to pilocytic astrocytoma (PA, grade I) and healthy brain tissues, indicating a shift toward a pro-malignant metabolic state. A neural network diagnostic classifier, trained on 4547 SRS spectra (healthy: 1263;LG: 815;HG: 2469) from 45 patients with PA and GBM, achieves 99.6% accuracy in detecting and grading brain tumors. This study highlights the potential of hyperspectral SRS imaging for rapid, label-free, and spatially resolved analysis of metabolic heterogeneity in human gliomas, paving the way for metabolome-targeted therapeutic strategies in precision brain tumor treatment.

关键词： Stimulated Raman scattering

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Sol-gel treated pulp and accelerated carbonation curing: A novel approach for high-performance bamboo fibre cement composites

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CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS 2025年 458卷

作者： Fioroni, Carlos Alexandre Kadivar, Marzieh Amaral, Leo Maia do Ezugwu, Emeka Kingsley Calabria-Holley, Juliana Savastano, Holmer Univ Sao Paulo Res Ctr Mat Biosyst Dept Biosyst Engn Mat Sci & Engn Grad Programme Ave Duque Caxias Norte 225 BR-13635900 Pirassununga SP Brazil Univ Bath Ctr Regenerat Design & Engn Net Posit World RENEW Dept Architecture & Civil Engn Bath BA2 7AY England

This is a pioneering work on stabilising the dimensional variations of fibre cement composites reinforced with natural plant fibres. Organosolv bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) pulp and commercial pine (Pinus taeda) pulp were treated with sol-gel (based on tetraethyl orthosilicate and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane silanes) and used as reinforcement in an inorganic fibre cement matrices. The fibre cement composites containing 77.2 % Portland cement and 12.8 % limestone were reinforced with 10% (w/w) of the sol-gel treated or non-treated pulps, subjected to accelerated carbonation, and thermally cured at early ages. The physical-mechanical performance and dimensional stability of these fibre cement composites reinforced with the treated and non-treated pulps were evaluated and compared with their non-carbonated fibre cement counterparts. The physical-mechanical results of non-carbonated composites showed no statistically significant difference between the formulations reinforced with bamboo and commercial pine pulps. Although the sol-gel treatment of the pulp decreased the composite's strength by up to 32 % (to 7.44 MPa), the dimensional stability was improved by up to 50%, emphasising the better stability of fibre cement reinforced with sol-gel-treated bamboo pulp of 0.9 mm/m shrinkage. The carbonated and thermally cured fibre cement reinforced with sol-gel-treated bamboo pulp reached a modulus of rupture of 13.80 MPa. In comparison, the specimens reinforced with sol-gel-treated pine pulp presented 9.54 MPa. The sol-gel treatment applied to the pulp and the accelerated carbonation efficiently improved the dimensional stability of the fibre cement composites with an acceptable decrease in mechanical performance. Most importantly, the fibre cement cured with accelerated carbonation was capable of capturing CO2 at its early age, mitigating the carbon footprint in the production chain.

关键词： Bamboo pulp Pine pulp Organosolv process Sol-gel-technology Dimensional stability Accelerated carbonation

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Evaluation and future projection of compound extreme events in China using CMIP6 models

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CLIMATIC CHANGE 2025年第2期178卷 1-24页

作者： Liu, Yuxin Fang, Jian Mu, Sha Zhang, Yihan Wang, Xiaoli Lyu, Lili Cent China Normal Univ Key Lab Geog Proc Anal & Simulat Wuhan 430079 Hubei Peoples R China Cent China Normal Univ Coll Urban & Environm Sci Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China CMA Inst Dev & Programme Design CMA Key Open Lab Transforming Climate Resources Ec Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

In the context of global warming, the frequency and intensity of extreme temperature and precipitation events are increasing. Under this scenario, an increase in compound extreme events would pose a greater risk to human society and ecosystem. However, the modelling and future projection of various types of compound events remain a great challenge. Therefore, in this study, we first evaluate the simulation performance of CMIP6 climate models for six types of compound extreme event in China in terms of spatial distribution, interannual variability and interdependence during the historical period. Based on this performance evaluation, we select the 6 best models, which are then utilized to project future changes of compound events under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios for the next three time periods (2015-2043, 2044-2071, and 2072-2100). The results are as follows: (1) The performance of GCMs in the simulation of extreme temperature indices is better than that for extreme precipitation indices, and positive biases exist in extreme precipitation indices for most models. (2) In the historical period, the consistency between the simulation and observation of compound extreme events show large heterogeneity for different models and different events. (3) The frequency percentage and spatial extent of compound extreme events associated with warm extremes will increase in the future, while compound extreme events associated with cold extremes, except for SP&Tn10, will show a decreasing trend. (4) Spatially, the Pr90&Tx90, Hot&Dry and Cold&Dry in the southern region will increase significantly. In the Tibetan Plateau, except for Pr90&Tn10, all other compound extreme events will have a large increase. In Northeast and North China, SP&Tx90 and Pr90&Tx90 are projected to increase. The results from this study underline how the evaluation and the future projection of compound extreme events have the potential to improve the understanding of climate model uncertainty

关键词： Compound extreme events CMIP6 Performance evaluation Future projection China

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Engineering design for Aircraft-Based Observations of Typhoons

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Strategic Study of CAE 2025年第2期27卷 86-94页

作者： Wei, Zhai Chuanhai, Qian Hao, Wu Peitao, Zhao Shuo, Fu Yuedong, Wang Zechun, Li Institute for Development and Programme Design China Meteorological Administration Beijing100081 China Meteorological Observation Centre China Meteorological Administration Beijing100081 China National Meteorological Centre Beijing100081 China

Typhoon is the most important disaster-causing weather system in the southeast coastal area of China during summer and autumn. Using aircraft as a mobile observation platform for direct observation of typhoons can obtain critical information about typhoons’ environmental fields and their core structures, thus improving the accuracy of typhoon forecasts and warnings, as well as the effectiveness of disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on the typhoon observation practices using aircraft in China and abroad, this study proposes key considerations regarding the engineering design for aircraft-based observations of typhoons, encompassing aircraft selection, construction of support bases, airborne detection equipment, flight route planning, observation data transmission, and data application and evaluation. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed for establishing typhoon observation operations using aircraft in China: (1) building a professional typhoon observation command center, (2) promoting typhoon observation operations that combine manned aircraft with unmanned aerial vehicles, (3) conducting typhoon observation experiments with multi-platform coordination, (4) increasing stable support for aircraft-based typhoon observation projects, and (5) initiating an international major scientific program in the field of aircraft-based observations of typhoons. © 2025 Beijing Zhongguo Gongcheng Kexue Zazhishe. All rights reserved.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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