This study quantified the regional damages resulting from temperature and sea level changes using the Regional Integrated of Climate and Economy(RICE)model,as well as the effects of enabling and disabling the climate ...
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This study quantified the regional damages resulting from temperature and sea level changes using the Regional Integrated of Climate and Economy(RICE)model,as well as the effects of enabling and disabling the climate impact module on future emission *** highlight varied damages depending on regional economic development and ***,China and Africa could suffer the most serious comprehensive damages caused by temperature change and sea level rise,followed by India,other developing Asian countries(OthAsia),and other high-income countries(OHI).The comprehensive damage fractions for China and Africa are projected to be 15.1%and 12.5%of gross domestic product(GDP)in 2195,with corresponding cumulative damages of 124.0 trillion and 87.3 trillion United States dollars(USD)from 2005 to 2195,***,the comprehensive damage fractions in Japan,Eurasia,and Russia are smaller and projected to be lower than 5.6%of GDP in 2195,with cumulative damages of 6.8 trillion,4.2 trillion,and 3.3 trillion USD,***,coastal regions like Africa,the European Union(EU),and OHI show comparable damages for sea level rise and temperature *** China,however,sea level-induced damages are projected to exceed those from temperature ***,this study indicates that switching the damage modules on or off affects the regional and global emission trajectories,but the magnitude is relatively *** 2195,global emissions under the experiments with all of the damage modules switched off,only the sea level damage module switched on,and only the temperature damage module switched on,were 3.5%,2.3%and 1.2%higher than those with all of the damage modules switched on,respectively.
Through the lens of the exhibition "Out of Place" (OOP), this paper investigates the commonalities between textile practices in the post-industrial cities of Manchester, UK and Hangzhou, China. By considerin...
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Through the lens of the exhibition "Out of Place" (OOP), this paper investigates the commonalities between textile practices in the post-industrial cities of Manchester, UK and Hangzhou, China. By considering works that may exist on the periphery of textile practice, questions are raised concerning the shifting notion of textiles, particularly in regions that have deep textile histories. Through the reflections of Kate Egan, who curated the exhibition, and drawing upon the research of the fellow authors and their situatedness in Manchester, this article explores the notion of a virtual space in relation to the methods of communication employed throughout the Manchester-Hangzhou collaboration. Virtual space is presented here as an environment in which "textile narratives" take shape within and across different sites, examining contemporary methods of communication, collaboration and curation. Connecting Manchester and Hangzhou with this virtual space, the article expands the dialogue between artists at Manchester School of Art and China Academy of Art by reflecting on a common language of textiles and our contemporary manifestations of material culture.
After independence, the National Museum of India was founded as an institution and a ceremonial space of the new nation where the Indian citizens can witness an ideal representation of the historic evolution of Indian...
The findings of this study propose a precedent-based method to employ category-based reasoning to design artefacts for acceptability as well as novelty. This is an effort to dissociate the context dependency of partic...
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The findings of this study propose a precedent-based method to employ category-based reasoning to design artefacts for acceptability as well as novelty. This is an effort to dissociate the context dependency of particular design cases grounded in the cultural ecosystem from local decisions into generalized reasonings derived from category members, ranging from unique to fuzzy. The attempt is to reconstruct relevant operational types of design reasoning from preceding vernacular design episodes to infer problem-solving techniques employed by designers. Generative category-based reasoning using transformational analogy to transfer design reasoning from precedents of the same or different categories of the problem at hand is adopted. These are concrete comparisons of vernacular designs invited by experiential juxtapositions that have not achieved an abstract rule-like regularity due to their tacit roots. However, they are guidelines, indicative of both the process and the method employed in category-based reasoning for designerly problem-solving.
The suction capabilities of octopuses' arms are an evolutionary marvel in surface adhesion that have long fascinated scientists and engineers in soft robotics. In this study, we report the design and the fabricati...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350332223
The suction capabilities of octopuses' arms are an evolutionary marvel in surface adhesion that have long fascinated scientists and engineers in soft robotics. In this study, we report the design and the fabrication of a pad inspired by the suckers of the octopus O. vulgaris. The pad houses several pores connected to a vacuum system on one end and covered by a soft membrane on the other end. The membrane is used as an interface between the pad and payloads. Vacuum actuation strains the membrane resulting in a secondary passive vacuum space between the pad and a payload. Material composition and geometric parameters of the pad were first optimized using finite element analysis to maximize both conformability to rough surfaces and adhesion force. The optimized pad exhibited a 73% enhancement in adhesion force compared to a traditional pad, with the ability to adhere strongly to objects with smooth, rough, or wet surfaces, even with a small initial contact area. Finally, the pad was tested in a single joint soft finger mounted on a small gripper to showcase basic gripping capabilities on a wide range of objects.
In the context of global warming, the frequency and intensity of extreme temperature and precipitation events are increasing. Under this scenario, an increase in compound extreme events would pose a greater risk to hu...
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In the context of global warming, the frequency and intensity of extreme temperature and precipitation events are increasing. Under this scenario, an increase in compound extreme events would pose a greater risk to human society and ecosystem. However, the modelling and future projection of various types of compound events remain a great challenge. Therefore, in this study, we first evaluate the simulation performance of CMIP6 climate models for six types of compound extreme event in China in terms of spatial distribution, interannual variability and interdependence during the historical period. Based on this performance evaluation, we select the 6 best models, which are then utilized to project future changes of compound events under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios for the next three time periods (2015-2043, 2044-2071, and 2072-2100). The results are as follows: (1) The performance of GCMs in the simulation of extreme temperature indices is better than that for extreme precipitation indices, and positive biases exist in extreme precipitation indices for most models. (2) In the historical period, the consistency between the simulation and observation of compound extreme events show large heterogeneity for different models and different events. (3) The frequency percentage and spatial extent of compound extreme events associated with warm extremes will increase in the future, while compound extreme events associated with cold extremes, except for SP&Tn10, will show a decreasing trend. (4) Spatially, the Pr90&Tx90, Hot&Dry and Cold&Dry in the southern region will increase significantly. In the Tibetan Plateau, except for Pr90&Tn10, all other compound extreme events will have a large increase. In Northeast and North China, SP&Tx90 and Pr90&Tx90 are projected to increase. The results from this study underline how the evaluation and the future projection of compound extreme events have the potential to improve the understanding of climate model uncertainty
Even while immersive audio applications in consumer gadgets are flourishing, there are no empirical measurement tools available for measuring the Overall Listening Experience (OLE) of immersive audio. This work aims a...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781728197661
Even while immersive audio applications in consumer gadgets are flourishing, there are no empirical measurement tools available for measuring the Overall Listening Experience (OLE) of immersive audio. This work aims at developing a subjective method to evaluate immersive experience using questionnaire- Overall Immersive Audio eXperience (OIAX) and compare immersive spatial audio with stereo. The questionnaire measures six subscales of immersive audio attributes - Presence, Immersion, Emotion, Clarity, Depth and Readability. The tool provides the firsthand experience of immersive audio products with good reliability. It is handy for designers to create attractive virtual auditory scenes integral to consumer multimedia products.
In this study, a maternal healthcare illustration book to convey the message and create awareness on key maternal and child health problems to semiliterate rural pregnant women was developed and evaluated. Appropriate...
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Soft robotics is an exciting new field of robotics that replaces stiff components with soft materials and actuators, making it an ideal way to design robotic companions. Robotic companions are becoming common and can ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9798350332223
Soft robotics is an exciting new field of robotics that replaces stiff components with soft materials and actuators, making it an ideal way to design robotic companions. Robotic companions are becoming common and can be helpful in treating patients with dementia by providing comfort, a sense of companionship, and promoting a healthier lifestyle. This work presents a soft robotic companion that uses acupuncture and acupressure principles to facilitate relaxation to its users. Inspired by the hedgehog, the robot provides a unique interaction mode and uses a functional quill array to stimulate pressure points.
Variable font is the newest font file specification that was born to adapt to the digital media environment-as almost all design products today developed toward a screen-based and responsive nature to conform to the f...
Variable font is the newest font file specification that was born to adapt to the digital media environment-as almost all design products today developed toward a screen-based and responsive nature to conform to the fast-changing technology. The variable font is addressed to opens many flexibilities in the design of the typeface. However, the research on this subject is still very limited. It is regrettable since the possibilities are wide open, and the variable font itself is the future of the type design industry. One of the main aspects of variable font is the shape interpolation feature which enables shape morphing in a single font file. In this research, there will be an experiment to design a variable font with two contrasting characteristics, which are geometric and organic. It is meant to test the flexibility in the shape interpolation feature and to examine the process of shape morphing. At the end of the research, it is known that the adjustments of the master, instances, and axes play a crucial part in the design process of a variable font. The main finding of the research is the number of the master is the key to producing a smooth morphing shape. All in all, the two extreme characters such as geometric and organic shapes are possible to be combined well in a single font file, resulting in a fluid geometric shape. In this research, it is proven that variable font is revolutionary in terms of giving designers to flexibility to add value to their design and shows that a fluid geometric typeface can exist.
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