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Regional Climate Damage Quantification and Its Impacts on Future Emission Pathways Using the RICE Model

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第9期41卷 1843-1852页

作者： Shili YANG Wenjie DONG Jieming CHOU Yong ZHANG Weixing ZHAO Beijing Meteorological Observation Centre Beijing Meteorological BureauBeijing 100089China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhuhai 519082China Beijing Normal University Beijing 100101China CMA Institute for Development and Programme Design Beijing 100081China

This study quantified the regional damages resulting from temperature and sea level changes using the Regional Integrated of Climate and Economy(RICE)model,as well as the effects of enabling and disabling the climate impact module on future emission *** highlight varied damages depending on regional economic development and ***,China and Africa could suffer the most serious comprehensive damages caused by temperature change and sea level rise,followed by India,other developing Asian countries(OthAsia),and other high-income countries(OHI).The comprehensive damage fractions for China and Africa are projected to be 15.1%and 12.5%of gross domestic product(GDP)in 2195,with corresponding cumulative damages of 124.0 trillion and 87.3 trillion United States dollars(USD)from 2005 to 2195,***,the comprehensive damage fractions in Japan,Eurasia,and Russia are smaller and projected to be lower than 5.6%of GDP in 2195,with cumulative damages of 6.8 trillion,4.2 trillion,and 3.3 trillion USD,***,coastal regions like Africa,the European Union(EU),and OHI show comparable damages for sea level rise and temperature *** China,however,sea level-induced damages are projected to exceed those from temperature ***,this study indicates that switching the damage modules on or off affects the regional and global emission trajectories,but the magnitude is relatively *** 2195,global emissions under the experiments with all of the damage modules switched off,only the sea level damage module switched on,and only the temperature damage module switched on,were 3.5%,2.3%and 1.2%higher than those with all of the damage modules switched on,respectively.

关键词： climate damage integrated assessment model carbon emissions sea level rise temperature change

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"Out of Place": Cross-Cultural Collaboration and Virtual Space

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TEXTILE-CLOTH AND CULTURE 2024年第3期22卷 534-546页

作者： Egan, Kate Turner-Pemberton, Bethany Potter, Gemma Manchester Metropolitan Univ Text Practice programme Manchester England Manchester Metropolitan Univ Vert Gallery Manchester England Manchester Sch Art Manchester England Manchester Sch Art working Design Craft Res Grp Manchester England

Through the lens of the exhibition "Out of Place" (OOP), this paper investigates the commonalities between textile practices in the post-industrial cities of Manchester, UK and Hangzhou, China. By considering works that may exist on the periphery of textile practice, questions are raised concerning the shifting notion of textiles, particularly in regions that have deep textile histories. Through the reflections of Kate Egan, who curated the exhibition, and drawing upon the research of the fellow authors and their situatedness in Manchester, this article explores the notion of a virtual space in relation to the methods of communication employed throughout the Manchester-Hangzhou collaboration. Virtual space is presented here as an environment in which "textile narratives" take shape within and across different sites, examining contemporary methods of communication, collaboration and curation. Connecting Manchester and Hangzhou with this virtual space, the article expands the dialogue between artists at Manchester School of Art and China Academy of Art by reflecting on a common language of textiles and our contemporary manifestations of material culture.

关键词： Cross-cultural virtual space textiles digital manchester hangzhou china

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A Discussion on Nation’s Art Through Curatorial design in National Museum of India 9th

A Discussion on Nation’s Art Through Curatorial Design in N...

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9th International Conference on Research into design, ICoRD 2023

作者： Mondal, Pronita Bhowmik, Ritwij Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur India Department of Humanities and Social Sciences and Design Programme Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819904273

After independence, the National Museum of India was founded as an institution and a ceremonial space of the new nation where the Indian citizens can witness an ideal representation of the historic evolution of Indian civilization and art. Unlike the previous colonial institutions which represent an intellectual domain of the colony, with the intervention of the new nationalist government, with exhibition, strategic display design and the framing narrative, a shift in significance was made. This paper will discuss how the display of art and archaeological objects from India in National Museum of India is majorly a selection of early and mediaeval stone sculptures and paintings. Through this prioritization of certain materials, forms and genres among a large number and variety of objects of art, craft and culture, this representative exhibition has advertised the authority and importance of the art establishment of India and focused predominantly on celebrated notions of history and heritage of India. This paper will attempt to generate a central problem—in the visual reconstruction of India, how the national museum has curated a controlled image of the state designed towards making an international as well as a contemporary profile of historic ‘Indian art’ through its exhibition practices. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.

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design precedents to design innovation: Category-based reasoning in problem-solving

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design JOURNAL 2022年第1期25卷 62-85页

作者： Patil, Koumudi Athavankar, Uday Indian Inst Technol Kanpur HSS & Design Programme Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India Indian Inst Technol Powai Mumbai Maharashtra India

The findings of this study propose a precedent-based method to employ category-based reasoning to design artefacts for acceptability as well as novelty. This is an effort to dissociate the context dependency of particular design cases grounded in the cultural ecosystem from local decisions into generalized reasonings derived from category members, ranging from unique to fuzzy. The attempt is to reconstruct relevant operational types of design reasoning from preceding vernacular design episodes to infer problem-solving techniques employed by designers. Generative category-based reasoning using transformational analogy to transfer design reasoning from precedents of the same or different categories of the problem at hand is adopted. These are concrete comparisons of vernacular designs invited by experiential juxtapositions that have not achieved an abstract rule-like regularity due to their tacit roots. However, they are guidelines, indicative of both the process and the method employed in category-based reasoning for designerly problem-solving.

关键词： Precedent-based design category-based reasoning transformational analogy

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Passive Suction Enhanced Adhesion Pads for Soft Grippers

Passive Suction Enhanced Adhesion Pads for Soft Grippers

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IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft)

作者： Chooi, A. Calais, T. Dontu, S. Jain, S. Ugalde, A. Castillo Hiramandala, G. Kanhere, E. Stalin, T. Valdivia y Alvarado, P. Singapore Univ Technol & Design Digital Mfg & Design Ctr 8 Somapah Rd Singapore 487372 Singapore Singapore Univ Technol & Design Engn & Prod Dev Pillar 8 Somapah Rd Singapore 487372 Singapore Singapore HUJ Alliance Res & Enterprise SHARE Smart Grippers Soft Robot SGSR Programme Campus Res Excellence & Technol Enterprise CREATE Singapore 138602 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350332223

The suction capabilities of octopuses' arms are an evolutionary marvel in surface adhesion that have long fascinated scientists and engineers in soft robotics. In this study, we report the design and the fabrication of a pad inspired by the suckers of the octopus O. vulgaris. The pad houses several pores connected to a vacuum system on one end and covered by a soft membrane on the other end. The membrane is used as an interface between the pad and payloads. Vacuum actuation strains the membrane resulting in a secondary passive vacuum space between the pad and a payload. Material composition and geometric parameters of the pad were first optimized using finite element analysis to maximize both conformability to rough surfaces and adhesion force. The optimized pad exhibited a 73% enhancement in adhesion force compared to a traditional pad, with the ability to adhere strongly to objects with smooth, rough, or wet surfaces, even with a small initial contact area. Finally, the pad was tested in a single joint soft finger mounted on a small gripper to showcase basic gripping capabilities on a wide range of objects.

关键词： Grippers

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Evaluation and future projection of compound extreme events in China using CMIP6 models

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CLIMATIC CHANGE 2025年第2期178卷 1-24页

作者： Liu, Yuxin Fang, Jian Mu, Sha Zhang, Yihan Wang, Xiaoli Lyu, Lili Cent China Normal Univ Key Lab Geog Proc Anal & Simulat Wuhan 430079 Hubei Peoples R China Cent China Normal Univ Coll Urban & Environm Sci Wuhan 430079 Peoples R China CMA Inst Dev & Programme Design CMA Key Open Lab Transforming Climate Resources Ec Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

In the context of global warming, the frequency and intensity of extreme temperature and precipitation events are increasing. Under this scenario, an increase in compound extreme events would pose a greater risk to human society and ecosystem. However, the modelling and future projection of various types of compound events remain a great challenge. Therefore, in this study, we first evaluate the simulation performance of CMIP6 climate models for six types of compound extreme event in China in terms of spatial distribution, interannual variability and interdependence during the historical period. Based on this performance evaluation, we select the 6 best models, which are then utilized to project future changes of compound events under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios for the next three time periods (2015-2043, 2044-2071, and 2072-2100). The results are as follows: (1) The performance of GCMs in the simulation of extreme temperature indices is better than that for extreme precipitation indices, and positive biases exist in extreme precipitation indices for most models. (2) In the historical period, the consistency between the simulation and observation of compound extreme events show large heterogeneity for different models and different events. (3) The frequency percentage and spatial extent of compound extreme events associated with warm extremes will increase in the future, while compound extreme events associated with cold extremes, except for SP&Tn10, will show a decreasing trend. (4) Spatially, the Pr90&Tx90, Hot&Dry and Cold&Dry in the southern region will increase significantly. In the Tibetan Plateau, except for Pr90&Tn10, all other compound extreme events will have a large increase. In Northeast and North China, SP&Tx90 and Pr90&Tx90 are projected to increase. The results from this study underline how the evaluation and the future projection of compound extreme events have the potential to improve the understanding of climate model uncertainty

关键词： Compound extreme events CMIP6 Performance evaluation Future projection China

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An Empirical Measurement Tool for Overall Listening Experience of Immersive Audio

An Empirical Measurement Tool for Overall Listening Experien...

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IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE)

作者： Kailas, Ganesh Tiwari, Nachiketa Indian Inst Technol Kanpur Design Programme Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India

ISBN: (纸本)9781728197661

Even while immersive audio applications in consumer gadgets are flourishing, there are no empirical measurement tools available for measuring the Overall Listening Experience (OLE) of immersive audio. This work aims at developing a subjective method to evaluate immersive experience using questionnaire- Overall Immersive Audio eXperience (OIAX) and compare immersive spatial audio with stereo. The questionnaire measures six subscales of immersive audio attributes - Presence, Immersion, Emotion, Clarity, Depth and Readability. The tool provides the firsthand experience of immersive audio products with good reliability. It is handy for designers to create attractive virtual auditory scenes integral to consumer multimedia products.

关键词： immersive audio overall listening experience virtual reality

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A Study on design of an Illustrated Book for Communicating Maternal and Child Health to Semiliterate Rural Women of Kanpur, India 8th

A Study on Design of an Illustrated Book for Communicating M...

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8th International Conference on Research into design, ICoRD 2021

作者： Kumar, Rohit Roy, Shatarupa Thakurta Design Programme Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur India

ISBN: (纸本)9789811600838

In this study, a maternal healthcare illustration book to convey the message and create awareness on key maternal and child health problems to semiliterate rural pregnant women was developed and evaluated. Appropriate maternal and child healthcare information was collected, segregated, and conceptualized for the book design. The book design process included initial pencil sketches followed by refinement and digital rendering of visuals with color on photoshop software. Finally, adding text messages to support visuals. The evaluation experiment consisted of a literacy test (S-TOFHLA) and comprehension test on one hundred and six rural pregnant women, performed with ASHA’s assistance (Accredited social health activist). The study was conducted at two rural health centers in Kanpur, India, followed by pretest and post-test on two groups, one control and one experimental. Participants were chosen randomly under control and experimental group, 53 pregnant women to each group. Pregnant women in the intervention group received maternal and child health illustration books as a visual information aid. A comparison result showed that pregnant women in the experimental group received a significantly higher score than the control group in terms of comprehension of messages and compliance. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： design

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design and Additive Manufacturing of a Hedgehog-Inspired Soft Robot Companion

Design and Additive Manufacturing of a Hedgehog-Inspired Sof...

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IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics (RoboSoft)

作者： Hiramandala, G. Calais, T. Stalin, T. Chooi, A. Mathai, A. R. Plamootil Jain, S. Kanhere, Elgar Vikram Valdivia y Alvarado, P. Singapore Univ Technol & Design Digital Mfg & Design Ctr 8 Somapah Rd Singapore 487372 Singapore Singapore Univ Technol & Design Engn & Product Dev Pillar 8 Somapah Rd Singapore 487372 Singapore Singapore HUJ Alliance Res & Enterprise SHARE Smart Grippers Soft Robot SGSR Programme Campus Res Excellence & Technol Enterprise CREATE Singapore 138602 Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9798350332223

Soft robotics is an exciting new field of robotics that replaces stiff components with soft materials and actuators, making it an ideal way to design robotic companions. Robotic companions are becoming common and can be helpful in treating patients with dementia by providing comfort, a sense of companionship, and promoting a healthier lifestyle. This work presents a soft robotic companion that uses acupuncture and acupressure principles to facilitate relaxation to its users. Inspired by the hedgehog, the robot provides a unique interaction mode and uses a functional quill array to stimulate pressure points.

关键词： Robotics

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Fluid Geometric: An Experimentation of designing Flexible Multi-Style Typeface Using Variable Font

Fluid Geometric: An Experimentation of Designing Flexible Mu...

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International Conference on Computing, Engineering, and design (ICCED)

作者： Annisa Luthfiasari Citra Fadillah Ferri Gunawan New Media Programme Visual Communication Design Department School of Design Bina Nusantara University Jakarta Indonesia

Variable font is the newest font file specification that was born to adapt to the digital media environment-as almost all design products today developed toward a screen-based and responsive nature to conform to the fast-changing technology. The variable font is addressed to opens many flexibilities in the design of the typeface. However, the research on this subject is still very limited. It is regrettable since the possibilities are wide open, and the variable font itself is the future of the type design industry. One of the main aspects of variable font is the shape interpolation feature which enables shape morphing in a single font file. In this research, there will be an experiment to design a variable font with two contrasting characteristics, which are geometric and organic. It is meant to test the flexibility in the shape interpolation feature and to examine the process of shape morphing. At the end of the research, it is known that the adjustments of the master, instances, and axes play a crucial part in the design process of a variable font. The main finding of the research is the number of the master is the key to producing a smooth morphing shape. All in all, the two extreme characters such as geometric and organic shapes are possible to be combined well in a single font file, resulting in a fluid geometric shape. In this research, it is proven that variable font is revolutionary in terms of giving designers to flexibility to add value to their design and shows that a fluid geometric typeface can exist.

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