Virtual reconstruction is defined as the visual recovery of a building or object through the creation of a three-dimensional model of the asset to be reconstructed, in a historical context. To provide the degree of ve...
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Virtual reconstruction is defined as the visual recovery of a building or object through the creation of a three-dimensional model of the asset to be reconstructed, in a historical context. To provide the degree of veracity to the virtual reconstructions performed in the scope of heritage, the so-called historical-archaeological evidence scale emerged. Some authors have already used this methodology to provide their reconstructions with the degree of evidence, although none of the current propositions of evidence scales have been standardised to date. Moreover, it is still important to disseminate such scales as much as possible, since it has been shown that neither experts in this field of knowledge nor common users know about this methodology. The aim of this study was to design and create a new proposition of historical-archaeological evidence scale based on the achromatism and implement it in the 'Baker's House' at the archaeological site of Torreparedones (Baena, Cordoba, Spain). To carry out this investigation, it was essential to compare and analyse each proposition of historical-archaeological evidence scale. The qualitative and quantitative studies about the existing scale propositions also played a fundamental role in the realisation of this work. These results, in addition to the chromatic study, support the creation of a new proposition of historical-archaeological evidence scale, designed for any type of viewer. Each phase of the study met the quality standards established for this type of research.
The building sector remains a major contributor to increasing energy consumption and emissions. Meanwhile, the energy system is becoming more complex due to the transition to clean energy sources. Current tools and po...
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The building sector remains a major contributor to increasing energy consumption and emissions. Meanwhile, the energy system is becoming more complex due to the transition to clean energy sources. Current tools and policies struggle to manage this complexity, as the existing infrastructure was not designed for such large dynamic distributed energy resources. This creates an urgent need to adopt emerging technologies for enhancing building energy management systems. The objective of this research is to develop a framework that integrates Blockchain and Digital Twin technologies to provide an efficient and trusted energy management platform that supports smart cities communities and to effectively contribute to enhancing the progress of UN Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG11 and SDG13. The proposed framework comprises four main elements: Blockchain platform, Digital Twin platform, Application program Interfaces (APIs), and Building Energy Model. Blockchain platform automates energy billing by utilizing digital currency and smart contracts with preset pricing tiers and feed in tariffs. Digital Twin platform provides interactive communication and visualization with physical assets. APIs enables seamless interconnectivity between both platforms. The Building Energy Model acts as a prediction tool, and the simulation results are fed to Digital Twin platform to alert system participants in case actual consumption deviates from optimum values. The viability of the proposed framework is demonstrated using a case study of a residential apartment.
Emergency evacuation planning is a vital problem that affects building occupants' safety. The commonly used static evacuation plans rely on static signs disregarding crowd density changes. Such static plans often ...
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Emergency evacuation planning is a vital problem that affects building occupants' safety. The commonly used static evacuation plans rely on static signs disregarding crowd density changes. Such static plans often lead to congestion at emergency exits;since many occupants tend to avoid following exit signs as they feel safer following the crowds exiting the building or following other paths familiar to them. This paper proposes a smart and adaptable evacuation system that predicts congestion and adapts accordingly to minimize evacuation time. We introduce a simulation model that mimics occupants' movement in different building layouts. The proposed system performs Monte Carlo simulations to forecast possible congestion locations and guide occupants away from them. Guiding directions are displayed and updated to consider dynamic environment changes. We evaluated our approach compared to a greedy evacuation method that relies on static exit signs, showing a significant evacuation time improvement of 21% achieved on average by our approach.
Construction cost forecasting is vital for tendering processes, enabling the evaluation of bidding offers to maximize revenues and avoid losses. In recent years, the automation of this forecasting process has gained a...
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Construction cost forecasting is vital for tendering processes, enabling the evaluation of bidding offers to maximize revenues and avoid losses. In recent years, the automation of this forecasting process has gained attention due to the limitations of traditional approaches that rely on human experts, which can lead to subjective judgments. This paper introduces an ensemble learning decision-support framework that combines regression random forests and gradient-boosting regression trees through regression voting to automate cost estimation for residential and commercial projects. Evaluation of this approach using the dataset from San Francisco's building inspection department in the United States demonstrated significant performance improvements over support vector regression. This paper highlights the importance of automating construction cost forecasting with artificial intelligence techniques for construction companies and is expected to encourage companies and building inspection departments worldwide to publish more datasets for the application of advanced deep learning models.
The Seville Principles gather in their definitions the 3D representation of heritage assets in their context, that is, elements such as the surroundings and landscape, for both virtual reconstructions and virtual recr...
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The Seville Principles gather in their definitions the 3D representation of heritage assets in their context, that is, elements such as the surroundings and landscape, for both virtual reconstructions and virtual recreations. Currently, there are few virtual reconstructions that implement the historical-archaeological evidence scale to show the veracity of the work that has been carried out. Moreover, none of the existing propositions of historical-archaeological evidence scales consider the veracity of the represented terrain. Authors assign a neutral colour to the terrain, different from those applied to the evidence levels, in order to differentiate the former from the latter. The present study proposes the development of a methodology to implement a resolution scale that graphically represents, interprets and evaluates the setting of the terrain associated with virtual reconstructions. To this end, a literature review was conducted on the existing methodologies for the creation of Digital Terrain Models (DTM). The evaluation of the analysed information was key for the selection of the resolution levels, which was followed by the selection of the colours associated with each resolution level, taking into account the subjective connotations of colours. & COPY;2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS on behalf of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR). This is an open access article under the CC BY license ( http://***/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Over the years, the methodologies used for graphic representation in archaeology have evolved. The substantial change in representation was achieved with the use of computer software. Currently, 3D sketch scanning and...
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Over the years, the methodologies used for graphic representation in archaeology have evolved. The substantial change in representation was achieved with the use of computer software. Currently, 3D sketch scanning and photogrammetry are predominating tools used in this field. A new methodology, i.e., the use of the historical-archaeological evidence level scale, has entered this discipline to show the veracity of archaeological studies, as well as that of the vestiges found. The present study is focused on the virtual reconstruction of the 'Baker's House' in the archaeological site of Torreparedones (Cordoba, Spain). The main aim of this study was to show and identify the veracity of the obtained reconstruction, through the use of the historical-archaeological evidence scale and the elaboration of a typological rank. The methodology used shows the evidence level employed by experts in the creation of virtual representations. The dissemination of the proposed historical-archaeological evidence scale entails the graphical identification of the veracity of reconstructions in this type of representations, always complying with the scientific quality criteria established by the Seville Letter.
At the beginning of the discipline, archaeology as a scientific subject was understood thanks to the archaeological drawing, or what is the same, to the graphic representation of heritage. The use of new technologies ...
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Our study explores the development and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based composite films integrated with clay particles and pomegranate peel extract (PE), aiming to inspire the films with natural...
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Our study explores the development and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based composite films integrated with clay particles and pomegranate peel extract (PE), aiming to inspire the films with natural antimicrobial and antioxidant properties for potential applications in food packaging. We conducted a comprehensive examination of the mechanical, barrier, surface, and degradation properties of these composite films, considering the impacts of incorporating clay particles and PE on their overall performance. Our findings reveal that the inclusion of clay particles enhances the mechanical strength and barrier properties of the films, while PE contributes to antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Namely, after the integration of 3 wt% clay, the tensile strength exhibited a remarkable increase of approximately 300%, accompanied by a notable reduction of 60% in water vapor permeability and 30% in oxygen transmission rate. Furthermore, the integration of PE into CMC films promoted antibacterial activity against 2 g-positive bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Additionally, we conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) to quantify the cradle-to-gate environmental impacts of the developed bio-based active films. When normalized to the functional properties of the films, including mechanical and barrier performance, we observed significant benefits, with reductions of up to 59% after the concurrent incorporation of PE and clay nanosheets. Overall, our study underscores the potential of CMC-based composite films augmented with PE as a promising solution for sustainable food packaging, offering enhanced functionality while reducing environmental impact and increasing food safety.
Nowadays, it is essential to provide 3D digital reconstructions with the highest possible reliability and veracity. Archaeological sites within the framework of the building to be rebuilt are important. The data provi...
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As governments around the world seek to develop and implement co-management practices with Indigenous peoples and local communities, there are many questions about how to foster collaborative and just agreements that ...
As governments around the world seek to develop and implement co-management practices with Indigenous peoples and local communities, there are many questions about how to foster collaborative and just agreements that support self-determination. Despite policy advancements enabling more co-management and shared stewardship within the United States (U.S.), possibilities for co-management are complicated by historical injustices that have hindered Tribal access to ancestral land and cultural practices. We use a multiple case study approach, examining three case studies from the Western U.S. that illustrate challenges facing Tribes and interventions used to improve land management relationships. The first case study focuses on the relationship between the Oglala Sioux Tribe and the U.S. government and highlights that historical injustices continue to affect Tribal land management. The second case study explores the collaborative management of Bears Ears National Monument, showcasing a decolonized approach endorsed by Tribes seeking to reclaim their inherent rights to the land. The third case study examines the Snoqualmie Tribe as an example of a sovereign Tribe embodying the concept of "Land Back." Tribes have utilized strategies, such as co-management, coalition building, and land reacquisition, to maintain control over lands important to their populations. These strategies promote power-sharing, resource distribution, trust-building, and the integration of Indigenous knowledge with Western science. Nonetheless, failure to recognize and account for the weight of broken treaties, discriminatory laws and policies, and the historical trauma caused by these injustices emphasizes the importance of understanding the dynamics surrounding Tribal land management. As government-led land management paradigms around the world shift to consider self-determination of Indigenous nations and communities as a critical piece of improved stewardship, decision makers have many historicall
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