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AEGIS AAW CORRELATOR TRACKER (AACT) EXPERIMENT

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 37-42页

作者： GRANT, CJ The Author:is an assistant group supervisor of the Anti-Air Warfare Systems Engineering Group in the Fleet Systems Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL). He received a B.S. in physics from the University of Maryland in 1978 an M.S. in applied physics and an M.S. in computer science from The Johns Hopkins University in 1982 and 1984 respectively. Since joining JHU/APL in 1978 Mr. Grant has been involved in the development and integration of advanced command support systems and communications in U.S. Navy shipboard combat systems with particular emphasis on the Aegis Combat System. He is currently the lead engineer of the Command Support At Sea Experiment in which an Aegis AAW Correlator/Tracker capability is being developed for shipboard evaluation.

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics laboratory, in continuing development of the Aegis Command and Control capabilities aboard USS Ticonderoga class cruisers and USS Arleigh Burke class destroyers, under the direction of the Aegis Shipbuilding Project (PMS-400), is in the process of developing the Aegis AAW Correlator/Tracker (AACT) to experiment with and evaluate the capability to correlate track and contact data from over-the-horizon (OTH) sources and sensors with the shipboard real-time tactical picture. AACT, which is based on multi-hypothesis correlation algorithms, is intended to be fully automated; requiring little or no operator interaction in spite of ambiguous or conflicting data. Unlike other OTH correlator/tracker designs, the experimental AACT capability is highly integrated with the combat system. It makes maximum use of the shipboard sensor data, such as that provided by the AN/SPY-1 radar, to provide the basis from which to correlate the OTH data in areas of mutual sensor coverage. This approach helps to resolve the traditional conflicts between the tactical picture derived from battle group sensors and that derived from OTH sensors, and provides command the track data in the formats, rates, and timeliness needed to fight the AAW battle. This paper describes the AACT concept, design, and implementation. It addresses the plans for installation of AACT aboard an Aegis cruiser for evaluation of this capability in an operational environment.

关键词： computer Graphics

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computer-system ARCHITECTURE CONCEPTS FOR FUTURE COMBAT systemS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 43-62页

作者： ZITZMAN, LH FALATKO, SM PAPACH, JL Dr. Lewis H. Zitzman:is the group supervisor of the Advanced Systems Design Group Fleet Systems Department The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL). He has been employed at JHU/APL since 1972 performing applied research in computer science and in investigating and applying advanced computer technologies to Navy shipboard systems. He is currently chairman of Aegis Computer Architecture Data Bus and Fiber Optics Working Group from which many concepts for this paper were generated. Dr. Zitzman received his B.S. degree in physics from Brigham Young University in 1963 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the University of Illinois in 1967 and 1972 respectively. Stephen M. Falatko:was a senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated for the majority of this effort. He is currently employed at ManTech Services Corporation. During his eight-year career first at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and currently with ManTech Mr. Falatko's work has centered around the development of requirements and specifications for future Navy systems and the application of advanced technology to Navy command and control systems. He is a member of both the Computer Architecture Fiber Optics and Data Bus Working Group and the Aegis Fiber Optics Working Group. Mr. Falatko received his B.S. degree in aerospace engineering with high distinction from the University of Virginia in 1982 and his M.S. degree in applied physics from The Johns Hopkins University in 1985. Mr. Falatko is a member of Tau Beta Pi Sigma Gamma Tau the American Society of Naval Engineers and the U.S. Naval Institute. Janet L. Papach:is a section leader and senior engineering analyst in the Combat Systems Engineering Department Comptek Research Incorporated. She has ten years' experience as an analyst supporting NavSea Spa War and the U.S. Department of State. She currently participates in working group efforts under Aegis Combat System Doctrin

This paper sets forth computer systems architecture concepts for the combat system of the 2010–2030 timeframe that satisfy the needs of the next generation of surface combatants. It builds upon the current Aegis computer systems architecture, expanding that architecture while preserving, and adhering to, the Aegis fundamental principle of thorough systems engineering, dedicated to maintaining a well integrated, highly reliable, and easily operable combat system. The implementation of these proposed computer systems concepts in a coherent architecture would support the future battle force capable combat system and allow the expansion necessary to accommodate evolutionary changes in both the threat environment and the technology then available to effectively counter that threat. Changes to the current Aegis computer architecture must be carefully and effectively managed such that the fleet will retain its combat readiness capability at all times. This paper describes a possible transition approach for evolving the current Aegis computer architecture to a general architecture for the future. The proposed computer systems architecture concepts encompass the use of combinations of physically distributed, microprocessor-based computers, collocated with the equipment they support or embedded within the equipment itself. They draw heavily on widely used and available industry standards, including instruction set architectures (ISAs), backplane busses, microprocessors, computer programming languages and development environments, and local area networks (LANs). In this proposal, LANs, based on fiber optics, will provide the interconnection to support system expandability, redundancy, and higher data throughput rates. A system of cross connected LANs will support a high level of combat system integration, spanning the major warfare areas, and will facilitate the coordination and development of a coherent multi-warfare tactical picture supporting the future combatant command st

关键词： computer Architecture

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THE COMMAND SUPPORT AT-SEA EXPERIMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 25-36页

作者： BUSCHER, DJ SUNDAY, DM David J. Buscher:is an electrical engineer on the Principal Professional Staff of the Fleet Systems Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He earned his BS degree in electrical engineering from Villanova University in 1967 an MSEE degree from the University of Maryland in 1972 and an MS degree in technical management from The Johns Hopkins University in 1985. He was the lead engineer on the Command Support At-Sea Experiment Project. He started his career in 1967 with the U.S. Army Harry Diamond Laboratory working on computer and communications projects. During this time he worked in Vietnam with the United States Army Vietnam Science Advisor Office. Since joining JHU/APL in 1978 he has worked on a variety of projects associated with computer graphics hospital patient information systems computer networks autonomous underwater vehicles and satellite communications. He is currently assistant group supervisor of the Computer Systems Group. Daniel M. Sunday:is a mathematician on the Principal Professional Staff of the Fleet Systems Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Minnesota in 1971 and did postdoctoral research on neural networks at the University of California at Berkeley. Since joining JHU/APL in 1980 Dr. Sunday has worked as a designer and developer of software systems with emphasis on medical imaging interactive graphics natural language interfaces and software standards. He was the network designer for the Headquarters Integrated Office System (HIOS) Network for the Army at the Pentagon. He is currently the lead software engineer on the Command Support At-Sea Experiment Project.

The Command Support At-Sea Experiment (CS@SE) provides experimental advanced graphics display systems consisting of large screen color displays and operator console color displays in the combat information center (CIC) of an Aegis cruiser and in the tactical flag command center (TFCC) of an aircraft carrier. CS@SE systems are designed to prototype potential command support capabilities in an at-sea environment to validate and refine requirements for planned production system upgrades. These systems use sophisticated color graphics techniques to provide real-time tactical displays that improve the availability of information to an operator by reducing clutter through the use of color, area fill, transparen overlays and intensity coding of track symbols. Interfaces wen developed with the Aegis Display system (ADS), Shipboarc Gridlock system with Auto-correlation (SGS/AC), Flag Dats Display system (FDDS) and Tomahawk Engagement Planning and Exercise Evaluation system (TEPEE) that provided the data for the presentation of a tactical display. Display elements included both real-time and over-the-horizon (OTH) surface track data, velocity leaders, tags, uncertainty ellipses, and history trails. The display also included filled land masses, country boundaries, commercial airways, cities, graphics overlays (i.e., operational areas), weapon system missile performance contours, and engagement plans. This paper describes the experiment, its installation and integration into the shipboard environments of an Aegis cruiser (USS Leyte Gulf ) and an aircraft carrier (USS America , its usage by the ships companies and embarked staffs, and the experiment result! and findings. Key conclusions of the experiment are: 1 Advanced graphics color displays can significantly enhance the ability of the warfighter to assimilate a complex tactical display. 2 Both ships reported a requirement for a correlated OTH and real-time track display with the ability to clearly differentiate the two types

关键词： computer Graphics

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Intermodulation product statistics in multi-carrier radio systems

Intermodulation product statistics in multi-carrier radio sy...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： T. Yang K. Feher Digital Communications Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Coumputer Science University of California Davis CA USA Digital Communications Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Davis CA USA

The authors study the probability distribution function (PDF) and cumulative probability distribution function (CPDF) of the IM (intermodulation) products in several nonlinearly amplified systems by computer simulations and hardware measurements. The statistics of the in-band and out-of-band IM products are found. Particular emphasis is given to the study of the CPDF of out-of-band IM products since it is shown that these can be the major cause of adjacent-channel-interference (ACI). It is demonstrated that the PDF of the out-of-band IM interference is not necessarily Gaussian and that this out-of-band IM noise may lead to more frequent peaks and to higher peaks or crest factors than practical Gaussian noise sources. Thus the BER (bit error rate) will be worse than that in the WGN (white Gaussian noise) case. On the contrary, in the case of in-band IM noise, the BER performance is better than that of the WGN case when C/N (carrier/noise ratio) is high enough.< >

关键词： Statistics Gaussian noise computer simulation Bit error rate digital communication Interference Statistical distributions Hardware Noise measurement Laboratories

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On the effectiveness of a system of RT-level transformations for design-space exploration

On the effectiveness of a system of RT-level transformations...

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Midwest Symposium on Circuits and systems (MWSCAS)

作者： R.R. Vemuri Laboratory for Digital Design Environments Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

A system of elementary structural transformations useful for design space exploration at the register transfer (RT) level is presented. Its effectiveness and expressive power are discussed. It is shown that these elementary transformations can be used to perform a number of optimizations proposed by other researchers. This study also shows that many transformations used in high-level synthesis systems are of a purely structural nature.< >

关键词： Art digital systems Power system modeling Bipartite graph

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Noncoherent detection of pi /4-QPSK systems in a CCI-AWGN combined interference environment

Noncoherent detection of pi /4-QPSK systems in a CCI-AWGN co...

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IEEE Conference on Vehicular Technology (VTC)

作者： C.-L. Liu D.K. Feher Digital Communications Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Davis CA USA

The performance of pi /4-QPSK modems in a cochannel interference (CCI) and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) environment is studied. Three differential detection models are described and modified to improve the BER (bit error rate) performance of the detector: (1) baseband differential detection, (2) IF (intermediate frequency) band differential detection, and (3) FM-discrimination detection. computer simulation results show that, if optimal filter separation is used, the three differential detection schemes can achieve optimal performance for differential detection. The simulation results also show that, for a stationary environment without Rayleigh fading at 15-dB signal-to-interference ratio (CIR), the BER is only 1.3-dB degraded at P/sub e/=10/sup -2/ compared to an AWGN-only environment. If CIR decreases to 9 dB, however, the eye-diagram closes and an error floor of 10/sup -3/ occurs even without noise. The impact of random FM on differential detection is also studied.< >

关键词： Bit error rate Additive white noise AWGN Modems Interchannel interference Radiofrequency interference Detectors Baseband Frequency computer simulation

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Expert system based automatic network fault management system

Expert system based automatic network fault management syste...

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IEEE Annual International computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC)

作者： S.-W. Yeh C. Wu H.-D. Sheng C.-K. Hung R.-C. Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas Austin Austin TX USA Information System Division Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena CA USA

An expert system for network management is designed and prototyped to do network troubleshooting automatically. The expert system employs management information provided by a monitoring mechanism of the network. The whole spectrum of the fault management information is analyzed. The management knowledge derived is categorized into five types: the physical property, the experience in the past, the heuristic rule of thumb, the predictable problems, and the deep knowledge. These knowledge types and related rules are divided into groups to improve reasoning speed. The expert system is composed of a problem manager, a problem analyzer, and many problem solvers. A prototyped expert system, using simulated faults, shows that the expert-system-based fault management system can automatically diagnose problems and take corrective actions.< >

关键词： Expert systems Diagnostic expert systems computer network management Information management Propulsion Laboratories Knowledge management Thumb Computational modeling computer networks

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Parallel-concurrent fault simulation

Parallel-concurrent fault simulation

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IEEE International Conference on computer Design: VLSI in computers and Processors, (ICCD)

作者： D.G. Saab I.N. Hajj J.T. Rahmeh Computer System Group Coordinated Sclence Laboratory University d Illinois Urbana IL USA Department of Elect. and Comp. Engineering University of Texas Austin Austin TX USA

A fault simulation algorithm based on the partitioning of faults into groups, with the group size equal to the number of bits in the host computer word, is presented. The fault effects of a particular group are evaluated using parallel fault simulation techniques and propagated using concurrent fault simulation techniques. The speed of the algorithm depends on the circuit and on the fault-grouping criterion. Three static grouping criteria are examined and compared in terms of speed and memory requirements. A dynamic regrouping technique is developed and is shown to improve the performance of static grouping.< >

关键词： Circuit faults Circuit simulation Computational modeling Circuit testing computer simulation Logic circuits Logic testing Laboratories Ear Concurrent computing

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Simulated hearing loss as a baseline for the assessment of auditory function in cochlearly impaired listeners

Simulated hearing loss as a baseline for the assessment of a...

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Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference

作者： S. Buus M. Florentine Center for Communication and Digital Signal Processing (416 DA) Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA USA Communication Research Laboratory (226 FR) Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Northeastern University Boston MA USA

An overview is presented of results obtained in listeners with real and simulated impairments. Spectral processing is assessed by psychoacoustical tuning curves and growth-of-masking functions; temporal processing is assessed by temporal integration and gap detection thresholds. When comparisons are made to normal listeners tested in the quiet, impaired listeners generally show deficits on all these tasks. When the comparisons are made to simulated impairments, some impaired listeners show no deficits, whereas others still show deficits. These results indicate that abnormal intensity perception is responsible for some, but not all, of impaired listeners' apparent deficits in spectral and temporal processing. In many cases, however, it appears that spectral and temporal processing, per se, are altered in the impaired auditory system.< >

关键词： Deafness Psychoacoustic models Ear Frequency Auditory system Tuning Acoustic noise Noise shaping Testing Spectral shape

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THE AEGIS DATA BUS EXPERIMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第5期101卷 53-58页

作者： FRINK, JG VERVEN, DM John G. Frink is an assistant group supervisor in the Fleet Systems Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He received his B.S. degree in physics from Michigan State University in 1968 and the M.S. degree in computer science from the University of Maryland in 1971. Mr. Frink worked at the Naval Surface Weapons Center White Oak Laboratory on a variety of weapons systems before joining the Applied Physics Laboratory in 1978. Mr. Frink has supervised the development of a large scale battle group simulation that successfully employs the receiver selection paradigm described herein on a hardware suite composed of an extensible number of (currently 15) processors. David M. Verven is a senior electrical engineer in the Fleet Systems Department of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. He received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland College Park in 1979 and the M. S. degree in the same discipline from The Johns Hopkins University in 1984. Mr. Verven joined the Applied Physics Laboratory in 1979 and initially worked on analysis of Navy sensor systems. In 1981 he was the AN/SPS-49 test team leader for the New Threat Upgrade (NTU) combat system land-based test. In 1982 he became involved in the development of the BBWRS system. Currently he is involved in real-time computer program development for the CEP project.

This paper documents an experiment performed by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics laboratory to measure the effect of inserting a data bus into a combat system. The experiment was conducted at the Aegis computer Center located at the Naval Surface Weapons Center in Dahlgren, Virginia (NSWC/DL). The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether or not the Aegis Weapon system (the core of the Aegis Combat system) could be operated with a portion of its point-to-point interelement cables replaced by a data bus. The data bus chosen for the experiment employs message broadcasting with receiver selection. A primary goal of the experiment was to minimize the amount of Aegis computer program changes required to accommodate the data bus. The results presented in this paper will show that the experiment was a success. Key certification tests were passed with no computer program changes to the tactical elements and minimal changes in the Aegis tactical executive (ATES) program (less than 110 words changed).

关键词： Data Transmission Equipment

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