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MLPFormer: MLP-integrated transformer for colorectal histopathology whole slide image segmentation

Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第6期37卷 4651-4661页

作者： Wang, Yuxuan Li, Dan Li, Xuechen Guo, Yan Zuo, Yanfei Shen, Linlin Department of Computer Science Wenzhou-Kean University Wenzhou China School of Electronics and Information Engineering Wuyi University Jiangmen China Department of Histo Pathology Shanghai Histo Pathology Diagnostic Center Shanghai China College of Computer Sicence and Software Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

Colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia is a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer, which is mainly diagnosed using pathological images. According to the characteristics of lesions, precancerous lesions can be classified into four different grades, i.e., background, normal, low and high level. However, due to the continuity of lesion development, tissue in different stages has high similarity. Recently, visual transformers have achieved impressive results in different visual tasks, due to their capacity of capturing long-range dependencies. However, due to computational cost, transformer cannot well extract detailed feature, which is important for lesion grading. To accurately segment pathological tissues with high similarity, in this work, we embed the multi-head MLP mixer module in the transformer network to extract cell and edge information. Furthermore, we propose a hierarchical MLP decoder to facilitate multi-scale feature fusion. The proposed transformer, namely MLPFormer, achieves remarkable results against competitive baselines on the Histo-CRC Biopsy dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that MLPFormer significantly outperforms the competitive baselines, i.e., a 3% dice improvement is achieved over the SegFormer series. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Distributed Channel Estimation and Optimization for 6D Movable Antenna: Unveiling Directional Sparsity

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IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing 2025年第2期19卷 349-365页

作者： Shao, Xiaodan Zhang, Rui Jiang, Qijun Park, Jihong Quek, Tony Q. S. Schober, Robert Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg Institute for Digital Communications Erlangen91054 Germany Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of HongKong School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen518172 China National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 117583 Singapore The Chinese University of HongKong School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen518172 China Singapore University of Technology and Design 487372 Singapore

Six-dimensional movable antenna (6DMA) is an innovative and transformative technology to improve wireless network capacity by adjusting the 3D positions and rotations of antennas/antenna surfaces based on the channel spatial distribution. To achieve optimal antenna positions and rotations, acquiring statistical channel state information (CSI) is essential for 6DMA systems. However, existing works assume that a central processing unit (CPU) jointly processes the signals of all 6DMA surfaces. This incurs prohibitively high processing cost and latency for channel estimation due to the vast numbers of 6DMA candidate positions/rotations and antenna elements. Therefore, we propose a distributed 6DMA processing architecture to reduce the processing complexity of the CPU by equipping each 6DMA surface with a local processing unit (LPU). Furthermore, we unveil for the first time the directional sparsity property of the 6DMA channels with respect to distributed users, where each user has significant channel gains only for a (small) subset of 6DMA position-rotation pairs. Based on this property, we propose a practical three-stage protocol for the 6DMA system and corresponding algorithms to conduct statistical CSI acquisition for all 6DMA candidate positions/rotations, 6DMA position/rotation optimization based on statistical CSI, and instantaneous CSI estimation for user data transmission with optimized 6DMA positions/rotations. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation algorithms achieve higher accuracy than benchmark schemes, while requiring lower pilot overhead. Moreover, the proposed 6DMA system with statistical CSI-based position/rotation optimization achieves a higher ergodic sum rate than fixed-position and fluid antenna systems, even if the latter have perfect instantaneous CSI. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Channel estimation

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Designing Quantum-Resilient Blockchain Frameworks: Enhancing Transactional Security with Quantum Algorithms in Decentralized Ledgers

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International Journal of Advanced computer science and Applications 2025年第4期16卷 618-628页

作者： Kale, Meenal R. Baker El-Ebiary, Yousef A. Sathiya, L. Burugari, Vijay Kumar Yulduz, Erkiniy Muniyandy, Elangovan Alanazi, Rakan Department of Humanities Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering Hingna Nagpur India Faculty of Informatics and Computing UniSZA University Malaysia Department of CSE Panimalar Engineering College Chennai India Dept of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh Guntur India Automatic Control and Computer Engineering Department Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent Tashkent Uzbekistan Department of Biosciences-Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Chennai India Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private University Amman Jordan Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information Technology Northern Border University Rafha Saudi Arabia

Quantum computing is progressing at a fast rate and there is a real threat that classical cryptographic methods can be compromised and therefore impact the security of blockchain networks. All of the ways used to secure blockchain like Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA), Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit (SHA256) are the characteristic of the traditional cryptographic techniques vulnerable to attack by quantum algorithms: Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms: can efficiently break asymmetric encryption and speed up brute force attacks. Because of this vulnerability, there exists a need to develop an advance quantum resilient blockchain framework to protect the decentralized ledgers from the future threats of the quantum. This research proposes Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC), Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and Quantum Random Number Generation (QRNG) as a formidable architectural integration, to fortify security of blockchain. Classical encryption is replaced with PQC, QKD with secure key exchange by detecting eavesdropping, and QRNG with improving cryptographic randomness to remove the predictable key vulnerability. Only with a small loss of transaction efficiency, we increase transaction encryption accuracy, key exchange security, and resistance to quantum attacks. In this quantum enhanced blockchain design, the idea is to preserve the decentralization, transparency and security and at the same time overcome the future quantum threat. By going through rigorous analysis and comparative evaluation, we demonstrate that the approach saves blockchain networks from the emerging quantum risks to make sure that the decentralized finance, smart contracts and cross chain transactions. © (2025), (science and Information Organization). All rights reserved.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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AI for Smart Farming: Machine Learning Models for Precision Crop Yield Prediction

AI for Smart Farming: Machine Learning Models for Precision ...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Computational, Communication and Information technology, ICCCIT 2025

作者： Praveen, R.V.S. Maindola, Meenakshi Bhavana, Munugapati Nijhawan, Ginni Raju, Hemanth Bansal, Saloni LTIMindtree Limited Digital Engineering and Assurance Telangana Hyderabad India Graphic Era Deemed to Be University Department of Computer Science & Engineering Dehradun India MLR Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering Telangana Hyderabad India Lovely Professional University Dept. of Comp. Sc. & Engg. Phagwara India New Horizon College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Bangalore India GLA University Department of Computer Engineering and Applications Mathura India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331512965

AI and other advanced technologies are gradually beginning to invade the agriculture sector to serve the increasing demand of the consumers for better methods of food production. A key component of precision agriculture, this work focuses on how to use machine learning models to predict crop yields with high accuracy. Specifically, the nature and volatility of the environmental context - such as the nature and quality of soils, as well as the climatic and water conditions - present a major challenge to the application of the conventional modeling approaches aimed at forecasting productive capacity in agriculture. Still, when comparing, the AI-driven models will allow sorting through much information gathered from different sources, including sensors, satellite imagery, and yield history. This work examines the differences of several machine learning models. Such models are the Random Forests, SVMs, and CNNs and other Deep Learning methodologies respectively. A quality model is evaluated based on scalability, computational performance, and prediction accuracy. Also in scope of the study, there is an opportunity to employ IoT together with data collected with remote sensing to make and provide realtime forecasts and evaluations. By the utilization of the results attained, it is established that the yields expected by the machine learning models are much more precise, which aids in enhancing agricultural decision-making concerning resource utilizing, crop handling, and risk minimization. The purpose of this study is focused on the promotion of the agricultural sustainability and production through the development of the innovative data driven farming practices. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Smart agriculture

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A Survey of Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm and Its Variants: Statistical Analysis, Performance Evaluation, and Structural Reviewing

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Archives of Computational Methods in engineering 2025年第1期32卷 269-310页

作者： Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Rahmani, Amir Masoud Husari, Fatimatelbatoul Mahmoud Alsalami, Omar Mutab Marzougui, Mehrez Nguyen, Gia Nhu Lee, Sang-Woong Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan University Da Nang Viet Nam School of Medicine and Pharmacy Duy Tan University Da Nang Viet Nam Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin Taiwan Department of Communication and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Cihan University-Erbil Kurdistan Region Iraq Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering Taif University Taif21944 Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer Science King Khalid University Abha61413 Saudi Arabia School of Computer Science Duy Tan University Da Nang Viet Nam Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab Gachon University 1342 Seongnamdaero Sujeonggu Seongnam13120 Korea Republic of

In the last few decades, metaheuristic algorithms that use the laws of nature have been used dramatically in numerous and complex optimization problems. The artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA) is one of the metaheuristic algorithms that was invented in 2022 based on the foraging and migration behavior of the hummingbird for modeling and solving optimization problems. The algorithm initially starts with an initial random population of solutions. It then uses iterative processes and hummingbird position updates to balance exploration and exploitation toward the most optimal solutions. This paper has a detailed and extensive review of the AHA algorithm considering the aspects of hybrid, improved, binary, multi-objective, and optimization problems. In addition, a wide range of applications of AHA in various fields such as feature selection, image processing, scheduling, Internet of Things, classification, clustering, financial and economic issues, forecasting, wireless sensor networks, and many engineering challenges are explored. The statistical and numerical results showed that the AHA algorithm with deep learning methods, Levy flight, and opposition-based learning had the best performance. Also, the AHA algorithm is most widely used in solving multimodal optimization problems and continuous functions. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to International center for Numerical Methods in engineering (CIMNE) 2024.

关键词： Optimization

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Multi-layered retrieval integrity verification mechanism for blockchain oracle

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Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 2025年第4期18卷 1-18页

作者： Wu, Rui Chen, Long Song, Guangmin Xu, Yang Wang, Xinlong School of Computer Science School of Cyber Science and Engineering Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China China Unicom (Zhejiang) Industrial Internet Co. Ltd Hangzhou 311199 China School of Software Shandong University Jinan 250100 China

In a typical distributed network such as blockchain, blockchain oracles play the role of a bridge between off-chain data and on-chain smart contracts. However, blockchain oracles themselves cannot guarantee the security of data outside the blockchain. Since external data sources outside the blockchain are usually not controlled by the blockchain network, malicious attackers may tamper with data or forge information, thereby affecting the execution of smart contracts and causing inaccurate or erroneous contract results. To address this issue, we propose a blockchain oracle multi-layer retrieval integrity verification mechanism, which combines the Shamir threshold signature scheme for double verification to ensure the integrity of external data source data. At the same time, the mechanism combines the Merkle hash tree with the signature chain structure to construct a multi-layer cascade verification framework, which further ensures the security of external data sources. In addition, we also proposed a data source reputation management system, which uses a scoring mechanism to evaluate the accuracy and immediate responsiveness of historical data to enhance the reliability of data sources within the oracle framework. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method effectively solves the problem of insufficient data source reliability. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Blockchain oracle Retrieval integrity verification Shamir threshold signature

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A novel deep learning approach for investigating liquid fuel injection in combustion system

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Discover Artificial Intelligence 2025年第1期5卷 1-14页

作者： Inam, Syed Azeem Khan, Abdullah Ayub Ahmed, Noor Mazhar, Tehseen Shahzad, Tariq Khan, Sunawar Saeed, Mamoon M. Hamam, Habib Department of Artificial Intelligence and Mathematical Science Sindh Madressatul Islam University Sindh Karachi Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Lyari Karachi Pakistan Department of Computer Science Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology Karachi Pakistan Department of Computer Science School Education Department Government of Punjab Layyah31200 Pakistan School of Computer Science National College of Business Administration and Economics Lahore54000 Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus Sahiwal57000 Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalnagar62300 Pakistan Sana’a00967 Yemen Faculty of Engineering Uni de Moncton MonctonNBE1A3E9 Canada Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Sciences University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa Av. Grandes Ecoles BP 1989 Libreville Gabon Bridges for Academic Excellence Spectrum Center-ville Tunis Tunisia

The intricacies and instability of introducing cryogenic propellants into the combustion system have piqued the curiosity of scientists studying the procedure. The latest innovation is utilizing data-driven machine learning and deep learning approaches to gain deeper insights into the related difficulties. However, the current work serves as a baseline for future research because relatively few studies have used data-driven methodologies to assess the temperature of liquid fuel injections in combustion systems. The performance of Linear Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Extra Trees Regressor (ETR), Polynomial Regression (PR), Support Vector Regressor (SVR), Decision Tree Regressor (DTR), Gradient Boost Regressor (GBR), XGB Regressor (XGBoost), AdaBoost Regressor (ABR), K-Neighbors Regressor (KNR), Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Bi-LSTM (Bi-directional Long-Short Term Memory) has all been investigated in this study. The study also suggested a Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN) to examine its performance and paired it with an Extra Tree Regressor (ETR). The coupled FCNN and Extra Tree Regressor outperform the other algorithms with a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.0000005062, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.00071148, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.00020672, and R-squared (R2) value of 0.99998689. Linear Regression, Polynomial Regression, and Support Vector Regressor are found to be the least-performing algorithms. The current work uses machine learning and deep learning methods to make data-driven decisions for liquid fuel injection in the combustion system. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Deep learning

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A Dual-Core Dual-Mode Class-F VCO With Wide Frequency Tuning Range Using Wide Inductance-Switching-Range Inductor

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IEEE Microwave and Wireless technology Letters 2025年第4期35卷 460-463页

作者： Hou, Yaru Li, Runlong Chi, Pei-Ling Yang, Tao University of electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu610036 China Sichuan Province Engineering Research Center for Broadband Microwave Circuit High Density Integration Chengdu610036 China University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Electronic Science and Engineering Sichuan Chengdu610054 China National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hsinchu300 Taiwan

A novel dual-core dual-mode class-F voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) with wide frequency tuning range (TR) is proposed in this letter. It consists of two coupled parallel "8"-shaped inductor and two crossed-coupled VCO cores. To increase the TR of the proposed VCO without adding additional footprint size, a single-turn common-mode inductor is embedded inside the "8"-shaped inductor. By controlling the mode switches, the inductor can work in different modes with large inductance difference, realizing large VCO TR consequently. Then, the two coupled inductors were engineered to form the fundamental and third harmonic resonances, respectively, thereby producing a pseudo-square wave output waveform and realizing class-F operation. With the proposed configuration, the phase noise (PN) of the proposed VCO can be significantly reduced without increasing VCO core size. To demonstrate the proposed idea, a VCO prototype is fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process with a core size of 1.235×0.8mm. It achieves a wide frequency TR from 2.84 to 7.04 GHz. The measured PN at 1-MHz offset is from -123.9 to -113.1 dBc/Hz, demonstrating an FOMT of 196.0-201.3 dBc/Hz. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Variable frequency oscillators

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Joint Optimization of Compression, Transmission and Computation for Cooperative Perception Aided Intelligent Vehicular Networks

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IEEE Transactions on Vehicular technology 2025年第5期74卷 8201-8214页

作者： Lu, Binbin Huang, Xumin Wu, Yuan Qian, Liping Zhou, Sheng Niyato, Dusit University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City The Department of Computer and Information Science Macau China Guangdong University of Technology School of Automation Guangzhou510006 China University of Macau State Key Lab of Internet of Things for Smart City Macau China University of Macau State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City The Department of Computer Information Science Macau China Zhuhai UM Science and Technology AQ2 Research Institute Zhuhai519301 China Zhejiang University of Technology Institute of Cyberspace Security Hangzhou310023 China Tsinghua University Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Beijing100084 China Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering Singapore

Cooperative perception is a promising paradigm to tackle the perception limitations of a single intelligent vehicle (IV) to enhance the driving safety and efficiency in intelligent vehicular networks. However, the real-time transmission and computation-intensive fusion of raw sensing data raise new challenges for satisfying the stringent delay requirement of delay-sensitive applications. In this paper, we formulate a joint optimization problem of the cooperative IV selection, compression ratio selection, transmit power control, task offloading decision and computation allocation to minimize the end-to-end delay consisting of compression, transmission and computation. In particular, to meet the perception probability requirement, the quality and quantity-aware matching algorithm is proposed to optimize the cooperative IV selection. To guarantee the queue stability of offloading tasks, we develop the Lyapunov optimization algorithm to determine the upper bound of the offloading tasks and the corresponding optimal computation allocation. The Lyapunov aided deep reinforcement learning algorithm is further proposed to dynamically adjust the task offloading decision and compression ratio selection to minimize the end-to-end delay with the transmit power control being optimized by the successive convex approximation algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that, compared to several benchmark algorithms, our proposed algorithm achieves the lowest end-to-end delay while guaranteeing the requirements on perception probability and queue stability effectively. © 1967-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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Federated Knowledge Distillation With 3D Transformer Adaptation for Weakly Labeled Multi-Organ Medical Image Segmentation

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 83619-83642页

作者： AlZubi, Tareq Mahmod Mukhtar, Hamza Al-Balqa Applied University Prince Abdullah bin Ghazi Faculty of Information and Communication Technology Department of Computer Science As-Salt 19117 Jordan Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (UET Lahore) Lahore 39161 Pakistan Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science UET Lahore Intelligent Criminology Laboratory National Center of Artificial Intelligence Lahore 39161 Pakistan

The increasing reliance on medical image segmentation for disease diagnosis, treatment planning, and therapeutic assessment has highlighted the need for robust and generalized deep learning (DL)-based segmentation frameworks. However, existing models often suffer from task-specific limitations, catastrophic forgetting, and poor scalability due to their dependency on narrowly annotated datasets. This creates a significant gap in developing unified, multi-organ segmentation systems that leverage distributed and partially labeled datasets across diverse clinical institutions. To address these challenges, we propose the Federated 3D Knowledge Distillation Network (Fed3D-KDNet), a hybrid federated learning (FL) framework that integrates both global and local knowledge distillation mechanisms. Our model adapts the Segment Anything Model (SAM) for volumetric medical imaging by introducing architectural enhancements, including 3D spatial feature adapters and an Auto Prompt Generator (APG), to optimize spatial representation and reduce reliance on manually crafted prompts. Fed3D-KDNet employs a dual knowledge distillation strategy to mitigate catastrophic forgetting and improve cross-client knowledge transfer, ensuring robust generalization across heterogeneous datasets. The proposed methodology was evaluated on multi-organ CT datasets, including the BTCV benchmark, under centralized and federated settings. Experimental results demonstrate that Fed3D-KDNet achieves state-of-the-art performance with an average Dice score of 80.53% and an average Hausdorff Distance (HD) of 11.43 voxels in federated experiments involving seven clients, showing 5.04% improvement in Dice accuracy and a 4.35 voxel reduction in HD. Moreover, our model demonstrates superior efficiency with a computational cost of 371.3 GFLOPs, 26.53 million tuned parameters, and an inference time of 0.058 seconds per iteration. These results validate the efficacy, scalability, and computational efficiency of Fed3D-K

关键词： Federated learning knowledge distillation medical image segmentation transformer

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