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Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya-type spin-spin interaction from mixed-parity superconductivity

Physical Review B 2025年第6期111卷 L060504-L060504页

作者： Jabir Ali Ouassou Takehito Yokoyama Jacob Linder Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Western Norway University of Applied Sciences NO-5528 Haugesund Norway Department of Physics Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan Center for Quantum Spintronics Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology NO-7491 Trondheim Norway

Interacting impurity spins adsorbed on surfaces have been suggested as basic components for applications in quantum computation and spintronics. Such spins usually prefer a parallel or antiparallel configuration, but weakly noncollinear alignments are possible due to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) that arises in the presence of relativistic spin-orbit coupling. Here, we show that an effective Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya-type interaction (DMTI) can emerge purely from superconducting correlations without any spin-orbit interaction. We give an analytical proof and provide a numerical study which shows that DMTI arises in mixed-parity superconductors solely from the superconducting pairing. Moreover, we show that the same effect can be realized in Josephson junctions between s-wave and p-wave superconductors, where a phase bias toggles the DMTI entirely on and off. These results enable a way to engineer spin textures using superconducting order.

关键词： Shear waves

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An upgraded variant of backtracking search algorithm and its application to COVID-19 CT images segmentation

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-57页

作者： Debnath, Sanjib Nama, Sukanta Chakraborty, Sanjoy Saha, Apu Kumar Mirjalili, Seyedali Department of Computer Science & Engineering National Institute of Technology Agartala Tripura Agartala799046 India Department of Science & Humanities Gomati District Polytechnic Fulkumari Tripura Udaipur799013 India Department of Information Technology Bir Bikram Memorial College Tripura Agartala India Department of Mathematics National Institute of Technology Agartala Tripura Agartala799046 India Center for Artificial Intelligence Research and Optimization Torrens University Australia Brisbane Australia Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science VŠB-TU Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic University Research and Innovation Center Obuda University Budapest Hungary Department of Computer Science & Engineering The ICFAI University Tripura Tripura 799210 India

To improve the performance of the original backtracking search algorithm (BSA), this work combines BSA with a centralized population initialization and an elitism-based local escape operator and proposes a new, improved variant of BSA called CiBSA. BSA's performance is improved by centralized population initialization regarding search capability, convergence speed, and capacity to jump out of the local optimum. The suggested algorithm's elitism-based local escape operator method prevents BSA searching slowness and enhances convergence rates and local search efficiency. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been tested on a set of 54 test suites. An extensive comparison with other recent meta-heuristics algorithms (MA) demonstrates that both methodologies substantially assist BSA in boosting the quality of its solutions and speeding up the convergence rate. The proposed CiBSA is then applied to a real-world problem: image segmentation using Kapur's entropy function. The proposed CiBSA is successfully applied to the segmentation of COVID-19 CT images using Kapur's entropy for grey-scale images. Considering the performance matrices Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), Feature Similarity Index (FSIM), and Intersection over Union (IoU), the suggested CiBSA outperformed conventional MA algorithms. In COVID-19 CT image segmentation trials, CiBSA has superior segmentation capability and adaptability at varied threshold levels than other approaches. As a result, CiBSA has a lot of potential for enhancing COVID-19 diagnosis accuracy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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Meta-learning with orthogonal softmax layer (MLOSL) for small sample hyperspectral image classification

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-30页

作者： Amoako, Prince Yaw Owusu Cao, Guo Shi, Hao Arthur, John Kingsley Agyenim, Yaw Oti Boateng School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Xiaolingwei Nanjing City210094 China Department of Computer Science Valley View University Accra Oyibi Ghana ETSU Municipal Center East Tennessee State University Johnson CityTN United States

Recent research on Hyperspectral image classification (HSIC) has been much concerned with small sample size due to the challenges of obtaining large labeled data. Coupled with this is the challenge with optimization of the models’ structure and computational complexities. Meta-learning techniques have been proposed to improve classification accuracy on small training data samples. The existing meta-learning techniques still require several pre-collected labeled hyperspectral images (HSI) source datasets of large labeled samples for meta-training, which is undoubtedly a huge task and time-consuming. We propose a meta-learning with orthogonal softmax layer (MLOSL) for small sample HSIC. Orthogonality is introduced to address the structural and computational complexities of deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models for HSIC. An unsupervised meta-learning task construction extracts multiview spectral dimension features of different bands from the same sample, whereas the spatial dimension multiview features are extracted through data augmentation. The orthogonal softmax layer captures a wider variety of patterns in the data by promoting variation among the weight vectors, potentially improving generalization to unobserved samples and minimizing computational time. Label smoothing is added to the classification loss to lessen the impact of incorrectly classified samples and class imbalance. Experimental outcomes on four target datasets compared to existing state-of-the-art models indicate the competitiveness of the proposed model's small sample HSIC performance and its suitability in time-constraint applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Deep transfer learning technique to detect white blood cell classification in regular clinical practice using histopathological images

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第9期84卷 5699-5723页

作者： Davamani, K. Anita Jawahar, Malathy Anbarasi, L. Jani Ravi, Vinayakumar Al Mazroa, Alanoud Robin, C. R. Rene Computer Science and Engineering Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology Chennai India Leather Process Technology Division CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Chennai India School of Computing Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India Computer Science and Engineering Sri Sairam Engineering College Sirukalathur India Center for Artificial Intelligence Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Khobar Saudi Arabia Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Leukemia, a malignant disease characterized by the rapid proliferation of specific types of white blood cells (WBC), has prompted increased interest in leveraging automatic WBC classification system. This study presents the design of a robust WBC classification system, integrating deep learning with microscopic image analysis. The proposed classification model is designed to categorize blood cells into four distinct groups: eosinophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and neutrophil. The study employs a Kaggle image dataset for comprehensive learning. The dataset comprises 12,500 microscopic images used to categorize the four blood cell groups. To enhance performance and reduce the likelihood of overfitting, transfer learning techniques are employed. Six deep transfer learning models namely VGG16, ResNet50, AlexNet, MobileNet, GoogLeNet, and EfficientNetBO are used for feature extraction and classification. The results of the experiments show that VGG16 and MobileNet demonstrated enhancements compared to other pre-trained models when evaluated on both augmented and original datasets. A diverse set of evaluation criteria was employed to thoroughly assess the effectiveness of medical image classification. Notably, the VGG16 and MobileNet models accurately predicted Lymphocytes and Monocytes with a 100% accuracy rate, and Eosinophil and Neutrophil with rates of 99.35% and 99.81%, respectively. This research work empower medical practitioners, particularly in the field of pathology and hematology by providing advanced tools for accurate blood cell classification. The proposed VGG16 and MobileNet models hold promise for simplifying WBC classification, improving decision-making processes, and ultimately advancing patient care in the medical domain. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Deep learning

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Revolutionizing FANETs with Reinforcement Learning: Optimized Data Forwarding and Real-Time Adaptability

IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society

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IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 2025年 6卷 4295-4310页

作者： Mohammed, Yasir I. Hassan, Rosilah Hasan, Mohammad Kamrul Islam, Shayla Abbas, Huda Saleh Khan, Muhammad Asghar Khan, Muhammad Attique Center for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and Technology the National University of Malaysia Selangor Bangi43600 Malaysia Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation UCSI University Kuala Lumpur56000 Malaysia Department of Computer Science Computer Science and Engineering College Taibah University Madinah Saudi Arabia Department of EE College of Engineering Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Al-Khobar Saudi Arabia Department of AI College of Computer Engineering and Science Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University Al-Khobar Saudi Arabia

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have significantly advanced wireless communication frameworks by enabling the formation of Flying Ad-Hoc Networks (FANETs). FANETs facilitate autonomous collaboration among UAVs through decentralized and self-organizing communication protocols, proving especially effective in dynamic applications such as military surveillance, disaster management, and environmental monitoring. Nevertheless, traditional routing algorithms, initially developed for terrestrial networks, often fail to meet the unique challenges of FANETs, notably their high mobility and frequently changing network topologies. A framework was proposed to address these challenges;this paper formulates a multi-objective optimization problem aimed at optimizing UAV trajectories, enhancing energy efficiency, and maximizing communication range to improve overall data forwarding performance. A Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based agent is created that constantly enhances its decision-making capacity by utilizing real-time feedback and dynamically chooses best forwarding tactics. This work also combines developments in large-scale data collecting from Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), using mobile sinks supported by FANETs in conjunction with multi-objective optimization approaches to improve data collecting efficiency greatly. Experimental tests show that the suggested RL-based techniques outperform conventional routing protocols by properly lowering delays and raising the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). Moreover, simulation findings show the better scalability and adaptability of RL-enabled UAV networks, stressing its possible use in dynamic real-world situations such as disaster relief operations and environmental monitoring tasks. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Drones

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DISTANCE BETWEEN SPECIES BY CONFUSION OPERATORS OF MULTI-CLASS CLASSIFIERS

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UPB Scientific Bulletin, Series A: Applied Mathematics and Physics 2025年第1期2025卷 171-182页

作者： Tarbă, Nicolae Irimescu, Ionela N. Pleavă, Ana M. Scarlat, Eugen N. Mihăilescu, Mona Doctoral School Computer Science and Engineering Department Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest Romania Applied Sciences Doctoral School National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest Romania CAMPUS Research Center National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest Romania Physics Dept National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest Romania Physics Dept Research Center for Applied Sciences in Engineering National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest Romania

We introduce a method to evaluate the similarities between classes of objects based on the confusion matrices coming from the multi-class machine learning (ML) predictors that operate in the vector space generated by the classes. Operation in the confusion domain allows us to use the distance as evaluation metric of the closeness of the relevant properties carried by the classes. We applied the method to semiquantitatively evaluate the effects of X-ray and carbon ion radiation on cultured SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells with respect to the non-irradiated reference. We prove that it is possible to draw useful information on the strength of cells nuclei changes. © 2025, Politechnica University of Bucharest. All rights reserved.

关键词： Radiation effects

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An Early Detection of Tomato Plant Disease with Deep Reinforcement Learning and CNN 5th

An Early Detection of Tomato Plant Disease with Deep Reinfor...

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5th International Symposium on Signal and Image Processing, ISSIP 2024

作者： Singh, Jagendra Saraswat, Mala Ramesh, Gopisetty Alsahlanee, Abbas Thajeel Rhaif Shaik, Nazeer Murugesan, Ashok School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India Department of EIE CVR College of Engineering Telangana Ibrahimpatnam India Development and Continuous Education Center University of Thi-Qar Thi-Qar Iraq Department of Computer Science & Engineering Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Technology Autonomous Anantapur India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Rajalakshmi Institute of Technology Kuthambakkam India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819795147

Machine learning models have been tested in the current research for detecting and classifying tomato diseases at their early stages. This is one of the core tasks of modern agriculture, being extremely beneficial in maintaining the health and, accordingly, the production of tomatoes. In order to achieve this, a dataset of 3450 images was totaled, containing both the diseased and healthy leaves of tomato. The dataset was split with a 70% portion for training and the rest 30% for testing. Therefore, the current research seeks to train and evaluate the performance of several machine learning models, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), and VGG-16 architecture;the results showed that the CNN model had the highest measure over the precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy that averaged over 96.8%, 96.5%, 96.6%, and 96.77%, respectively. The KNN model showed particularly high performance over the metrics of interest with precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy of 94.3%, 94.0%, 94.1%, and 94.32%, respectively. The RNN model depicted some excellent indicators that pointed to the ability to catch the sequential dependencies with a precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy of 88.2%, 83.5%, 85.7%, and 85.60%, respectively, which was still lower than CNN and KNN. Finally, the VGG-16 architecture showed quite competitive results over the precision, recall, F1 score, and accuracy—91.7%, 93.2%, 92.4%, and 92.20%, respectively. Therefore, it is evident that the current research provided clear evidence that the employment of ML was effective as pertaining to the accurate detection and classification of the tomato diseases with the CNN model displaying robustness and being highly potential. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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ACSarF:a DRL-based adaptive consortium blockchain sharding framework for supply chain finance

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digital Communications and Networks 2025年第1期11卷 26-34页

作者： Shijing Hu Junxiong Lin Xin Du Wenbin Huang Zhihui Lu Qiang Duan Jie Wu School of Computer Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Shanghai Blockchain Engineering Research Center Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Information Sciences and Technology Department Pennsylvania State UniversityAbingtonPA 19001USA

Blockchain technologies have been used to facilitate Web 3.0 and FinTech ***,conventional blockchain technologies suffer from long transaction delays and low transaction success rates in some Web 3.0 and FinTech applications such as Supply Chain Finance(SCF).Blockchain sharding has been proposed to improve blockchain ***,the existing sharding methods either use a static sharding strategy,which lacks the adaptability for the dynamic SCF environment,or are designed for public chains,which are not applicable to consortium blockchain-based *** address these issues,we propose an adaptive consortium blockchain sharding framework named ACSarF,which is based on the deep reinforcement learning *** proposed framework can improve consortium blockchain sharding to effectively reduce transaction delay and adaptively adjust the sharding and blockout strategies to increase the transaction success rate in a dynamic SCF ***,we propose to use a consistent hash algorithm in the ACSarF framework to ensure transaction load balancing in the adaptive sharding system to further improve the performance of blockchain sharding in dynamic SCF *** evaluate the proposed framework,we conducted extensive experiments in a typical SCF *** obtained experimental results show that the ACSarF framework achieves a more than 60%improvement in user experience compared to other state-of-the-art blockchain systems.

关键词： Web 3.0 Consortium blockchain Blockchain sharding Supply chain finance FinTech regulation

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Advancements in Liver Tumor Detection:A Comprehensive Review of Various Deep Learning Models

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computer Modeling in engineering & sciences 2025年第1期142卷 91-122页

作者： Shanmugasundaram Hariharan D.Anandan Murugaperumal Krishnamoorthy Vinay Kukreja Nitin Goyal Shih-Yu Chen Deptartment of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Vardhaman College of EngineeringHyderabad501218India Deptartment of CSE V.S.B College of EngineeringKarur639111India Deptartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Vardhaman College of EngineeringHyderabad501218India Centre for Research Impact&Outcome Chitkara UniversityRajpura140401PunjabIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering School of Engineering and TechnologyCentral University of HaryanaMahendergarh123031HaryanaIndia Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyYunlin64002Taiwan Intelligence Recognition Industry Service Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and TechnologyYunlin64002Taiwan

Liver cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide,and precise diagnostic tools are essential for effective treatment *** Tumors(LTs)vary significantly in size,shape,and location,and can present with tissues of similar intensities,making automatically segmenting and classifying LTs from abdominal tomography images crucial and *** review examines recent advancements in Liver Segmentation(LS)and Tumor Segmentation(TS)algorithms,highlighting their strengths and limitations regarding precision,automation,and *** metrics are utilized to assess key detection algorithms and analytical methods,emphasizing their effectiveness and relevance in clinical *** review also addresses ongoing challenges in liver tumor segmentation and identification,such as managing high variability in patient data and ensuring robustness across different imaging *** suggests directions for future research,with insights into technological advancements that can enhance surgical planning and diagnostic accuracy by comparing popular *** paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of current liver tumor detection techniques,provides a roadmap for future innovations,and improves diagnostic and therapeutic outcomes for liver cancer by integrating recent progress with remaining challenges.

关键词： Liver tumor detection liver tumor segmentation image processing liver tumor diagnosis feature extraction tumor classification deep learning machine learning

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Grape Guard:A YOLO-based mobile application for detecting grape leaf diseases

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Journal of Electronic science and technology 2025年第1期23卷 60-75页

作者： Sajib Bin Mamun Israt Jahan Payel Md.Taimur Ahad Anthony S.Atkins Bo Song Yan Li Department of Computer Science and Engineering Daffodil International UniversityDhaka1207Bangladesh Department of Computer Science University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba4350Australia Faculty of Digital TechnologyInnovationand BusinessStaffordshire UniversityStoke-on-TrentST42DEUnited Kingdom School of Engineering University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba4350Australia School of Mathematics Physics and ComputingUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoomba4350Australia

Grape crops are a great source of income for *** yield and quality of grapes can be improved by preventing and treating *** farmer’s yield will be dramatically impacted if diseases are found on grape *** detection can reduce the chances of leaf diseases affecting other healthy *** studies have been conducted to detect grape leaf diseases,but most fail to engage with end users and integrate the model with real-time mobile *** study developed a mobile-based grape leaf disease detection(GLDD)application to identify infected leaves,Grape Guard,based on a TensorFlow Lite(TFLite)model generated from the You Only Look Once(YOLO)v8 model.A public grape leaf disease dataset containing four classes was used to train the *** results of this study were relied on the YOLO architecture,specifically YOLOv5 and *** extensive experiments with different image sizes,YOLOv8 performed better than ***8 achieved 99.9%precision,100%recall,99.5%mean average precision(mAP),and 88%mAP50-95 for all classes to detect grape leaf *** Grape Guard android mobile application can accurately detect the grape leaf disease by capturing images from grape vines.

关键词： Bacterial diseases Grape Guard Mobile-based application YOLOv5 YOLOv8

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