In "Taylorism Up Close and Personal," Robert Kanigel contributes to Technology and Culture's ongoing series of reviews of classics of the history of technology literature. In it he reconsiders Hugh G. Ai...
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In "Taylorism Up Close and Personal," Robert Kanigel contributes to Technology and Culture's ongoing series of reviews of classics of the history of technology literature. In it he reconsiders Hugh G. Aitken's Taylorism at Watertown Arsenal, originally published in 1960 and reissued in 1985 under the title Scientific Management in Action. Aitken's book explored a 1911 strike at Watertown Arsenal outside Boston that represented a protest against time-study techniques used by Frederick Winslow Taylor and his supporters and that were a central feature of his system of "scientific management." Kanigel offers a brief overview of Aitken's book, which he sees as offering a needed corrective to the rhetorical posturing that often surrounds Taylorism. He suggests that Aitken's success issued from the expert way in which he framed his account, to his diligence in working through the extensive source materials left over from the Watertown strike, and to Aitken's "openness to every sort of person, every habit of mind." In Aitken's ability to craft an account accessible to readers outside his own discipline, Kanigel sees high-order "popularization" at work.
作者：
Allen, Barbara L.Director
Graduate Program in Science and Technology Studies Virginia Tech''s National Capital Region Campus
The emergence of environmental history as a distinct field during the last few decades—essentially as a post–Earth Day discipline—has produced a rich array of research. This scholarship has often been politically c...
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The emergence of environmental history as a distinct field during the last few decades—essentially as a post–Earth Day discipline—has produced a rich array of research. This scholarship has often been politically charged, even passionate. While the field has expanded to encompass regions beyond the United States and to examine environmental issues of Native Americans and women, comparatively little has been written about African Americans. So it is that "To Love the Wind and the Rain" is a welcome addition to the literature.
Currently in North America, there is an active dialogue going on about the state of predoctoral dental education and the need for curriculum change, innovation, and the adoption of contemporary, competency-based educa...
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Currently in North America, there is an active dialogue going on about the state of predoctoral dental education and the need for curriculum change, innovation, and the adoption of contemporary, competency-based educational models. At the institutional level, curriculum committees struggle with requests from faculty to add new content to an overburdened didactic and clinic schedule. This article will describe potential solutions centering on the role and scope of the biomedical sciences in predoctoral dental education. The authors propose that dental educators and institutions reconsider the current admission prerequisites and curriculum content of the biomedical sciences in predoctoral programs. The proposed changes are intended to eliminate content redundancy between undergraduate and predoctoral dental education by integration of the biomedical sciences—in particular, biochemistry, microbiology, and physiology—into other clinically oriented coursework and learning experiences in the curriculum based on a pathophysiology model that fosters students’ comprehension of the etiology of oral and systemic diseases encountered by the general dental practitioner. The authors explore how changes in the biomedical science prerequisites for dental school matriculation and associated modifications in curriculum focus and content would impact admissions testing, composition of national board exams, and strategies for teaching and learning within dental schools.
作者：
Madhavan, SangeethaShields, Richard KS Madhavan
PT MA is a doctoral student Graduate Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Carver College of Medicine The University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa RK Shields
PT PhD FAPTA is Professor and Director Graduate Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Carver College of Medicine The University of Iowa 1–252 Medical Education Building Iowa City IA 52242
作者：
BARBARA ALLENBarbara Allen
executive editor of the JAE is currently the director of the Science and Technology in Society (STS) graduate program at Virginia Tech’s Washington DC area campus. She has published more than a dozen articles on EJ as well as her latest book Uneasy Alchemy: Citizens and Experts in Louisiana’s Chemical Corridor Disputes (MIT Press 2003).
作者：
Markle, Stephen P.CDR. STEPHEN P. MARKLE
USN (REt.)P.E.a retired US Navy Engineering Duty Officer and is the Engineering Director for Navalis Environmental Systems. His active duty assignments included the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations Director of Surface Warfare as Section Head for Surface Combatant Maintenance and Modernization Program Executive Office Expeditionary Warfare as Assistant Project Manager for the (TAKE 1)Class Programand as Deputy Director
Environmental Programs Division at Naval Sea Systems Command. He is a 1993 graduate of the Naval Construction and Engineering Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a Naval Engineers Degree and Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering. Since 1995 he has authored thirteen published technical papers dealing with environmental issues. CDR Markle is the recipient of Fiscal Year 2001 Individual Environmental Quality Awards and Environmental Excellence in Weapon System Acquisition Team Awards from Naval Sea Systems Command Chief of Naval Operations Secretary of the Navy and Secretary of Defense and the 2001 ASNE “Jimmie Hamilton” award. He is a Professional Engineer registered in the State of New York and Commonwealth of Virginia. He serves as the Chair of the Joint ASNE/SNAME Committee on Environmental Engineering and also as Chair of ASTM Ships and Marine Technology Marine Environmental Protection Subcommittee (F25.06).
Regulations governing the discharge of sewage from ships have been in force since the early 1970's. In response, the marine industry has developed ever more complex systems and processes for managing these wastes....
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Regulations governing the discharge of sewage from ships have been in force since the early 1970's. In response, the marine industry has developed ever more complex systems and processes for managing these wastes. The first compliance method involved holding wastes until they could be legally discharged;as technology advanced, treatment systems were developed and installed to enable discharge within regulated waters. As the size and number of ships as increased with maturation of the ocean tourism business, more restrictive regulations have been enacted to minimize the impact on sensitive waters. The trend is toward increasing regulation of both sewage and graywater. The most recent action occurred on 12 October 2005 when the Governor of California signed into law Senate Bill 771 regulating most ship liquid discharges within state waters. This paper describes the development of an innovative advanced wastewater treatment technology, based on advanced oxidation, bearing in mind the lessons learned from systems developed by industry over the past thirty years.
This article reviews the way in which the spread of computing technology has impacted the search and seizure policies of relevant U.S. government agencies. Among the changes that have occurred is a total redesign by t...
This article reviews the way in which the spread of computing technology has impacted the search and seizure policies of relevant U.S. government agencies. Among the changes that have occurred is a total redesign by the Justice Department of its search and seizure guidelines and policies. the article discusses numerous questions that involve search and seizure procedures as they pertain to the use of computing technology.
Survey research was used to obtain data from food processors to develop a wastes/residues database. The general principles of Dillman's Total Design Method of survey administration were followed with the exception...
Survey research was used to obtain data from food processors to develop a wastes/residues database. The general principles of Dillman's Total Design Method of survey administration were followed with the exception that telephone follow-ups replaced a third mailing five weeks after the initial mailing. The purpose of this article is to discuss survey methodology and responses in one facet of the food industry. Food processors were asked to provide a company profile and information about food wastes/residues generated in the facility and to indicate that perceived barriers to source reduction or recycling activities and willingness to provide waste samples for proximate analysis. Questionnaires were mailed to 444 food processing companies with 10 or more employees in the state of Iowa. The response rates were traced for each contact [initial mailing, post-card follow-up, second survey, and telephone calls] and for each Standard Industrial Codes (SIC) and total response rates were determined. Factors influencing response rate were identified. The overall response rate was 82.2% (365), but only 250 of the questionnaires contained data other than company profiles. Data were obtained from companies in over 37 different SICs. Factors influencing response rates included: perception among some of the companies classified by SIC codes as food manufacturing that they were not food processors; timing of survey; perceived confidentiality of data requested; and availability of the correct contact person. Knowledge of how to obtain data from this segment of the food chain will assist other researchers and businesses as they seek information from food processors about their wastes/residues and other trends that will impact other segments of the food chain.
作者：
Chmielewski, TLHurd, WJRudolph, KSAxe, MJSnyder-Mackler, LTL Chmielewski
PT PhD is Assistant Professor Department of Physical Therapy University of Florida Gainesville Fla WJ Hurd
PT MS is a doctoral student in the Department of Physical Therapy University of Delaware Newark Del and Graduate Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science University of Delaware KS Rudolph
PT PhD is Assistant Professor Department of Physical Therapy University of Delaware Newark Del and Graduate Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science University of Delaware MJ Axe
MD is Clinical Professor Department of Physical Therapy University of Delaware Newark Del and Orthopedic Surgeon First State Orthopedics Newark Del L Snyder-Mackler
PT ScD SCS ATC is Professor Department of Physical Therapy University of Delaware 301 McKinly Laboratory Newark DE 19716 (USA) and Director Graduate Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science University of Delaware
Background and *** knee stabilization strategies of people who successfully compensate for the absence of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) (“copers”) are different from those of people who do not compensate well ...
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Background and *** knee stabilization strategies of people who successfully compensate for the absence of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) (“copers”) are different from those of people who do not compensate well for the injury (“noncopers”). Early after injury, certain patients (“potential copers”) can increase the likelihood of successfully compensating for the injury by participating in 10 sessions of perturbation training. The purpose of this study was to determine how perturbation training alters muscle co-contraction and knee kinematics in potential *** individuals with acute, unilateral ACL rupture who were categorized as potential copers and 17 subjects without injuries who were matched by age, sex, and activity level were recruited for this *** analysis and electromyographic data were collected as subjects walked across a stationary or moving platform (horizontal translation) before and after perturbation *** training, potential copers had higher co-contraction indexes and lower peak knee flexion angles than subjects without injuries. After training, potential copers' movement patterns more closely resembled those of subjects without injuries (ie, they showed reduced co-contraction indexes and increased peak knee flexion angles during stance).Discussion and *** training reduced quadriceps femoris-hamstring muscle and quadriceps femoris-gastrocnemius muscle co-contractions and normalized knee kinematics in individuals with ACL rupture who were classified as potential copers. Findings from this study provide evidence for a mechanism by which perturbation training acts as an effective intervention for promoting coordinated muscle activity in a select population of people with ACL rupture.
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