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arXiv 2025年

作者： Aoki, Wako Beers, Timothy C. Honda, Satoshi Matsuno, Tadafumi Placco, Vinicius M. Yoon, Jinmi Kuzuhara, Masayuki Harakawa, Hiroki Hirano, Teruyuki Kotani, Takayuki Kurokawa, Takashi Nishikawa, Jun Omiya, Masashi Tamura, Motohide Vievard, Sébastien National Astronomical Observatory 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Astronomical Science Program Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements University of Notre Dame Notre DameIN46556 United States Nishi-Harima Astronomical Observatory Center for Astronomy University of Hyogo 407-2 Nishigaichi Sayo-cho Hyogo Sayo679-5313 Japan Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg Mönchhofstraße 12–14 Heidelberg69120 Germany NSF NOIRLab 950 N. Cherry Ave. TucsonAZ85719 United States Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Dr. BaltimoreMD21218 United States Astrobiology Center 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Subaru Telescope 650 N. Aohoku Place HiloHI96720 United States Institute of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei Tokyo184-8588 Japan Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan

关键词： Supernovae

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Four-hundred Very Metal-poor Stars Studied with LAMOST and Subaru. III. Dynamically Tagged Groups and Chemodynamical Properties

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Ruizhi Matsuno, Tadafumi Li, Haining Aoki, Wako Xue, Xiang-Xiang Suda, Takuma Zhao, Gang Chen, Yuqin Ishigaki, Miho N. Shi, Jianrong Xing, Qianfan Zhao, Jingkun CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China Yuquan Road Shijingshan District Beijing100049 China Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg Mönchhofstraße 12-14 Heidelberg69120 Germany National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Department of Liberal Arts Tokyo University of Technology Nishi Kamata 5-23-22 Ota-ku Tokyo144-8535 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan

Very metal-poor (VMP) stars record the signatures of early accreted galaxies, making them essential tools for unraveling the early stages of Galaxy formation. Understanding the origin of VMP stars requires comprehensive studies of their chemical compositions and kinematics, which are currently lacking. Hence, we conduct a chemodynamical analysis of 352 VMP stars selected from one of the largest uniform high-resolution VMP star samples, jointly obtained from LAMOST and Subaru. We apply a friends-of-friends clustering algorithm to the master catalog of this high-resolution sample, which consists of 5778 VMP stars. It results in 131 dynamically tagged groups with 89 associated with known substructures in the Milky Way, including Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE), Thamnos, Helmi streams, Sequoia, Wukong, Pontus, and the very metal-poor disk (VMPD). Our findings are: (i) the VMPD shows lower Zn abundances than the rest, which indicates that it could be a relic of small stellar systems;(ii) Sequoia shows moderately high r-process abundances;(iii) Helmi streams show deficiencies in carbon and light neutron-capture elements;(iv) the fraction of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars with no enhancement in heavy elements (CEMP-no stars) seems low in the VMPD and the Helmi streams;and (v) a subgroup in GSE exhibits a very high fraction of r-process enhanced stars, with four out of five showing [Eu/Fe]> +1.0. The abundance patterns of other elements in VMP substructures largely match the whole VMP sample. We also study large-scale correlations between abundance ratios and kinematics without classifying stars into substructures, but it does not yield significant correlations once the overall chemical evolution is considered for most elements. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Stars

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Detection of the actinide Th in an r-process-enhanced star with accretion origin

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xing, Qianfan Zhao, Gang Aoki, Wako Li, Haining Zhao, Jingkun Matsuno, Tadafumi Suda, Takuma A20 Datun Road Chaoyang Beijing100101 China Yuquan Road Shijingshan District Beijing100049 China National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Astronomical Science Program Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg Mönchhofstraße 12-14 Heidelberg69120 Germany Department of Liberal Arts Tokyo University of Technology Nishi Kamata 5-23-22 Ota-ku Tokyo144-8535 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan

The thorium and six second-peak r-process element (56 ≤ Z ≤ 72) abundances are determined for the α-poor star LAMOST J1124+4535 based on a high-resolution spectrum obtained with the High Dispersion Spectrograph (HDS) on the Subaru telescope. The age of J1124+4535 is 11.3 ± 4.4 Gyr using thorium and other r-process element abundances. J1124+4535 is confirmed to be a Galactic halo metal-poor ([Fe/H] = −1.27±0.1) star with extreme r-process element over-abundance ([Eu/Fe] = 1.13±0.08) and α element deficiency ([Mg/Fe] = -0.31±0.09) by the LAMOST-Subaru project. Along with the sub-solar α to iron ratios (e.g. [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], [Ca/Fe]), the relatively low abundances of Na, Cr, Ni and Zn in J1124+4535 show significant departure from the general trends of the Galactic halo but are in good agreement with those of dwarf galaxies. The chemical abundances and kinematics of J1124+4535 suggest it was formed in the late stage of star formation in a dwarf galaxy which has been disrupted by the Milky Way (MW). The star formation of its progenitor dwarf galaxy lasted more than 2 Gyr and has been affected by a rare r-process event before the occurrence of accretion event. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Thorium

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Unravelling the asphericities in the explosion and multi-faceted circumstellar matter of SN 2023ixf

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Singh, Avinash Teja, Rishabh Singh Moriya, Takashi J. Maeda, Keiichi Kawabata, Koji S. Tanaka, Masaomi Imazawa, Ryo Nakaoka, Tatsuya Gangopadhyay, Anjasha Yamanaka, Masayuki Swain, Vishwajeet Sahu, D.K. Anupama, G.C. Kumar, Brajesh Anche, Ramya M. Sano, Yasuo Raj, A. Agnihotri, V.K. Bhalerao, Varun Bisht, D. Bisht, M.S. Belwal, K. Chakrabarti, S.K. Fujii, Mitsugu Nagayama, Takahiro Matsumoto, Katsura Hamada, Taisei Kawabata, Miho Kumar, Amit Kumar, Ravi Malkan, Brian K. Smith, Paul Sakagami, Yuta Taguchi, Kenta Tominaga, Nozomu Watanabe, Arata Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Centre Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Department of Astronomy The Oskar Klein Center Stockholm University AlbaNova University Center StockholmSE 106 91 Sweden Indian Institute of Astrophysics II Block Koramangala Karnataka Bengaluru560034 India Pondicherry University UT of Puducherry R.V. Nagar Kalapet Pondicherry605014 India National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University ClaytonVIC3800 Australia Department of Astronomy Kyoto University Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho Sakyo-ku Kyoto606-8502 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Astronomical Institute Tohoku University Aoba Sendai980-8578 Japan Department of Physics Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Centre Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University 1-21-35 Korimoto Kagoshima Kagoshima890-0065 Japan Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai400076 India South-Western Institute for Astronomy Research Yunnan University Yunnan Kunming650504 China Steward Observatory University of Arizona 933N Cherry Avenue TucsonAZ85721 United States Observation and Data Center for Cosmosciences Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Kita-ku Sapporo-shi Hokkaido060-0810 Japan Nayoro Observatory 157-1 Nisshin Nayoro-shi Hokkaido096-0066 Japan Indian Centre for Space Physics 466 Barakhola Netai Nagar West Bengal Kolkata700099 India Cepheid Observatory India Fujii Kurosaki Observatory 4500 Kurosaki

We present a detailed investigation of photometric, spectroscopic, and polarimetric observations of the Type II SN 2023ixf. Earlier studies have provided compelling evidence for a delayed shock breakout from a confined dense circumstellar matter (CSM) enveloping the progenitor star. The temporal evolution of polarization in SN 2023ixf revealed three distinct peaks in polarization evolution at 1.4 d, 6.4 d, and 79.2 d, indicating an asymmetric dense CSM, an aspherical shock front and clumpiness in the low-density extended CSM, and an aspherical inner ejecta/He-core. SN 2023ixf displayed two dominant axes, one along the CSM-outer ejecta and the other along the inner ejecta/He-core, showcasing the independent origin of asymmetry in the early and late evolution. The argument for an aspherical shock front is further strengthened by the presence of a high-velocity broad absorption feature in the blue wing of the Balmer features in addition to the P-Cygni absorption post 16 d. Hydrodynamical light curve modeling indicated a progenitor mass of 10 M☉ with a radius of 470 R☉ and explosion energy of 2 × 1051 erg, along with 0.06 M☉ of 56 Ni, though these properties are not unique due to modeling degeneracies. The modeling also indicated a two-zone CSM: a confined dense CSM extending up to 5×1014 cm, with a mass-loss rate of 10−2 M☉ yr−1 and an extended CSM spanning from 5×1014 cm to at least 1016 cm with a mass-loss rate of 10−4 M☉ yr−1, both assuming a wind-velocity of 10 km s−1. The early nebular phase observations display an axisymmetric line profile of [O I], red-ward attenuation of the emission of Hα post 125 days and flattening in the Ks-band marking the onset of dust formation. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supernovae

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Reverse application of the Andrews protocol for assessing risks in a hypothetical nuclear accident

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Nuclear Engineering and Design 2025年 441卷

作者： Angelica C. Nogueira Hugo F. Menossi Rafael M. Hespanhol Andre C. Tavares Rodrigo C. Curzio Tercio Brum Edson R. Andrade Nuclear Engineering Graduate Program Military Institute of Engineering (IME) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE) São Paulo Brazil Engineering Department Charleston Southern University North Charleston SC USA Herschend School of Education Gordon College Wenham MA USA Defense Engineering Graduate Program Military Institute of Engineering (IME) Rio de Janeiro Brazil University of Brasilia (UnB) Faculty of Science and Technology in Engineering Gama Distrito Federal Brazil Institute of Advanced Studies (IEAv) Brazilian Air Force São Paulo Brazil

This study introduces a novel approach to assessing radiobiological damage by employing an inverted version of the classical Andrews protocol (or Andrews nomogram) within the context of nuclear accidents. The methodology consists of two stages of computational simulation: The first stage simulates the release of radioactive materials from a pressurized water reactor (PWR), concentrating on scenarios of operational instability. In contrast, the second stage utilizes HotSpot Health Physics software to model the environmental dispersion of these materials. By estimating Total Effective Dose Equivalents (TEDE) at various locations and under different atmospheric stability conditions, we reverse the traditional sequence of the Andrews nomogram, which typically estimates lymphocyte counts based on radiation dose exposure. This innovative framework facilitates the development of a TEDE versus a Count curve, thereby enhancing the ability to anticipate the health implications following radiological incidents. The results highlight the importance of accurate modeling in predicting biological effects on populations exposed to radioactive releases and provide a tool to support responses and help design coping strategies enhancing the situational awareness of healthcare teams in nuclear emergencies.

关键词： Andrews curves Computational simulation Nuclear accident Response support

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Peer-to-Peer Interpretability and Communication: Simple Language Design Using Model-Based Systems Engineering with Lifecycle-Oriented Strategies and Innovative Practices for Career Readiness

Peer-to-Peer Interpretability and Communication: Simple Lang...

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Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference

作者： Lena Spiller Etahe Johnson LaKeisha Harris Tiara Cornelius Bede Nnebedum Weiwei Zhu-Stone Theresa Queenan Marea De Koning Willie L. Brown Dinesha Sharma Urban Wiggins Roland Wescott Ibibia Dabipi Lanju Mei Jason Cornelius Enrique M. Jackson Lei Zhang Cynthia Cravens Rasheed Graham Laurence Price-Webb Department of Engineering and Aviation Sciences University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne Maryland USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Technology University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne Maryland USA Dean of Graduate Studies University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne Maryland USA Department of Mathematics University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne Maryland USA Director of Career Services University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne Maryland USA Engineering and Natural Sciences Automation Technology and Mechanical Engineering Tampere University Tampere Finland Vice Provost for Faculty Affairs University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne Maryland USA Department of Business Management and Accounting University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne Maryland USA Vice Provost for Decision Science and Visualization University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne Maryland USA Wallops Flight Facility Goddard Space Flight Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Wallops Island Virginia USA Marshall Space Flight Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Huntsville Alabama USA Department of English and Modem Language University of Maryland Eastern Shore Princess Anne Maryland USA Chief Technology Officer Norsou360 Fort Lauderdale Florida USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350351507

ISBN: (纸本)9798350363067

This work in progress examines how outcomes and solutions from peer-to-peer engineering education can propel innovative practices to address gaps in industry requirements and design specifications with simple language. Engineering education often grapples with understanding activities and their practical applications, prompting the need for innovative approaches. Peer-to-peer learning emerges as a solution, offering opportunities to apply model-based systems engineering (MBSE) concepts to environmental conditions and delve into relevant industry requirements and design specifications. These learning outcomes encompass the necessity to foster sustainability in innovation processes and collaborative team approaches for analysis. The framework considers functional outcomes, assessing environmental conditions, attributes, and lifecycle relationships while emphasizing innovative approaches. The peer-to-peer learning environment prioritizes engineering and educational outcomes, cultivating a mindset for setting requirement objectives and roadmaps, considering constraints and conditions, and evaluating peer-to-peer findings against established innovative practices. Consequently, implementing strategies to explain life cycle-oriented designed industry requirements can acknowledge norms, expectations, and formalities, ensuring effective functioning within a peer-to-peer learning context. Process communication design standards align with peer-to-peer workplaces' values, promoting learning and performance lifecycle-oriented designation through recommended analysis methodologies. In this study, a multidisciplinary team of STEM learners spanning engineering, aviation, aerospace, business, and non-STEM disciplines designed how relationships are determined by categorizing business and system use cases. By mapping out these relationships, learners gain enhanced insights into industry requirements for career development. The study focuses on developing career strategies for success

关键词： Industries Technological innovation Engineering profession Collaboration Peer-to-peer computing Stakeholders Engineering education Sustainable development Modeling Hip

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Z-Bar Shoeing Demonstrates Potential for Long-Term Foot Pain Management during an Exercise Training Regimen in a Show Jumping Pony with Uniaxial Palmar Pain

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Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine 2022年第0期2022卷 8468403页

作者： Sanigavatee, Kanokpan Poochipakorn, Chanoknun Charoenchanikran, Ponlakrit Joongpan, Weena Chanda, Metha Veterinary Clinical Studies Program The Graduate School Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus Nakhon Pathom Thailand 29th Cavalry Squadron Royal Horse Guard King's Guard 2nd Cavalry Brigade Royal Thai Army Bangkok Thailand Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-Ok Chonburi Thailand Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Science Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus Nakhon Pathom Thailand

Z-bar shoeing has been implemented to relieve uniaxial palmar pain arising from the structures in the affected region. However, there have been no reports on the long-term application of the z-bar shoe during exercise training regimens. A 10-year-old mixed-breed show jumping pony presented with an occasional short stride and abnormal rhythm while turning during routine exercise for three months. Gait analysis conducted by trotting off on both hard and soft surfaces showed no lameness in the straight line on both types of surfaces. However, right forelimb lameness was detected with moderate and slight pain accompanying hard surface lunging in clockwise and counterclockwise directions, respectively. Sequential examination of uniaxial perineural anaesthesia confirmed that the pony suffered from medial palmar pain on the right foreleg. Mild distal border irregularity of the navicular bone was also observed radiographically. The z-bar shoe was designed relative to the palmar digital anaesthesia and subsequently applied on the lame leg. The pony demonstrated a marked reduction in lameness severity immediately post-Z-bar shoeing. Physical exercise was resumed a few days after the shoeing practice. The pony underwent routine exercise training while continuously fitting with the Z-bar shoe for 24 weeks without recurrent lameness or complications. Application of z-bar shoe showed the potential for long-term foot pain management during an exercise training regimen in a show jumping pony with uniaxial palmar pain. © 2022 Kanokpan Sanigavatee et al.

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The ALMA-QUARKS Survey.Ⅰ.Survey Description and Data Reduction

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第2期24卷 104-124页

作者：刘训川 Tie Liu Lei Zhu Guido Garay Hong-Li Liu Paul Goldsmith Neal Evans Kee-Tae Kim Sheng-Yuan Liu Fengwei Xu Xing Lu Anandmayee Tej Xiaofeng Mai Leonardo Bronfman Shanghuo Li Diego Mardones Amelia Stutz Ken'ichi Tatematsu Ke Wang Qizhou Zhang Sheng-Li Qin Jianwen Zhou Qiuyi Luo Siju Zhang Yu Cheng Jinhua He Qilao Gu Ziyang Li Zhenying Zhang Suinan Zhang Anindya Saha Lokesh Dewangan Patricio Sanhueza Zhiqiang Shen Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de ChileLas Condes7591245 SantiagoChile School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology4800 Oak Grove DrivePasadena CA 91109USA Department of Astronomy The University of Texas at AustinTX 78712-1205USA Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34055Republic of Korea Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia SinicaRoosevelt RoadTaipei 10617China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Astronomy School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram 695547KeralaIndia Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17D-69117 HeidelbergGermany Departamento de Astronomía Universidad de ConcepciónCasilla 160-CConcepciónChile Nobeyama Radio Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of JapanNational Institutes of Natural Sciences462-2 NobeyamaMinamimakiMinamisakuNagano 384-1305Japan Center for Astrophysics∣Harvard&Smithsonian 60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie Auf dem Hügel 69D-53125 BonnGermany School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo181-8588Japan Yunnan Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650216China Physical Research Laboratory NavrangpuraAhmedabad-380009India Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAI2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan University of Science and Technology Korea(UST)217 Gajeong-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34113Republic o

This paper presents an overview of the QUARKS survey,which stands for Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALMA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures."The QUARKS survey is observing139 massive clumps covered by 156 pointings at Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array(ALMA)Band 6(λ~1.3 mm).In conjunction with data obtained from the ALMA-ATOMS survey at Band 3(λ~3 mm),QUARKS aims to carry out an unbiased statistical investigation of massive star formation process within protoclusters down to a scale of 1000 *** overview paper describes the observations and data reduction of the QUARKS survey,and gives a first look at an exemplar source,the mini-starburst Sgr B2(M).The wide-b and width(7.5 GHz)and high-angular-resolution(~0."3)observations of the QUARKS survey allow for the resolution of much more compact cores than those could be done by the ATOMS survey,and to detect previously unrevealed fainter filamentary *** spectral windows cover transitions of species including CO,SO,N_(2)D^(+),SiO,H_(30)α,H_(2)CO,CH_(3)CN,and many other complex organic molecules,tracing gas components with different temperatures and spatial *** aims to deepen our understanding of several scientific topics of massive star formation,such as the mass transport within protoclusters by(hub-)filamentary structures,the existence of massive starless cores,the physical and chemical properties of dense cores within protoclusters,and the feedback from already formed high-mass young protostars.

关键词： stars formation-stars kinematics and dynamics-ISM clouds-ISM molecules

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On-body non-invasive glucose monitoring sensor based on high figure of merit (FoM) surface plasmonic microwave resonator

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Scientific reports 2023年第1期13卷 17527页

作者： Farzad Soltanian Mehdi Nosrati Saleh Mobayen Chuan-Chun Li Telung Pan Ming-Ta Ke Paweł Skruch Department of Electrical Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Canada. Department of Electrical Engineering Manhattan College New York USA. Department of Electrical Engineering University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran. mobayens@yuntech.edu.tw. Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou 640301 Yunlin Taiwan. mobayens@yuntech.edu.tw. National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch Yunlin Taiwan. a***@***. Bachelor Program in Interdisciplinary Studies College of Future National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin 64002 Taiwan. Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Douliou 640301 Yunlin Taiwan. Department of Automatic Control and Robotics AGH University of Science and Technology 30-059 Kraków Poland.

High-figure of merit (FoM) plasmonic microwave resonator is researched as a non-invasive on-body sensor to monitor the human body's blood glucose variation rate in adults for biomedical applications, e.g., diabetic patients. The resonance frequencies of the proposed sensor are measured to be around [Formula: see text] GHz and [Formula: see text] GHz over the frequency band of DC to 6GHz which are suitable for monitoring interstitial fluid (ISF) changing rate. The [Formula: see text] sensor is experimentally wrapped on the human body arm to monitor the blood glucose changing rate via amplitude and frequency variations of the sensor. Amplitude variation and frequency shift are measured to be around 7 dB and 30 MHz, respectively. The measured results demonstrate the high precision of the proposed approach to depict a valid diagram for glucose changing rate due to good impedance matching of the designed microwave sensor and human body. The sensor is shown to enhance the sensitivity by a factor of 5 compared to the conventional ones.

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Costs of photosynthesis and cellular remodeling in trophic transitions of the unicellular red alga Galdieria partita

Communications biology

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Communications biology 2025年第1期8卷 891页

作者： Shota Yamashita Shunsuke Hirooka Takayuki Fujiwara Baifeng Zhou Fumi Yagisawa Kei Tamashiro Hiroki Murakami Koichiro Awai Shin-Ya Miyagishima Department of Gene Function and Phenomics National Institute of Genetics Shizuoka Japan. yamashii@nig.ac.jp. Department of Gene Function and Phenomics National Institute of Genetics Shizuoka Japan. Genetics Program Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Shizuoka Japan. Research Facility Center University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan. Integrated Technology Center University of the Ryukyus Okinawa Japan. Faculty of Global Interdisciplinary Science and Innovation Shizuoka University Shizuoka Japan. Faculty of Science Shizuoka University Shizuoka Japan. Department of Gene Function and Phenomics National Institute of Genetics Shizuoka Japan. smiyagis@nig.ac.jp. Genetics Program Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) Shizuoka Japan. smiyagis@nig.ac.jp.

As in plastid differentiation in land plants, some unicellular algae reversibly remodel photosynthetic plastids into a colorless heterotrophic state (bleaching) in the presence of organic carbon sources. To understand these mechanisms and their significance, we performed comparative omics analyses on the photoautotrophic and heterotrophic states and their transitions in the genetically tractable red alga Galdieria partita. Photoautotrophic cells require 1.5, 1.3 and 1.7 times more nitrogen, protein, and fatty acids than heterotrophic cells. In the photoautotrophic cells, plastid- and nucleus-encoded proteins for photosynthesis are highly synthesized, while in the heterotrophic state, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins are more abundant, enabling 1.6 times faster growth. Changes in non-plastid metabolic enzymes are limited, with some upregulated in the photoautotrophic state to support fatty acid and glycolipid synthesis in the plastid for thylakoid membranes. In contrast, solute transporters show broader changes. Bleaching occurs upon adding certain sugars or sugar alcohols, regardless of light, not by active digestion of photosynthetic machinery, but by dilution due to suppressed synthesis at the transcriptional level and faster cell growth. Thus, when assimilable organic carbon is available, the cells repress the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and pigments for photosynthesis, reallocating resources to promote faster growth.

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