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Nature 2009年第7232期457卷 960-961页

作者： Atsushi Sunami Kiyoshi Kurokawa Atsushi Sunami is director of the science and technology programme and associate professor at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies in Tokyo sunami-atsushi@grips.ac.jp Kiyoshi Kurokawa is a former special adviser to Japan's prime minister and a professor at the same institution.

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Triglycerides constituted of short and medium chain fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids in Momordica charantia, as well as capric acid, inhibit PGE₂ production in RAW264.7 macrophages

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Food Chemistry 2009年第2期117卷 306-311页

作者： Wu, Wen-Huey Lin, Bi-Yu Kuo, Yueh-Hsiung Huang, Ching-jang Graduate Program of Nutrition Department of Human Development and Family Studies National Taiwan Normal University Taipei 106 162 Sec. 1 Hoping E. Rd Taiwan Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine College of Pharmacy China Medical University Taichung 404 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd Taiwan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center Academia Sinica Taipei 115 Taiwan Department of Biochemical Science and Technology Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry National Taiwan University Taipei 106 1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Rd Taiwan

This study was aimed to identify compounds in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) ethyl acetate extract (EAE), which inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW264.7 cells. Bitter gourd... 详细信息

This study was aimed to identify compounds in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) ethyl acetate extract (EAE), which inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) production in RAW264.7 cells. Bitter gourd EAE was partitioned between n-hexane and methanol/H₂O (90/10). The hexane fraction was further separated by repeated silica gel chromatographies, and a reverse phase (RP) C18 chromatography. Fraction RP-10 showed the highest inhibition effect on PGE₂ production (Max inhibition = 96%, IC₅₀ = 2.3 μg/ml) and was identified to be triglycerides constituted of short and medium chain fatty acids by ¹H NMR, IR and H-HCOSY, and dicarboxylic acids by GC/MS. Fatty acids with 3-20 carbons were tested for the inhibitory activity, and capric acid exhibited the highest effect (Max inhibition = 99%, IC₅₀ = 6.5 μM). In conclusion, triglycerides composed of short and medium chain fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids in bitter gourd inhibit PGE₂ production, and capric acid is the most potent inhibitor among the fatty acids. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bitter gourd Capric acid Macrophages Momordica charantia Prostaglandin E2

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Expectancies and Mental Models as Determinants of Adolescents' Smoking Decisions

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Journal of Social Issues 2010年第1期53卷 35-52页

作者： Donald W. Hine Craig Summers Kate Tilleczek John Lewko Centre for Research in Human Development Laurentian University DONALD W. HINE is a senior research associate with the Centre for Research in Human Development at Laurentian University. Dr. Hine's research interests include: applied decision making risk perceptions resource management mining safety and adolescent risk behavior. He has published several articles on cognitive factors that mediate harvest behavior in common dilemmas risk perceptions related to the disposal of low-level and high-level nuclear waste and the relationship between the physical environment and substance misuse. CRAIG SUMMERS is an Associate Professor in Psychology at Laurentian University. He has published recent articles on risk perception and decision traps inPeace and Conflict Current Research on Peace and Violence Perception and Psycho- physics Cortex Behavioral Brain Science Ethics and Behavior andBehavior Research Methods Instruments and Computers. KATE TILLECZEK currently teaches “The Adolescent and Society” in the Department of Sociology at Laurentian University. Her research interests include healthy transitions of adolescents into adulthood including: school to work transitions adolescent career choice designing developmentally appropriate secondary schools student participation in educational change innovations such as school councils and understanding risk behaviors in social context. She has co-authored a policy document for the Premier's Council on Health Well-Being and Social Justice on “Transition Aged Youth” and a chapter in Learning and Sociological Profiles of Canadian High School Students on high school dropouts. JOHN LEWKO is the director of the Centre for Research in Human Development at Laurentian University and a Full Professor in the Child and Development Studies graduate program. He has expertise in adolescent risk behavior social policy and health promotion.

Cigarette smoking has been identified as the single most preventable source of mortality and morbidity in the United States. Experimentation with tobacco typically begins in adolescence, and smoking during this period is one of the strongest and most consistent predictors of adult smoking status. In the present paper, we review several prominent decision models that have been applied to adolescent smoking, and point out important limitations of these models. We then propose a new process-oriented framework of decision-making based on the concept of mental models, and discuss the implications of this framework for developing effective smoking prevention and cessation interventions for adolescents.

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The effectiveness of silver-releasing dressings in the management of non-healing chronic wounds: A meta-analysis

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Journal of Clinical Nursing 2009年第5期18卷 716-728页

作者： Lo, Shu-Fen Chang, Chee-Jen Hu, Wen-Yu Hayter, Mark Chang, Yu-Ting Department of Nursing Tzu Chi College of Technology and Doctoral Program Student National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chang Gung University Taoyuan Taiwan School of Nursing Science College of Medicine and Hospital National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Centre for Health and Social Care Studies and Service Development School of Nursing and Midwifery University of Sheffield Sheffield United Kingdom Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science Chang Gung University Kwei-Shan Tao-Yuan 333 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road Taiwan

Aim. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of silver-releasing dressings in the management of non-healing chronic wounds. Background. Non-healing chronic wounds often have a negative physical impact on patients and place a financial burden on healthcare systems. Silver dressings are wound products designed to control infection and provide a wound environment conducive to healing. However, validation of the clinical efficacy of these dressings is lacking. Design. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods. A systematic search of the major electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, MEDLINE, British Nursing Index, EBSCO, OCLC and Proquest between 1950-June 2007 was conducted. Hand searches of selected periodicals, textbooks and checking reference lists and contacting experts was also performed. Results. Eight studies were selected from a potentially relevant 1957 references screened. Analysis incorporated data from 1399 participants in the eight randomised control trials. We found that silver dressings significantly improved wound healing (CI₉₅: 0·16-0·39, p < 0·001), reduced odour (CI₉₅: 0·24-0·52, p < 0·001) and pain-related symptoms (CI₉₅: 0·18-0·47, p < 0·001), decreased wound exudates (CI₉₅: 0·17- 0·44, p < 0·001) and had a prolonged dressing wear time (CI₉₅: 0·19-0·48, p = 0·028) when compared with alternative wound management approaches. An analysis of sensitivity in these studies by subgroup analysis generally supported these associations. Furthermore, studies indicated an improvement in quality of life (CI ₉₅: 0·04-0·33, p = 0·013) using silver dressings in wound management with no associated severe adverse events. Conclusion. This meta-analysis confirms the effectiveness of silver dressings in wound healing and improving patients' quality of life. However, it also highlights the need for additional well-designed randomised controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of

关键词： Clinical effectiveness Meta-analysis Nurses Nursing Review Wound care

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Women and technology: Reversing the Trends of Attrition and Obtaining a Balance

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Women's studies 2008年第3期37卷 173-175页

作者： Leroy, Gondy gondy.leroy@cgu.edu Tolle, Kristin M. Perkins, Linda Assistant Professor School of Information Systems and Technology Claremont Graduate University Claremont California USA Program Manager for Biomedical Computing External Research @ Microsoft Research Redmond Washington USA University Associate Professor and Director of Applied Women''s Studies Claremont Graduate University Claremont California USA

The article discusses various reports published within the issue including one by Louise Soe and Elaine K. Yakura on women's attrition from technical fields of work, and another by Indira Guzman and Jeffrey M. Sta... 详细信息

关键词： WOMEN in technology EQUALITY in the workplace

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"To love the wind and the rain": African Americans and environmental history.

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technology AND CULTURE 2007年第1期48卷 200-201页

作者： Allen, Barbara L. Director Graduate Program in Science and Technology Studies Virginia Tech''s National Capital Region Campus

The emergence of environmental history as a distinct field during the last few decades—essentially as a post–Earth Day discipline—has produced a rich array of research. This scholarship has often been politically charged, even passionate. While the field has expanded to encompass regions beyond the United States and to examine environmental issues of Native Americans and women, comparatively little has been written about African Americans. So it is that "To Love the Wind and the Rain" is a welcome addition to the literature.

关键词： HUMAN ecology HISTORY NONFICTION

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BOOK REVIEWS

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Asian Anthropology 2008年第1期7卷 135-177页

作者： ZHOU Yongming[a] WANG Danning[b] LIANG Yongjia[c] CHIAO Chien[d] LIU Tik-sang[e] Millie CREIGHTON[f] Glenda S. ROBERTS[g] Paul FESTA[h] Gordon MATHEWS[i] Andrew MACNAUGHTON[j] Michael L. TAN[k] A. Baer[l] & Md. Saiful Islam[m] [a] University of Wisconsin-Madison E-mail: [b] Department of Anthropology Chinese University of Hong Kong E-mail: [c] China University Political Science and Law Beijing E-mail: [d] Shih Hsin University Taiwan E-mail: [e] Division of Humanities and Director of the South China Research Center Hong Kong University of Science and Technology E-mail: [f] Department of Anthropology Executive Board of the Centre for Japanese Research University of British Columbia E-mail: [g] Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies Waseda University E-mail: [h] Department of Sociology Hong Kong University E-mail: [i] Chinese University of Hong Kong E-mail: [j] Department of Japanese Studies School of Modern Languages and Cultures The University of Hong Kong E-mail: [k] University of the Philippines Diliman Quezon City Philippines E-mail: [l] Departments of Zoology and History Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA E-mail: [m] Department of Development Studies University of Dhaka Bangladesh E-mail:

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Primates in Peril: The World's 25 most endangered primates 20082010

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Primate Conservation 2009年第1期24卷 1-57页

作者： Mittermeier, Russell A. Wallis, Janette Rylands, Anthony B. Ganzhorn, Jörg U. Oates, John F. Williamson, Elizabeth A. Palacios, Erwin Heymann, Eckhard W. Kierulff, M. Cecília M. Yongcheng, Long Supriatna, Jatna Roos, Christian Walker, Sally Cortés-Ortiz, Liliana Schwitzer, Christoph Bearder, Simon K. Bergl, Richard Bracebridge, Claire E. Brockelman, Warren Y. Butynski, Thomas M. Cornejo, Fanny M. Das, Jayantha Davenport, Tim R. B. De Luca, Daniela W. DeLuycker, Anneke M. Dolch, Rainer Hai, Dong Thanh Dunn, Andrew Peng-Fei, Fan Geissman, Thomas Guillen, Rosamira Long, Ha Thang Honess, Paul E. Islam, Awar Johnson, Steig Jones, Trevor Lamilla, Iader Larney, Eileen Quyet, Le Khac Sanchez, Karmele Llano Yoncheng, Long Louis Jr., Edward E. MacHaga, Sophy J. Martin, Sara K. Mbora, David McGraw, W. Scott Moisson, Pierre Molur, Sanjay Morales-Jiménez, Alba Lucia Morgan, Bethan Mpunga, Noah E. Nadler, Tilo Nekaris, K. Anna I. Nicholas, Aaron Nijman, Vincent Nkembi, Louis Pacheco, Victor Paciulli, Lisa M. Patel, Erik R. Perkin, Andrew Thuc, Phan Duy Quintana, Heidi Rabarivola, Clment J. Rafaliarison, Radoniana R. Raffel, Martina Ralainasolo, Fidimalala Randriatahina, Guy H. Ratsimbazafy, Jonah Ravoarimanana, Iary B. Rudran, Rasanayagam Rumpler, Yves Salim, Agus Savage, Anne Schrudde, Daniela Schwitzer, Nora Shekelle, Myron Singleton, Ian Soto, Luis Stevens, Nancy Sunderland-Groves, Jacqueline Thorn, James S. Urbani, Bernardo Volampeno, Sylviane N. M. Wanasinghe, Ananda Warren, Ymke Weerakoon, Kanchana Werre, J. Lodewijk Wich, Serge A. Winarti, Indah Wright, Patricia C. Andriamaharoa, Hubert Zaramody, Alphonse Carretero-Pinzon, Xyomara Ruiz-Garcia, Manuel Defler, Thomas R. Missouri Botanical Garden Research and Conservation Madagascar Program Antananarivo 101 B.P. 3391 Madagascar Department of Anthropology School of Social Science and Law Oxford Brookes University Oxford 0X3 OBP United Kingdom North Carolina Zoological Park Asheboro NC 27205 4401 Zoo Parkway United States Wildlife Conservation Society Mbeya PO Box 1475 Tanzania Applied Ecology Group Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester Ml 5GD Chester Street United Kingdom Center for Conservation Biology Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development Mahidol University Salaya Nakhon Pathom 73170 Phuttthamon-thon 4 Road Thailand Bioko Biodiversity Protection Program Drexel University 10400 Nanyuki PO Box 149 Kenya Museo de Historia Natural Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Lima 11 Av. Arenales 1256 Peru Museum of Zoology Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-1079 138 Museums Annex 1109 Geddes Avenue United States Wildlife Areas Development and Welfare Trust Guwahati Assam 781 001 M.G. Road India Department of Anthropology Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 United States Prolemur Research Project Association Mitsinjo Andasibe Madagascar Department of Wildlife Management Faculty of Forest Resources and Environmental Management Vietnam Forestry Uiversity Xuan Mai Chuong My Hanoi Viet Nam Wildlife Conservation Society Calabar Cross River State GPO Box 796 Nigeria Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Jingdong Nature Reserve Management Bureau Jingdong China Institute of Zoology Ecology and Conservation 20146 Hamburg Martin Luther King Platz 3 Germany Anthropological Institute University Zurich-Irchel CH-8057 Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 Switzerland Fundacion Proyecto Titi Barranquilla Carrera 56 # 68-85 Colombia Wildlife Research

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Abstracts for the 6th Congress of Asian Sleep Research Society

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Sleep and Biological Rhythms 2009年第4期7卷 A1-A49页

作者： Seog Ju Kim In Kyoon Lyoo Yu-Jin Lee Do-Un Jeong Hirohiko Kanai Masanori Ookubo Atsushi Yoshimura Masako Okawa Noto Yamada Takeshi Munezawa Yoshitaka Kaneita Yoneatsu Osaki Hideyuki Kanda Tadahiro Ohtsu Masumi Minowa Kenji Suzuki Susumu Hijuchi Hiroyuki Suzuki Takashi Ohida Takashi Abe Yoko Komada Shoichi Asaoka Yuichi Inoue Jin-Seong Lee Sang-Yong Cho Deependra Kumar Hruda N. Mallick Velayudhan M. Kumar Mahesh K. Kaushik Akihiro Karashima Noiihiro Katayama Mitsuyuki Nakao Ravindra P. Nagendra Sathiamma Sulekha Sathyaprabha T. Narasappa Pradhan Nityanadan Bindu M. Kutty M. Nirmala P. N. Ravindra Basavaraj Ramappa Tubaki T. N. Sathyaprabha D. Sudhakar G. S. Lavekar C. R. Chandrashekar Kazuyoshi Kitaoka Mika Shimizu Sachiko Chikahisa Kazuo Yoshizaki Hiroyoshi Sei Jong-Won Kim Misa Takegami Shin Yamazaki Yasuaki Hayashino Rei Ono Koji Otani Miho Sekiguchi Shinichi Konno Shunichi Fukuhara Antonia J. Jakobson Paul Fitzgerald Russell Conduit Xin Shirley Li Siu Ping Joyce Lam Wai Man Mandy Yu Yun Kwok Wing Kazue Okamoto-Mizuno Koh Mizuno Mituaki Yamamoto Shuichiro Shirakawa Hirokazu Doi Mikako Kato Kazuyuki Shinohara Masako Tamaki Shiori Matsuda Katsuo Yamazaki Tadao Hori Keiko Ogawa Kazumi Takahashi Kunio Kitahama Katuo Yamazaki Yoshimasa Koyama Kohei Shioda Yugo Ueda Yukiko Nakamura Clara Inoue Kazushige Goto Sunao Uchida Yuko Morita Yoshiko Honda Tohru Kodama Mari Hagihara Toru Nakajima Masato Saito Yoshihiko Koga Shinichiro Tanaka Hiroshi Yamadera Madoka Takahara Sachiko Suwa Minoru Onozuka Sadao Sato Fumiharu Togo Taiki Komatsu Takeshi Mitani Jongbae Choi Bin Zhang Taeko Sasai Hiromi Mitsubayashi Mitsuhiro Ohtsu Isao Hasegawa Tatsuya Ishii Akira Komori Asami Suzuki Yue Nakahara Mitsuyasu Hiroki Mariko Nakauma Nobuo Someya Tomomasa Ochiai Shouhei Komori Rayleigh Ping-Ying Chiang Zai-Ting Yeh Seong T. Kim Seung H. Yoon Jeong S. Kwon Jong H. Choi Hyung J. Ahn Youngsoo Kim Bolortuya Yunren Lichao Chen Radhika Basheer Robert W. Mccarley Robert E. Strecker Makoto Honda Tetsuaki Arai Miyuki Fukazawa Yutaka Honda Kuniaki T Department of Psychiatry Gachon University of Medicine and Science Incheon Republic of Korea Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Neuropsychiatry and Center for Sleep and Chronobiology Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Neuropsychiatry Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea Seoul National University Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Psychiatry Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu Japan Division of Public Health Department of Social Medicine Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Department of Public Health Nihon University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Division of Environmental and Preventive Medicine Department of Social Medicine Faculty of Medicine Tottori University Yonago Japan Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan Department of Public Health Showa University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan Faculty of Humanities Seitoku University Matsudo Japan Section on Behavioral Science Division of Clinical Research National Hospital Organization Kurihama Alcoholism Center Yokosuka Japan Department of Otolaryngology Second Hospital Fujita Health University Nagoya Japan National Hospital Organization Kurihama Alcoholism Center Kanagawa Japan Metropolitan Police Department Criminal Investigation Laboratory Tokyo Japan Japan Somnology Center Neuropsychiatrie Research Institute Tokyo Japan Department of Somnology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo Japan Japan Somnology Center Neuropsychiatric Research Institute Tokyo Japan Department of Somnology Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan Center for Sleep and Chronobiology Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Center for Sleep and Chronobiology Seoul Republic of Korea Department of Physiology Al

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Interpreting cabinet approval ratings by neural networks

Interpreting cabinet approval ratings by neural networks

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IASTED International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications, AIA 2007

作者： Kamimura, Ryotaro Yoshida, Fumihiko Kitajima, Ryozo Information Science Laboratory Information Technology Center Tokai University 1117 Kitakaname Hiratsuka Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan Department of Media Studies Tokai University 1117 Kitakaname Hiratsuka Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan Graduate Program in Computer Sciences Tokai University 1117 Kitakaname Hiratsuka Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9780889866317

In this paper, we try to estimate Japan's cabinet approval ratings by using neural networks. In addition, we try to extract the important features in input patterns. This is the first attempt to use neural networks and to interpret the mechanism of inference for approval estimation in a comprehensive way. Experimental results show that neural networks have much better performance than that obtained by the standard regression analysis in terms of training and testing errors. The information loss analysis reveals that the first variable, that is, the previous ratings should play the most important role in inference. Though the experimental result here shown is a preliminary one, it certainly suggests a possibility of the automatic inference of cabinet approval ratings.

关键词： Feature extraction

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