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Transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education: Emerging Era of AI Chatbots

Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical systems 2024年第1期4卷 19-23页

作者： Gill, Sukhpal Singh Xu, Minxian Patros, Panos Wu, Huaming Kaur, Rupinder Kaur, Kamalpreet Fuller, Stephanie Singh, Manmeet Arora, Priyansh Parlikad, Ajith Kumar Stankovski, Vlado Abraham, Ajith Ghosh, Soumya K. Lutfiyya, Hanan Kanhere, Salil S. Bahsoon, Rami Rana, Omer Dustdar, Schahram Sakellariou, Rizos Uhlig, Steve Buyya, Rajkumar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China Raygun Performance Monitoring Wellington New Zealand Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University Tianjin China Department of Science Kings Education London United Kingdom Cymax Group Technologies BC Canada QM Academy Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTX United States Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Pune India Microsoft Hyderabad India Institute for Manufacturing Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Machine Intelligence Research Labs AuburnWA United States Faculty of Computing and Data Science FLAME University Maharashtra Pune India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London Canada Sydney Australia School of Computer Science University of Birmingham United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester United Kingdom Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

ChatGPT, an AI-based chatbot, offers coherent and useful replies based on analysis of large volumes of data. In this article, leading academics, scientists, distinguish researchers and engineers discuss the transformative effects of ChatGPT on modern education. This research discusses ChatGPT capabilities and its use in the education sector, identifies potential concerns and challenges. Our preliminary evaluation shows that ChatGPT perform differently in different subject areas including finance, coding, maths, and general public queries. While ChatGPT has the ability to help educators by creating instructional content, offering suggestions and acting as an online educator to learners by answering questions, transforming education through smartphones and IoT gadgets, and promoting group work, there are clear drawbacks in its use, such as the possibility of producing inaccurate or false data and circumventing duplicate content (plagiarism) detectors where originality is essential. The often reported "hallucinations" within GenerativeAI in general, and also relevant for ChatGPT, can render its use of limited benefit where accuracy is essential. What ChatGPT lacks is a stochastic measure to help provide sincere and sensitive communication with its users. Academic regulations and evaluation practices used in educational institutions need to be updated, should ChatGPT be used as a tool in education. To address the transformative effects of ChatGPT on the learning environment, educating teachers and students alike about its capabilities and limitations will be crucial. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Machine learning

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Software-defined event-based camera and vision algorithms for digitizing highly dynamic manufacturing tasks

Software-defined event-based camera and vision algorithms fo...

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2024 Low-Cost Digital Solutions for Industrial Automation, LoDiSA 2024

作者： Walker, Emily Turner, Christopher J. Oyekan, John Department of Automatic Control & Systems Engineering The University of Sheffield SheffieldS1 3JD United Kingdom Surrey Business School The University of Surrey Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom Real Time & Distributed Systems Group Department of Computer Science University of York Heslington YorkYO10 5GH United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781837242672

Event-based cameras are inspired by the way the retina in the eye process information. Rather than capturing image frames at a constant rate, event cameras generate data asynchronously, based on changes in pixel value between frames. As a result, these cameras have a high spatiotemporal accuracy, low power constraints and reduced artefacts from motion blur. Hence, they represent favourable properties for digitizing highly dynamic manufacturing tasks such as machine vibrations and rapid human assembly actions. However, the costs of event-based cameras are prohibitively high for small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs). In this research, we present the development of a rig that combines low-cost visual sensors with low-cost algorithms to perform action recognition for highly dynamic manual manufacturing tasks. We applied our algorithms to achieve an action classification system via a novel threshold-based approach and in parallel use a neural network to perform classification of objects in the video feed. The results achieved demonstrated that our approach was able to successfully identify various rapid manual tasks being performed on identified objects. In addition to SMEs, our approach would be suited for providing low-cost digitization on legacy machines. © This is an open access article published by the IET under the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://***/licenses/by/3.0/).

关键词： Machine vibrations

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Cross-Language Speech Emotion Recognition Using Multimodal Dual Attention Transformers

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Zaidi, Syed Aun Muhammad Latif, Siddique Qadir, Junaid USQ Australia Distributed Sensing Systems Group Data61 CSIRO Australia Computer Science and Engineering Department College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar

Despite the recent progress in speech emotion recognition (SER), state-of-the-art systems are unable to achieve improved performance in cross-language settings. In this paper, we propose a Multimodal Dual Attention Transformer (MDAT) model to improve cross-language SER. Our model utilises pretrained models for multimodal feature extraction and is equipped with a dual attention mechanism including graph attention and co-attention to capture complex dependencies across different modalities and achieve improved cross-language SER results using minimal target language data. In addition, our model also exploits a transformer encoder layer for high-level feature representation to improve emotion classification accuracy. In this way, MDAT performs refinement of feature representation at various stages and provides emotional salient features to the classification layer. This novel approach also ensures the preservation of modality-specific emotional information while enhancing cross-modality and cross-language interactions. We assess our model's performance on four publicly available SER datasets and establish its superior effectiveness compared to recent approaches and baseline models. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Emotion Recognition

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High-Level Metrics for Service Level objective-aware Autoscaling in Polaris: a Performance Evaluation

High-Level Metrics for Service Level Objective-aware Autosca...

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IEEE International Conference on Fog and Edge Computing (ICFEC)

作者： Nicolò Bartelucci Paolo Bellavista Thomas Pusztai Andrea Morichetta Schahram Dustdar Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Bologna Bologna Italy Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria

With the increasing complexity, requirements, and variability of cloud services, it is not always easy to find the right static/dynamic thresholds for the optimal configuration of low-level metrics for autoscaling resource management decisions. A Service Level objective (SLO) is a high-level commitment to maintaining a specific state of a service in a given period, within a Service Level Agreement (SLA): the goal is to respect a given metric, like uptime or response time within given time or accuracy constraints. In this paper, we show the advantages and present the progress of an original SLO-aware autoscaler for the Polaris framework. In addition, the paper contributes to the literature in the field by proposing novel experimental results comparing the Polaris autoscaling performance, based on highlevel latency SLO, and the performance of a low-level average CPU-based SLO, implemented by the Kubernetes Horizontal Pod Autoscaler.

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PupilRec: Leveraging Pupil Morphology for Recommending on Smartphones

PupilRec: Leveraging Pupil Morphology for Recommending on Sm...

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作者： Shen, Xiangyu Jiang, Hongbo Liu, Daibo Yang, Kehua Deng, Feiyang Lui, John C. S. Liu, Jiangchuan Dustdar, Schahram Luo, Jun Hunan University College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan Changsha410082 China The City University of Hong Kong School of Graduate Studies Hong Kong The Chinese University of Hong Kong Computer Science and Engineering Department Hong Kong Simon Fraser University School of Computing Science BurnabyBCV5A 1S6 Canada Vienna University of Technology Distributed Systems Group Vienna1040 Austria Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Engineering 639798 Singapore

As mobile shopping has gradually become the mainstream shopping mode, recommendation systems are gaining an increasingly wide adoption. Existing recommendation systems are mainly based on explicit and implicit user behaviors. However, these user behaviors may not directly indicate users' inner feelings, causing erroneous user preference estimation and thus leading to inaccurate recommendations. Inspired by our key observation on the correlation between pupil size and users' inner feelings, we consider using the change of pupil size when browsing to model users' preferences, so as to achieve targeted recommendations. To this end, we propose PupilRec as a computer-vision-based recommendation framework involving a mobile terminal and a server side. On the mobile terminal, PupilRec collects users' pupil size change information through the front camera of smartphones;it then preprocesses the raw pupil size data before transmitting them to the server. On the server side, PupilRec utilizes the Tsfresh package and Random Forest algorithm to figure out the key time-series features directly implying user preferences. PupilRec then trains a neural network to fit a user preference model. Using this model, PupilRec predicts user preference to obtain a user-product matrix and further simplifies it by singular value decomposition. Finally, the real-time recommendation is achieved by a collaborative filtering module that retrieves recommended contents to users smartphones. We prototype PupilRec and conduct both experiments and field studies to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of PupilRec by recruiting 67 volunteers. The overall results show that PupilRec can accurately estimate users' preference and can recommend products users interested in. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Smartphones

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distributed AI in Zero-touch Provisioning for Edge Networks: Challenges and Research Directions

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Hazra, Abhishek Morichetta, Andrea Murturi, Ilir Lovén, Lauri Dehury, Chinmaya Kumar Pujol, Víctor Casamayor Donta, Praveen Kumar Dustdar, Schahram Department of Computer Science and Engineering the Indian Institute of Information Technology Sri City India Communications & Networks Lab Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore119260 Singapore Distributed Systems Group TU Wien Vienna1040 Austria Center for Ubiquitous Computing University of Oulu 90014 Finland Institute of Computer Science University of Tartu Tartu51009 Estonia

Zero-touch network is anticipated to inaugurate the generation of intelligent and highly flexible resource provisioning strategies where multiple service providers collaboratively offer computation and storage resources. This transformation presents substantial challenges to network administration and service providers regarding sustainability and scalability. This article combines distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) with Zero-touch Provisioning (ZTP) for edge networks. This combination helps to manage network devices seamlessly and intelligently by minimizing human intervention. In addition, several advantages are also highlighted that come with incorporating distributed AI into ZTP in the context of edge networks. Further, we draw potential research directions to foster novel studies in this field and overcome the current limitations. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Internet of things

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An Efficient Multi-band Infrared Small objects Detection Approach for Low-Altitude Artificial Intelligence of Thing

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年

作者： Peng, Yuhuai Wang, Jing Wang, Wenqian Liu, Lei Atiquzzaman, Mohammed Guizani, Mohsen Dustdar, Schahram Northeastern University School of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang110819 China Zhiyuan Research Institute Hangzhou310024 China Northeastern University School of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang110819 China Xidian University State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks Xi'an710071 China University of Oklahoma School of Computer Science NormanOK73019 United States Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence Department of Machine Learning Masdar United Arab Emirates Technische Universität Wien Distributed Systems Group Vienna1040 Austria

As a cutting-edge technology of low-altitude Artificial Intelligence of Thing (AIoT), UAV object detection significantly enhances the surveillance services capabilities of low-altitude AIoT. However, the difficulty of object detection is exacerbated by the high proportion of small and obscure objects in the captured images. To address the mentioned challenges, we present an efficient multi-band infrared small object detection approach for low-altitude intelligent surveillance services. Firstly, we propose the Multi-band infrared Image Fusion algorithm based on Cascade-GAN (MIF-CGAN), which produces fused images with high information entropy and high contrast. Then, the Transformer-based Multi-scale Dense Small object Detection (MsDSOD) algorithm is proposed. The algorithm consists of the Global-Local object Detection (G-LOD) network, the object Dense Area Extraction (O-DAE) module, and the Weighted Boxes Fusion (WBF) module. It extracts small objects features at different scales from infrared images and fuses the global and local detection results to accurately identify small objects in dense scenes. Furthermore, compared to the traditional algorithms, the mean Average Precision (mAP) of MsDSOD is improved by 0.80% and the Average Precision in small object detection (APs) is improved by 0.72%. The proposed algorithm is optimally suited to deal with complex scenes with dense small objects and background occlusion. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Infrared imaging

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Modern Computing: Vision and Challenges

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gill, Sukhpal Singh Wu, Huaming Patros, Panos Ottaviani, Carlo Arora, Priyansh Pujol, Victor Casamayor Haunschild, David Parlikad, Ajith Kumar Cetinkaya, Oktay Lutfiyya, Hanan Stankovski, Vlado Li, Ruidong Ding, Yuemin Qadir, Junaid Abraham, Ajith Ghosh, Soumya K. Song, Houbing Herbert Sakellariou, Rizos Rana, Omer Rodrigues, Joel J.P.C. Kanhere, Salil S. Dustdar, Schahram Uhlig, Steve Ramamohanarao, Kotagiri Buyya, Rajkumar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Center for Applied Mathematics Tianjin University Tianjin China Raygun Performance Monitoring Wellington New Zealand Department of Computer Science York Centre for Quantum Technologies University of York York United Kingdom Microsoft Schiphol Netherlands Distributed Systems Group Vienna University of Technology Vienna Austria Detecon International GmbH Munich Germany Institute for Manufacturing Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Computer Science University of Western Ontario London Canada Faculty of Computer and Information Science University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Japan Tecnun School of Engineering University of Navarra Spain Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering Qatar University Doha Qatar Bennett University Greater Noida India Machine Intelligence Research Labs AuburnWA United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India Baltimore United States Department of Computer Science University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester United Kingdom School of Computer Science and Informatics Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia COPELABS Lusófona University Lisbon Portugal Sydney Australia The University of Melbourne Victoria Australia Laboratory School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne Australia

Over the past six decades, the computing systems field has experienced significant transformations, profoundly impacting society with transformational developments, such as the Internet and the commodification of computing. Underpinned by technological advancements, computer systems, far from being static, have been continuously evolving and adapting to cover multifaceted societal niches. This has led to new paradigms such as cloud, fog, edge computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT), which offer fresh economic and creative opportunities. Nevertheless, this rapid change poses complex research challenges, especially in maximizing potential and enhancing functionality. As such, to maintain an economical level of performance that meets ever-tighter requirements, one must understand the drivers of new model emergence and expansion, and how contemporary challenges differ from past ones. To that end, this article investigates and assesses the factors influencing the evolution of computing systems, covering established systems and architectures as well as newer developments, such as serverless computing, quantum computing, and on-device AI on edge devices. Trends emerge when one traces technological trajectory, which includes the rapid obsolescence of frameworks due to business and technical constraints, a move towards specialized systems and models, and varying approaches to centralized and decentralized control. This comprehensive review of modern computing systems looks ahead to the future of research in the field, highlighting key challenges and emerging trends, and underscoring their importance in cost-effectively driving technological progress. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Obsolescence

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Accounting for the Special Role of Infrastructure-assisted Collective Perception

Accounting for the Special Role of Infrastructure-assisted C...

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International Conference on Intelligent Transportation

作者： Florian Alexander Schiegg Anna–Lisa Rueeck Jörg Gamerdinger Hugues Tchouankem Edmir Xhoxhi Georg Volk Distributed Intelligence and Systems Corporate Research Robert Bosch GmbH Hildesheim Germany Function Development 3D Surround View Engineering Parking Functions Robert Bosch GmbH Feuerbach Germany Department of Computer Science Embedded Systems Group University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany Institute of Communication Technology Leibniz University Hanover Hanover Germany

The number of traffic participants has increased exponentially over the past century, making a traffic accident the most likely cause of death for children and young adults today. Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication is regarded as one of the most promising emerging technologies to enhance road safety. It allows traffic participants to exchange relevant information to increase their environmental perception. Cooperative Awareness, a V2X service that is already being deployed in Europe, enables road users to share their dynamic states. Collective Perception (CP), currently in the final stage of standardization in the different regions of the world, enables the exchange of sensor-detected objects. The latter is thus not only relevant for connected vehicles but can further be used by sensor-equipped infrastructure to support vehicular perception, opening a whole new range of possibilities. The objective of this work is to investigate mechanisms to account for the special role of Infrastructure-assisted Collective Perception (ICP). Packet duplication is introduced for ICP to enhance the communication reliability. Additionally, different message generation rules prioritizing ICP are proposed and compared based on the enabled environmental perception. Simulations show significant improvements of the average precision, reaching an average increase of about 60% for ICP in comparison to V2V -based CP in scenarios with low connected vehicle densities.

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Implicit Multi-Scale Swin Transformer Network for Image Denoising

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2025年

作者： Zhang, Qi Ding, Yuwei Zhang, Weiqi Zhu, Yian Zhang, Bob Lin, Jerry Chun-Wei Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai School of Economics and Management Weihai China Nanjing University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing China Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Computer Science Xi’an China Northwestern Polytechnical University Yangtze River Delta Research Institute Taicang China University of Macau PAMI Research Group Department of Computer and Information Science Taipa China Department of Distributed Systems and IT Devices Electrical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences Silesian university of technology Poland

Image denoising has been used in various edge computing scenarios such as consumer electronics to improve the image quality and user experience. Existing image denoising methods based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and vision Transformers achieve good performance by empirically utilizing residual neural network (ResNet) as basic component. However, ResNet lacks interpretability in network design and also long-term memory of features, potentially restricting the performance of denoising networks. In this paper, we propose an Implicit Multi-scale Swin Transformer Network (IMSNet) for image denoising, which introduces the implicit Euler scheme from the feature memory perspective. Specifically, densely connected implicit feature extraction blocks (IFEBs) are designed to learn the residual mapping between noisy and clean images. The IFEB reformulates the initial skip connection of ResNet based on the implicit Euler discretization, providing both network interpretability and long-term memory. In IFEB, the multi-scale swin Transformer block (MSB) is designed as the implicit layer to capture spatial details and non-local contextual information at different scales. Additionally, a cross-layer feature fusion block (CLFF) is proposed to further improve feature reuse capabilities. Compared to existing denoising networks, the extensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our IMSNet in various image denoising tasks, and the flexibility in the practical applications with proposed light model on resource-restricted platforms such as consumer electronic devices. © 1975-2011 IEEE.

关键词： Image denoising

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