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TinyChecker: Transparent protection of VMs against hypervisor failures with nested virtualization

TinyChecker: Transparent protection of VMs against hyperviso...

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2012 IEEE/IFIP 42nd International Conference on Dependable systems and Networks Workshops, DSN-W 2012

作者： Tan, Cheng Xia, Yubin Chen, Haibo Zang, Binyu Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems Shanghai Jiao Tong University China School of Computer Science Fudan University China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467322645

The increasing amount of resources in a single machine constantly increases the level of server consolidation for virtualization. However, along with the improvement of server efficiency, the dependability of the virtualization layer is not being progressed towards the right direction;instead, the hypervisor level is more vulnerable to diverse failures due to the increasing complexity and scale of the hypervisor layer. This makes tens to hundreds of production VMs in a machine easily risk a single point of failure. This paper tries to mitigate this problem by proposing a technique called TinyChecker, which uses a tiny nested hypervisor to transparently protect guest VMs against failures in the hypervisor layer. TinyChecker is a very small software layer designated for transparent failure detection and recovery, whose reliability can be guaranteed by its small size and possible further formal verification. TinyChecker records all the communication context between VM and hypervisor, protects the critical VM data, detects and recovers the hypervisors among failures. TinyChecker is currently still in an early stage, we report our design consideration and initial evaluation results. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Fault tolerance

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Measurement-based interference modeling using channel occupancy in wireless mesh networks

Measurement-based interference modeling using channel occupa...

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IEEE International Symposium on World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM)

作者： Felix Juraschek Mesut Günes Bastian Blywis Institute of Computer Science Distributed Embedded Systems Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität Berlin Germany

We introduce a linear measurement-based method for interference estimation in wireless mesh networks. The approach is based on measuring the channel occupancy and requires only O(n) measurements for a network with n nodes, thus making it suitable for large network deployments. We show, how we utilize the carrier sensing mechanism of commodity IEEE 802.11 hardware to measure the channel occupancy. Based on the measurements, we develop the Channel Occupancy Interference Model (COIM). The model is validated in the DES-Testbed, a wireless mesh network with 128 multi-radio network nodes at the Freie Universität Berlin. The validation shows, that the model is capable of predicting interfering nodes in the communication and also in the interference range. Additionally, our evaluation shows that the often used 2-hop interference model is too pessimistic for indoor network deployments, about 60% of the 2-hop neighbors are not interferers in our set-up.

关键词： Interference Sensors Estimation Throughput Wireless mesh networks Frequency measurement Standards

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Resource-aware configuration in smart camera networks

Resource-aware configuration in smart camera networks

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2012 IEEE computer Society Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, CVPRW 2012

作者： Rinner, Bernhard Dieber, Bernhard Esterle, Lukas Lewis, Peter R. Yao, Xin Institute of Networked and Embedded Systems Alpen-Adria Universität Klagenfurt 9020 Klagenfurt Austria School of Computer Science University of Birmingham United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9781467316118

A recent trend in smart camera networks is that they are able to modify the functionality during runtime to better reflect changes in the observed scenes and in the specified monitoring tasks. In this paper we focus on different configuration methods for such networks. A configuration is given by three components: (i) a description of the camera nodes, (ii) a specification of the area of interest by means of observation points and the associated monitoring activities, and (iii) a description of the analysis tasks. We introduce centralized, distributed and proprioceptive configuration methods and compare their properties and performance. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Cameras

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Fire detection for early fire alarm based on optical flow video processing

Fire detection for early fire alarm based on optical flow vi...

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2012 9th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2012

作者： Rinsurongkawong, Suchet Ekpanyapong, Mongkol Dailey, Matthew N. Mechatronics Asian Institute of Technology Pathumthani Thailand Microelectronics and Embedded Systems Asian Institute of Technology Pathumthani Thailand Computer Science and Information Management Asian Institute of Technology Pathumthani Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781467320245

We propose a method for early fire detection based on the Lucas-Kanade optical flow algorithm that is able to detect fire in real time in a video stream from a monocular camera. The method works both indoors and in open areas. It detects fire at the beginning of the burning process, enabling an earlier response than would be possible with a conventional fire detector. The method performs background subtraction to identify moving pixels in the scene then filters for colors consistent with fire. Growth rate analysis is applied to the contours identified in the previous step. We further propose the use of a Lucas-Kanade optical flow pyramid in the regions identified in the growth analysis step and analysis of the variance of the optical flow feature points' motion. In an experiment comparing the growth rate method alone with the combination of growth rate and optical flow analysis, we find that the algorithm improves the accuracy of fire detection for early fire alarming and reduce false alarm by solving the fire-like color. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Fires

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WCET-aware static locking of instruction caches 12

WCET-aware static locking of instruction caches

引用

10th International Symposium on Code Generation and Optimization, CGO 2012

作者： Plazar, Sascha Kleinsorge, Jan C. Marwedel, Peter Falk, Heiko Department of Computer Science 12 TU Dortmund University D-44221 Dortmund Germany Institute of Embedded Systems/Real-Time Systems Ulm University D-89081 Ulm Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781605586359

In the past decades, embedded system designers moved from simple, predictable system designs towards complex systems equipped with caches. This step was necessary in order to bridge the increasingly growing gap between processor and memory system performance. Static analysis techniques had to be developed to allow the estimation of the cache behavior and an upper bound of the execution time of a program. This bound is called worst-case execution time (WCET). Its knowledge is crucial to verify whether hard real-time systems satisfy their timing constraints, and the WCET is a key parameter for the design of embedded systems. In this paper, we propose aWCET-aware optimization technique for static I-cache locking which improves a program's performance and predictability. To select the memory blocks to lock into the cache and avoid time consuming repetitive WCET analyses, we developed a new algorithm employing integer-linear programming (ILP). The ILP models the worst-case execution path (WCEP) of a program and takes the inuence of locked cache contents into account. By modeling the effect of locked memory blocks on the runtime of basic blocks, the overall WCET of a program can be minimized. We show that our optimization is able to reduce the estimated WCET (abbr. WCETest) of real-life benchmarks by up to 40.8%. At the same time, our proposed approach is able to outperform a regular cache by up to 23.8% in terms of WCETest. Copyright © 2012 ACM.

关键词： embedded systems

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Security in Nano Communication: Challenges and Open Research Issues

Security in Nano Communication: Challenges and Open Research...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications

作者： Falko Dressler Frank Kargl Computer and Communication Systems Institute of Computer Science University of Innsbruck Distributed Systems Ulm University

ISBN: (纸本)9781457720529

Nano communication is one of the fastest growing emerging research fields. In recent years, much progress has been achieved in developing nano machines supporting our needs in health care and other scenarios. However, experts agree that only the interaction among nano machines allows to address the very complex requirements in the field. Drug delivery and environmental control are only two of the many interesting application domains, which, at the same time, pose many new challenging problems. Very relevant communication concepts have been investigated such as RF radio communication in the terra hertz band or molecular communication based on transmitter molecules. Yet, one question has not been considered so far and that is nano communication security, i.e., will it be possible to protect such systems from manipulation by malicious parties? Our objective is to provide some first insights into the security challenges and to highlight some of the open research challenges in this field. The main observation is that especially for molecular communication existing security and cryptographic solutions might not be applicable. In this context, we coin the term biochemical cryptography that might lead to significant improvements in the field of molecular communication. We also point to relevant problems that have similarities with typical network architectures but also completely new challenges.

关键词： Molecular communication Nanotechnologies Communications security Security NETWORK STRUCTURE Communication Research Environmental controls

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Towards dependable emergent ensembles of components: The DEECo component model

Towards dependable emergent ensembles of components: The DEE...

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Joint 10th Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture, WICSA 2012 and 6th European Conference on Software, ECSA 2012

作者： Keznikl, Jaroslav Bureš, Tomáš Plášil, František Kit, Michal Department of Distributed and Dependable Systems Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University Prague Czech Republic Institute of Computer Science Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9780769548272

In the domain of dynamically evolving distributed systems composed of autonomous and (self-) adaptive components, the task of systematically managing the design complexity of their communication and composition is a pressing issue. This stems from the dynamic nature of such systems, where components and their bindings may appear and disappear without anticipation. To address this challenge, we propose employing separation of concerns via a mechanism of dynamic implicit bindings with implicit communication. This way, we strive for dynamically formed, implicitly interacting groups - ensembles - of autonomous components. In this context, we introduce the DEECo component model, where such bindings, as well as the associated communication, are managed in an automated way, enabling transparent handling of the dynamic changes in the system. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： adaptation dynamic architecture ensemble implicit bindings implicit communication

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Parallel VLSI detailed routing using general-purpose computing on graphics processing unit

Parallel VLSI detailed routing using general-purpose computi...

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2012 9th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, ECTI-CON 2012

作者： Tangjittaweechai, Lalinthip Ekpanyapong, Mongkol Kanchanasut, Kanchana Tavares, Adriano Lim, Sung Kyu Chongstitvatana, Prabhas Microelectronics and Embedded Systems Asian Institute of Technology Pathumthani Thailand Computer Science Department Asian Institute of Technology Pathumthani Thailand Department of Industrial Electronics University of Minho Guimarães Portugal School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology GA United States Computer Engineering Department Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (纸本)9781467320245

Parallelization of VLSI routing algorithms is one of the challenging problems in VLSI physical design. This is due to a large number of nets as well as the shared routing resources that result in data dependency among concurrent tasks. In this paper, VLSI Maze routing using GPGPU has been proposed to enable runtime performance improvement. We report up to 3x performance gain with an average of 25% runtime performance improvement from VLSI Maze routing using CPU. The routing qualities including wirelength and overflow are better among all benchmarks comparing with CPU baseline. The solutions also scale well when the size of the problem increases. © 2012 IEEE.

关键词： Graphics processing unit

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Towards real-time media access in vehicular ad-hoc networks

Towards real-time media access in vehicular ad-hoc networks

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IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops (WCNCW)

作者： Steffen Moser Jochen Weiß Frank Slomka Institute of Embedded Systems/Real-Time Systems Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Ulm University Ulm Germany

By giving vehicles the ability to propagate warning messages to the other ones, the number and the severity of accidents on our streets could likely be reduced. Safety-related applications based on vehicular ad-hoc neworks (VANET) are usually dependent on transmitting a message from source to sink within a given time limit. IEEE proposes the standard 802.11p which is an adaption of the well-known Wireless LAN 802.11a for inter-vehicle communication. While many properties have been improved, 802.11p still comes with a contention-based medium access control, only. This leads to an indeterminism and data-dependencies. One deterministic and fairer alternative compared to contention based medium access mechanism would be Time-Divison Multiple Access (TDMA). As a VANET is typically fully self-organizing, the time slots must be assigned autonomously by the nodes of the distributed system. This, however, leads to drawbacks in the performance of the protoctol which are analyzed in this paper.

关键词： Vehicles Ad hoc networks Time division multiple access Real time systems Media Access Protocol Communication channels

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An approach for the integration of smart antennas in the design and simulation of vehicular ad-hoc networks

An approach for the integration of smart antennas in the des...

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International Conference on Future Generation Communication Technology (FGCT)

作者： Steffen Moser Simon Eckert Frank Slomka Institute of Embedded Systems/Real-Time Systems Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science Ulm University Ulm Germany

The radio channel is a limiting resource in vehicular ad-hoc networks. A lot of possible applications in the field of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication will make use of sending messages to destination nodes addressed by geographical coordinates. Beam forming, which is the transmission of a message's signal explicitly into a specific spatial area by exploiting a phase-delayed array of antennas, can be seen as an approach to reduce the overall channel load in vehicular ad-hoc networks. Due to the implementation of today's network simulators, the analysis of the advantages and possible drawbacks of beam forming on vehicular ad-hoc network scenarios is hardly possible. In this paper we show a way in which a simulation framework typically used for research on vehicular ad-hoc networks can be extended by a realistic channel simulation and a physical layer simulation which allows studying the beam forming abilities of a smart antenna system.

关键词： Vehicular ad hoc networks Dipole antennas Arrays Antenna arrays Vehicles Routing

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