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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Chiara Ercolani Shashank Mahendra Deshmukh Thomas Laurent Peeters Alcherio Martinoli Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland

Environmental monitoring and mapping operations are an essential tool to combat climate change. An important branch of this domain concerns the construction of reliable gas maps. Adaptive navigation strategies coupled with multi-robot systems improve the outcome of an environmental mapping mission by focusing more efficiently on informative areas. This direction is yet to be explored in the context of gas mapping, which presents peculiar challenges due to the hard-to-sense and expensive-to-model nature of the underlying phenomenon. In this paper, we introduce the application of a multi-robot system to a gas mission with severe time constraints. We study the impact of information-based navigation strategies, coupled with increasing levels of coordination among the robots, on information gathering and consequent map reconstruction performance. We also focus on proposing solutions that inject additional knowledge into the system to enhance the final mapping outcome. We tested the strategies through extensive high-fidelity simulation experiments, and we compared the proposed approaches to three relevant baseline methods.

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Environmental Field Estimation with Hybrid-Mobility Sensor Networks

Environmental Field Estimation with Hybrid-Mobility Sensor N...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation

作者： William C. Evans Duarte Dias Steven Roelofsen Alcherio Martinoli Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781467380270

The remarkable accessibility of modern flying robots makes them an attractive platform for environmental sensing. However, low cost and ease of use are currently incompatible with large payloads, severely limiting the choice of sensor and ultimately modality. This paper describes the design of a system for using a small infrared thermometer to estimate the surface temperature over an area that is large compared to the area measured by the sensor, by mounting it on a flying robot. We leverage a priori knowledge about the spatial statistics of the phenomena under measure in order to plan an informative sampling path, fusing observations by Gaussian process regression. Our approach is designed to be evaluated in an indoor testbed, in which a quadrotor, in cooperation with simulated static sensing nodes, estimates the spatial distribution of surface temperature over a controlled thermal gradient. We perform extensive systematic experimentation both in simulation and our real-world testbed environment, with our algorithm estimating surface temperature to an accuracy of up to 2.1 °C over a 16 m~2 area ranging in value from 25-65 °C.

关键词： Estimation Hybrid-Mobility Sensor

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A realistic simulator for the design and evaluation of intelligent vehicles

A realistic simulator for the design and evaluation of intel...

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International Conference on intelligent Transportation

作者： Sven Gowal Yizhen Zhang Alcherio Martinoli Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland Applied Materials Inc. Santa Clara CA USA

The number of vehicles hitting the road each day is rapidly increasing, and several problems, such as traffic congestion or driver safety, can no longer be solved in the same fashion as before. intelligent transportation systems could potentially solve part of these problems, but prototyping, designing and testing cooperative smart vehicles is a cumbersome task. This paper presents a realistic simulator, capable of operating both at microscopic and sub-microscopic level, where intelligent vehicles can be designed and analyzed with a pragmatic approach. A number of advances in robotics have already been transferred to vehicular technology, with a potential increase of this trend into the future. Here, we develop a plugin for a well-established robotics simulator (Webots), in order to reinforce at the virtual level this cross-fertilization between the two areas and create a baseline for realistic studies of future solutions in real intelligent vehicles.

关键词： Vehicles Sensors intelligent vehicles Biological system modeling Vehicle dynamics Wheels Engines

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Automatic Multi-Robot Control Design and Optimization Leveraging Multi-Level Modeling: An Exploration Case Study

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IFAC-PapersOnLine 2023年第2期56卷 11462-11469页

作者： Wakana Endo Cyrill Baumann Hajime Asama Alcherio Martinoli Department of Precision Engineering School of Engineering The University of Tokyo Japan Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland

In this work, we demonstrate the applicability of a recently proposed automatic synthesis approach for behavioral arbitrators based on Probabilistic Finite State Machines (PFSMs) for a multi-robot scenario. More specifically, a behavior-based controller for a multi-robot exploration scenario is automatically synthesized using a predefined set of basic behaviors and conditions. A key feature of the used synthesis approach is the tailored use of two modeling levels of the scenario, microscopic and submicroscopic, to significantly reduce the computational effort. Furthermore, the modeling is extended by a simplified macroscopic model of the scenario to analytically evaluate the best achievable performance given an ideal controller, taking into account real-world constraints such as limited speed and localization. Taking advantage of the interpretability of the synthesized PFSM-based arbitrators, individualistic and collaborative controllers are analyzed separately to provide insights into the theoretical and experimental effects of collaboration for the considered case study. The obtained results show that the PFSM-based synthesis approach is also suitable for multi-robot scenarios, and in particular that the collaborative solution can compete with a manually designed and fine-tuned solution.

关键词： Multi-Level Modeling Probabilistic Modeling Learning for Control Metaheuristic Optimization Multi-Robot systems Behavior-Based Control

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Toward the Deployment of an Ultra-Wideband Localization Test Bed

Toward the Deployment of an Ultra-Wideband Localization Test...

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IEEE 74th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC)

作者： Feldman, Alexander Bahr, Alexander Colli-Vignarelli, James Robert, Stephan Dehollain, Catherine Martinoli, Alcherio Institute for Information and Communication Technologies Haute Ecole d'Ingénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud (HEIG-VD) Switzerland Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Group Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9781424483273

The design, development, and deployment of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) localization systems involves digital and Radio-Frequency (RF) hardware, embedded software, localization algorithms, security and reliability aspects, electromagnetics, and others. Design and integration decisions affect the performance of an UWB system, in particular the most important metrics: localization accuracy and position update rate. To facilitate further development of UWB localization systems and to analyze some of the major trade-offs we share our experience in deploying the EPFL UWB-Lite test bed (U-LITE). We describe an approach to numerical simulation modeling that can help in the design and evaluation of UWB localization systems. To validate our approach we show experimental results with one transmitter and one receiver. Our UWB test bed includes a mobile robot platform, so we can study and evaluate the UWB performance trade-offs in real-world conditions.

关键词： Accuracy Demodulation Radio frequency Radio transmitters Receivers Robots electromagnetic waves electromagnetics embedded software embedded systems localization algorithms position update rate radiofrequency hardware real world conditions ultra wideband c

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Local graph-based distributed control for safe highway platooning

Local graph-based distributed control for safe highway plato...

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2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on intelligent Robots and systems

作者： Sven Gowal Riccardo Falconi Alcherio Martinoli Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland Dipartimento di Elettronica Informatica e Sistemistica Università di Bologna Italy

Using graph theory, this paper investigates how a group of vehicles, endowed with local positioning capabilities (range and bearing to other vehicles), can keep a predefined formation. We propose a longitudinal and lateral controller that stabilizes a system of several vehicles as well as a collision avoidance mechanism. The stability of our approach is supported by a mathematical analysis as well as realistic simulations.

关键词： Vehicles Laplace equations Equations Feedback control Trajectory Graph theory Stability analysis

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Flutter suppression of a bridge section model endowed with actively controlled flap arrays

Flutter suppression of a bridge section model endowed with a...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on intelligent Robots and systems

作者： M. Boberg G. Feltrin A. Martinoli Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland Structural Engineering Laboratory Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Duebendorf Switzerland

In this work, we investigate active flutter control of a bridge section model equipped with arrays of flaps. We consider three simple control algorithms based on an amplitude-gain and a phase-shift for actuating the flaps and stabilizing the section model. We have leveraged a linear analytical model of the structural and aeroelastic forces during flutter in order to find efficient control parameters. The proposed solution was validated with wind tunnel experiments, where all the algorithms showed capable of suppressing flutter, and the most efficient one was using all of the flaps on the deck.

关键词： Bridges Solid modeling Aerodynamics Analytical models Wind speed Damping Mathematical model

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Dynamic Positioning of Beacon Vehicles for Cooperative Underwater Navigation

Dynamic Positioning of Beacon Vehicles for Cooperative Under...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on intelligent Robotics and systems

作者： Alexander Bahr John J. Leonard Alcherio Martinoli Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory at the Ecole Poly-technique Fédérale de Lausanne， Lausanne， Switzerland Department of Mechanical Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781467317375

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are used for an ever increasing range of applications due to the maturing of the technology. Due to the absence of the GPS signal underwater, the correct estimation of its position is a challenge for submerged vehicles. One promising strategy to mitigate this problem is to use a group of AUVs where one or more assume the role of a beacon vehicle which has a very accurate position estimate due to an expensive navigation suite or frequent surfacings. These beacon vehicles broadcast their position and the remaining survey vehicles can use this position information and intra-vehicle ranges to update their position estimate. The effectiveness of this approach strongly depends on the geometry between the beacon vehicles and the survey vehicles. The trajectories of the beacon vehicles should thus be planned with the goal to minimize the position uncertainty of the survey vehicles. We propose a distributed algorithm which dynamically computes the locally optimal position for a beacon vehicle using only information obtained from broadcast communication of the survey vehicles. It does not need prior information about the survey vehicles' trajectory and can be used for any group size of beacon and survey vehicles.

关键词： AUVs GPS survey vehicles vehicle Autonomous underwater vehicles Underwater navigation position estimation Global Positioning systems Group Size POSITION INFORMATION Dynamic positioning distributed algorithms

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Graph-based distributed control for adaptive multi-robot patrolling through local formation transformation

Graph-based distributed control for adaptive multi-robot pat...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on intelligent Robots and systems

作者： Alicja Wasik Jose N. Pereira Rodrigo Ventura Pedro U. Lima Alcherio Martinoli Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland Institute for Systems and Robotics Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9781509037636

Multi-robot cooperative navigation in real-world environments is essential in many applications, including surveillance and search-and-rescue missions. State-of-the-art methods for cooperative navigation are often tested in ideal laboratory conditions and not ready to be deployed in real-world environments, which are often cluttered with static and dynamic obstacles. In this work, we explore a graph-based framework to achieve control of real robot formations moving in a world cluttered with a variety of obstacles by introducing a new distributed algorithm for reconfiguring the formation shape. We systematically validate the reconfiguration algorithm using three real robots in scenarios of increasing complexity.

关键词： Navigation Robot kinematics Collision avoidance Shape Robot sensing systems Laplace equations

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distributed Deconfliction Algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles with Limited Range and Field of View Sensors

Distributed Deconfliction Algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehi...

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American Control Conference

作者： Steven Roelofsen Alcherio Martinoli Denis Gillet Distributed Intelligent Systems and Algorithms Laboratory School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Coordination and Interaction System Group School of Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne

ISBN: (纸本)9781479917730

This paper proposes a novel approach for collision avoidance between Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with limited range and field of view sensors. The algorithm is designed for unicycle vehicles that need to fly above a specific minimal speed to maintain flight. It uses a navigation function approach when the UAV is clear from conflict and smoothly switches to a collision avoidance maneuver when other UAVs are encountered. We show that the proposed avoidance algorithm can ensure a collision-free path. We also carry out a throughout quantitative analysis of the algorithm singularities and propose heuristic recipes for avoiding deadlock situations. Simulations are performed to show the effectiveness of the algorithm.

关键词： Collision avoidance Sensors Aircraft Turning Aircraft navigation Mathematical model

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