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Utilization pattern of other preventive services during the US Medicare annual wellness visit

Preventive Medicine Reports 2018年 10卷 210-211页

作者： Tao, Guoyu Division of STD Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States

Annual wellness visit (AWV) was introduced for Medicare patients in 2011 to help patients stay healthy. The object of this study is to assess whether AWV have an impact on the use of other preventive services in the eligible population. Medicare claims for the full sample of beneficiaries who were continuously enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare in 2013 and 2014 were analyzed. The association between AWV and three other preventive services (depression screening [DPS], influenza virus vaccine [IVV], and sexually transmitted infection screening [STI]) were assessed. In addition, the utilization pattern of these three preventative services at AWV visit by the calendar month when beneficiaries had an AWV service was also assessed. Of 28 million eligible Medicare beneficiaries, 16.0% had AWV in 2014. The patients who had AWV had a significantly higher percentage of three preventive services than those who had no AWV: 63.8% vs. 41.6% in IVV, 4.9% vs. 0.5% in DPS, and 2.3% vs. 1.8% in STI. The percentages of beneficiaries who received IVV during an AWV visit varied significantly by calendar month: from < 0.1% in June to 36.8% in October. AWV is associated with increased use of other preventive services. In addition, the association is significantly affected by type of other preventive services that may be highly related with seasonal factors. © 2017

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Author Correction: Ultra-long-acting in-situ forming implants with cabotegravir protect female macaques against rectal SHIV infection

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Nature communications 2024年第1期15卷 1054页

作者： Isabella C Young Ivana Massud Mackenzie L Cottrell Roopali Shrivastava Panita Maturavongsadit Alka Prasher Andres Wong-Sam Chuong Dinh Tiancheng Edwards Victoria Mrotz James Mitchell Josilene Nascimento Seixas Aryani Pallerla Allison Thorson Amanda Schauer Craig Sykes Gabriela De la Cruz Stephanie A Montgomery Angela D M Kashuba Walid Heneine Charles W Dobard Martina Kovarova J Victor Garcia J Gerardo Garcίa-Lerma S Rahima Benhabbour Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA. Laboratory Branch Division of HIV Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA. Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA. Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA. Comparative Medicine Branch Division of Scientific Resources National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infection Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA. Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infection Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA. Pathology Services Core Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill NC USA. International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science Division of Infectious Diseases Center for AIDS Research University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA. Laboratory Branch Division of HIV Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA. jng5@cdc.gov. Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA. benhabs@email.unc.edu. Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA. benhabs@email.unc.edu.

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HIV criminalisation laws and ending the US HIV epidemic

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The lancet. HIV 2021年第1期8卷 e4-e6页

作者： Jonathan Mermin Sheila Salvant Valentine Eugene McCray National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30333 USA. Electronic address: jhm7@cdc.gov. Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Atlanta GA 30333 USA.

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Time from HIV diagnosis to viral suppression: Survival analysis of statewide surveillance data in Alabama, 2012 to 2014

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JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 2020年第2期6卷 e17217页

作者： Scott Batey, D. Dong, Xueyuan Rogers, Richard P. Merriweather, Anthony Elopre, Latesha Rana, Aadia I. Irene Hall, H. Mugavero, Michael J. Department of Social Work University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL United States ICF International Fairfax VA United States Division of STD Prevention and Control Alabama Department of Public Health Montgomery AL United States Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL United States Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States

Background: Evaluation of the time from HIV diagnosis to viral suppression (VS) captures the collective effectiveness of HIV prevention and treatment activities in a given locale and provides a more global estimate of how effectively the larger HIV care system is working in a given geographic area or jurisdiction. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate temporal and geographic variability in VS among persons with newly diagnosed HIV infection in Alabama between 2012 and 2014. Methods: With data from the National HIV Surveillance System, we evaluated median time from HIV diagnosis to VS (<200 c/mL) overall and stratified by Alabama public health area (PHA) among persons with HIV diagnosed during 2012 to 2014 using the Kaplan-Meier approach. Results: Among 1979 newly diagnosed persons, 1181 (59.67%) achieved VS within 12 months of diagnosis;52.6% (353/671) in 2012, 59.5% (377/634) in 2013, and 66.9% (451/674) in 2014. Median time from HIV diagnosis to VS was 8 months: 10 months in 2012, 8 months in 2013, and 6 months in 2014. Across 11 PHAs in Alabama, 12-month VS ranged from 45.8% (130/284) to 84% (26/31), and median time from diagnosis to VS ranged from 5 to 13 months. Conclusions: Temporal improvement in persons achieving VS following HIV diagnosis statewide in Alabama is encouraging. However, considerable geographic variability warrants further evaluation to inform public health action. Time from HIV diagnosis to VS represents a meaningful indicator that can be incorporated into public health surveillance and programming. © D Scott Batey, Xueyuan Dong.

关键词： HIV Public health surveillance Sustained viral suppression

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Assessment of trends in cervical cancer screening rates using healthcare claims data: United States, 2003–2014

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Preventive Medicine Reports 2018年 9卷 124-130页

作者： Watson, Meg Benard, Vicki Flagg, Elaine W. Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States

Improved understanding of the natural history of cervical cancer has led to changes in screening recommendations, including the addition of the human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as an option in routine screening. Most studies of screening trends have used national self-reported survey data. To better understand recent trends in cervical cancer screening, including cytology (Papanicolaou, or Pap, tests) and human papillomavirus co-tests (HPV + Pap test), we used healthcare claims data to examine screening practices and trends. We analyzed screening among commercially-insured females ages 18–65 during 2005–2014 who were continuously enrolled during three or more contiguous calendar years, to identify those who received cervical cancer screening with a Pap test or co-test. We examined screening prevalence by age group and year. During the latter years of our study period, screening prevalence (regardless of screening method) declined significantly for women in all age groups examined. Despite declines in overall screening, the prevalence of co-testing increased in all age groups except those aged 18–20. In 2014, women aged 30–39 had the highest overall screening uptake (77.5%) and the highest use of co-testing (44.4%);this group also had the lowest overall declines in screening over the time period (−4.5%). These screening measures from healthcare claims were lower than self-reported screening from national surveys of the general population. More research to explore the reasons for these differences is needed to ensure that women are receiving appropriate screening, and to better understand why screening prevalence is declining among this population of commercially insured women. © 2018

关键词： Cervical cancer Cervical cancer screening Claims data HPV test

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MicroRNA 31 inhibits CD8^(+) T-cell function by increasing its sensitivity to type I interferon signaling in chronic viral infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第5期15卷 533-535页

作者： Mingming Jia Yiming Shao Kunxue Hong Division of Research on Virology and Immunology State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and ControlNational Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChina CDCCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesBeijing 102206China Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Chronic viral infections and malignant tumors can cause T cells to become dysfunctional and exhausted through two different associated immune statuses:inflammation and *** immunity is a necessary step for the establishment of the immune response to control infection and ***,once a pathogen cannot be cleared in time or a tumor continues to progress,an immunosuppressive environment involving various immune cells and cytokines may form,thereby promoting the persistence of the pathogen or *** those immune factors,type I interferons play a dual role by driving inflammation and inducing a variety of suppressive factors that limit immune responses in chronic infection and cancer.

关键词： inflammation infection immunity

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Reply to Sayed

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The Journal of infectious diseases 2019年第6期220卷 1083-1084页

作者： Youkyung Choi Xiugen Zhang Brianna Skinner Laboratory Branch Division of Viral Hepatitis National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention. Comparative Medicine Branch Division of Scientific Resources National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia.

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2007-17年美国儿童和青少年结核病流行病学:国家监测数据分析

2007-17年美国儿童和青少年结核病流行病学:国家监测数据分析

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作者： Tori L Cowger Jonathan M Wortham Deron C Burton 许磊 Division of Tuberculosis Elimination National Center for HIV/AIDSViral HepatitisSTDand TB PreventionUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Epidemiology Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health

背景:在2018年期间,全球15岁以下的儿童中约有100万例结核病病例和233000例与结核相关的死亡。儿童和青少年的结核病在临床和流行病学上存在差异,给护理和预防带来了挑战。对儿童和青少年结核病流行病学的了解有助于治疗和预防工作,以... 详细信息

背景:在2018年期间,全球15岁以下的儿童中约有100万例结核病病例和233000例与结核相关的死亡。儿童和青少年的结核病在临床和流行病学上存在差异,给护理和预防带来了挑战。对儿童和青少年结核病流行病学的了解有助于治疗和预防工作,以及消除结核病发病率和死亡率差异。目的:我们试图描述美国患有结核病的儿童和青少年的流行病学,包括按父母出生国和美国领土及自由联系的州分列的结核病发病率,这些情况以前没有描述过。方法:我们分析了2007-17年期间向国家结核病监测系统报告的15岁以下儿童和15-17岁青少年的数据,并使用美国人口普查局的人口估计数计算了结核病发病率。结果:在2010至2017年间,有6072例肺结核病例发生在儿童和青少年中,其中5175例(85%)发生在美国50个州或哥伦比亚特区,6072例中有897例(15%)发生在美国附属岛屿。在美国各州,5175例中有3520例(68%)发生在美国出生的人群中,包括3896名儿童中的2977名(76%)和1279名青少年中的543名(42%)。2007-2017年儿童和青少年发病率为1.0/10万人,同期下降47.8%(95%CI-51.4～44.1)。我们观察到,在所有非白人种族或族裔群体的儿童和青少年中,生活在美国附属岛屿的人,以及出生在结核病流行国家或与其父母一起出生的儿童中,结核病发病率过高。讨论:在对国家监测数据的审查中,我们观察到所有非白种人种族或族裔群体的儿童和青少年、生活在美国附属岛屿的儿童和青少年、出生在结核病流行国家或其父母来自于结核病流行国家的儿童和青少年中结核病发病率过高。此外,我们观察到,与美国各州相比,美国附属岛屿的儿童和青少年患结核病的死亡率高得不成比例。这些广泛和普遍的差距可能反映了结构性的不平等,造成了不成比例的接触、感染和疾病的脆弱性以及不平等的迅速诊断和治疗机会。我们的研究结果表明,美国的结核病护理和预防策略正在成功地降低儿童和青少年的总体结核病负担,但需要更多的关注和可能的新方法来解决这些年龄组结核病发病率和死亡率的差异。我们观察到儿童和青少年的结核病发病率和死亡率存在普遍的种族或民族和地理差异。与非西班牙裔白人儿童和青少年相比,每一个被调查的种族或族裔群体的结核病发病率都显著增加,这表明健康的结构性和社会决定因素可能具有广泛的影响,导致历史上边缘化的儿童和青少年接触结核病、感染或疾病进展的风险增加。尽管我们强调了结核病的差异可能会被种族,民族,地理位置和出生地等影响,但我们注意到这种异质性可能归因于基本的社会,政策和环境条件。此外,通过对各种健康结果的研究确定了有助于人口水平的其他因素健康差距,这些因素可能包括粮食安全和营养,获得经济和营养物质资源,住宅隔离,接触二手烟,室内外空气质量,持久历史创伤的影响(例如奴隶制,殖民,流离失所),医疗政策,获取和基础设施。所以除了努力预防和治疗高危儿童和青少年中的结核病外,还应努力阐明和改善风险增加的潜在社会和结构驱动因素。结论:总体而言,美国儿童和青少年中的结核病发病率较低,而且稳步下降,但仍需作出更多努力,以消除发病率和死亡率方面的差异。

关键词：肺结核儿童青少年流行病学

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Uptake of HIV Self-testing among Men Who have Sex with Men in Beijing, China： a Cross-sectional Study

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2017年第6期30卷 407-417页

作者： REN Xian Long WU Zun You MI Guo Dong MCGOOGAN Jennifer ROU Ke Ming ZHAO Yan Division of Prevention Intervention National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Office of the Director National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Division of Treatment and Care National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China

Objective To examine HIV self-testing uptake and its determinates among men who have sex with men （MSM） in Beijing, China. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Beijing, China in 2016. Participants were users of a popular Chinese gay networking application and had an unknown or negative HIV status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine factors associated with HIV self-testing based on adjusted odds ratio （AOR） and 95% confidence interval （CI）. Results Among the 5,996 MSM included in the study, 2,383 （39.7%） reported to have used HIV self-testing kits. Willingness to use an HIV self-test kit in the future was expressed by 92% of the participants. High monthly income （AOR = 1.49; CI = 1.10-2.02; P = 0.010）, large number of male sex partners （≥2： AOR = 1.24; CI = 2.09-1.43; P = 0.002）, sexual activity with commercial male sex partners （〉 2： AOR = 1.94; CI = 1.34 -2.82; P = 0.001）, long-term drug use （AOR = 1.42; CI = 1.23-1.62; P 〈 0.001）, and long-term HIV voluntary counseling and testing （VCT） attendance （AOR = 3.62; CI = 3.11-4.22; P 〈 0.001） were all associated with increased odds of HIV self-testing uptake. Conclusion The nearly 40% rate of HIV self-testing uptake among MSM in our sample was high. In addition, an over 90% willingness to use kits in the future was encouraging. HIV self-testing could be an important solution to help China achieve the global target of having 90% of all people living with HIV diagnosed by 2020.

关键词： Men who have sex with men HIV self-testing Associated factors Beijing

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Developing a Motion Comic for HIV/std prevention for Young People Ages 15-24, Part 2: Evaluation of a Pilot Intervention

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Health Communication 2018年第3期33卷 229页

作者： Willis, Leigh A Kachur, Rachel Castellanos, Ted J Nichols, Kristen Mendoza, Maria C B Spikes, Pilgrim Gamayo, Ashley C Durham, Marcus D LaPlace, Lisa Straw, Julie Staatz, Colleen Buge, Hadiza Hogben, Matthew Robinson, Susan Brooks, John Sutton, Madeline Y Gaul, Zaneta J National Centers for HIV Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention ICF International

In the United States, young people (ages 15-24 years) are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (stds), due at least in part to inadequate or incorrect HIV/std-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral intentions (KABI). Comic book narratives are a proven method of HIV/std prevention communication to strengthen KABI for HIV/std prevention. Motion comics, a new type of comic media, are an engaging and low-cost means of narrative storytelling. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot six-episode HIV/std-focused motion comic series to improve HIV/std-related KABI among young people. We assessed change in HIV/std knowledge, HIV stigma, condom attitudes, HIV/std testing attitudes, and behavioral intentions among 138 participants in 15 focus groups immediately before and after viewing the motion comic series. We used paired t-tests and indicators of overall improvement to assess differences between surveys. We found a significant decrease in HIV stigma (p < .001) and increases in both HIV knowledge (p = .002) and behavioral intentions to engage in safe sex (p < .001). In summary, this motion comic intervention improved HIV/std-related KABI of young adult viewers by reducing HIV stigma and increasing behavioral intentions to engage in safer sex. Our results demonstrate the promise of this novel intervention and support its use to deliver health messages to young people.

关键词： prevention of HIV infections MOTION pictures & comic books prevention of sexually transmitted diseases MOTION pictures in health education DISEASES in young adults MEDICAL communication METHODOLOGY ATTITUDES toward health DISEASES in teenagers prevention PILOT projects COMPARATIVE studies CONDOMS FOCUS groups HEALTH promotion RESEARCH methodology MEDICAL screening MOTION pictures FINANCING of research SCALE analysis (Psychology) HUMAN sexuality SEX education STATISTICAL hypothesis testing STIGMA (Social psychology) T-test (Statistics) QUALITATIVE research QUANTITATIVE research HUMAN services programs PRE-tests & post-tests CROSS-sectional method HEALTH literacy DESCRIPTIVE statistics ADOLESCENCE ADULTS

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