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Meningococcal disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A review of cases reported through active surveillance in the United States, 2000-2008

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Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2016年第4期3卷 ofw226页

作者： Harris, Christine M. Wu, Henry M. Li, Jianmin Hall, H. Irene Lee, Adria Zell, Elizabeth Harrison, Lee H. Petit, Susan Farley, Monica M. Lynfield, Ruth Miller, Lisa Nichols, Megin Reingold, Arthur Schaffner, William Thomas, Ann MacNeil, Jessica R. Clark, Thomas A. Cohn, Amanda C. Division of Bacterial Diseases National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Logistics Health Inc. La Crosse WI United States Emory University 550 Peachtree Street NE MOT 7 Atlanta 30308 GA United States Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD United States Connecticut Department of Public Health Hartford United States Department of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta VA Medical Center GA United States Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul MN United States Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Denver CO United States New Mexico Department of Health Sante Fe NM United States School of Public Health University of California Berkeley CA United States Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Nashville TN United States Oregon Department of Human Services Portland OR United States

Background. Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an established risk factor for several bacterial infections, the association between HIV infection and meningococcal disease remains unclear. Methods. Expanded chart reviews were completed on persons with meningococcal disease and HIV infection reported from 2000 through 2008 from 9 US sites participating in an active population-based surveillance system for meningococcal disease. The incidence of meningococcal disease among patients meeting Centers for Disease control and prevention acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) surveillance criteria was estimated using data from the National HIV Surveillance System for the participating sites. Results. Thirty-three cases of meningococcal disease in individuals with HIV infection were reported from participating sites, representing 2.0% of all reported meningococcal disease cases. Most (75.8%) persons with HIV infection were adult males aged 25 to 64 years old. Among all meningococcal disease cases aged 25 to 64 years old, case fatality ratios were similar among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons (13.3% vs 10.6%;P = .6). The cumulative, mean incidence of meningococcal disease among patients aged 25 to 64 years old with HIV infection ever classified as aids was 3.5 cases per 100 000 person years (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-5.6), compared with 0.3 cases per 100 000 person years (95% CI, 0.3-0.3) for persons of the same age group not reported to have aids (relative risk = 12.9;95% CI, 7.9-20.9). Conclusions. Individuals with HIV infection meeting the aids surveillance case definition have a higher incidence of meningococcal disease compared with the general adult population. Copyright © 2018 Oxford University Press.

关键词： Disease surveillance HIV Meningitis Meningococcal disease

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Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990–2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第10期8卷 e633-e651页

作者： Jahagirdar, Deepa Walters, Magdalene K. Novotney, Amanda Brewer, Edmond D. Frank, Tahvi D. Carter, Austin Biehl, Molly H. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abhilash, E.S. Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal Adekanmbi, Victor Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Afzal, Saira Aghababaei, Soodabeh Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadpour, Ehsan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Rashid, Tarik Ahmed Salih, Yusra Ahmed Aklilu, Addis Akram, Tayyaba Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Al Hamad, Hanadi Alahdab, Fares Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour Aleksandrova, Ekaterina A. Alene, Kefyalew Addis Ali, Liaqat Alipour, Vahid Almustanyir, Sami Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Amu, Hubert Andrei, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Anvari, Davood Arabloo, Jalal Aremu, Olatunde Arulappan, Judie Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Darshan, B.B. Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barra, Fabio Barrow, Amadou Basu, Sanjay Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad Belay, Habtamu Gebrehana Berheto, Tezera Moshago Bezabhe, Woldesellassie Mequanint Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bibi, Sadia Bijani, Ali Bisignano, Catherine Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi Boloor, Archith Boltaev, Azizbek A. Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Buonsenso, Danilo Burkart, Katrin Butt, Zahid A. Cao, Chao Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan Chu, Dinh-Toi Couto, Rosa A.S. Cowden, Richard G. Dachew, Berihun Assefa Dadras, Omid Dagnew, Amare Belachew Dahlawi, Saad M.A. Dai, Xiaochen Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi das Neves, José Degenhardt, Louisa Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu Deuba, Keshab Dhamnetiya, Deepak Dhungana, Govinda Prasad Dianatinasab, Mostafa Diaz, Daniel Djalalinia, Shirin Doan, Linh Phuong Dorostkar, Fariba Edinur, Hisham Atan Effiong, Andem Eftekharzadeh, Sahar El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa Elayedath, Rajesh Elhadi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States School of Social Work University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeones Columbia University Medical Center New York NY United States Division of Data Analytics and Delivery for Impact WHO Geneva Switzerland Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Paediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Psychiatry Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Centre for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Non-Communicable Diseases Research Centre Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Botany Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur Kozhikode India Clinical Sciences Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Mass Communication Department University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Health-Care Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Population Medicine Ca

Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/aids as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was

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Introduction of rapid syphilis testing in antenatal care: A systematic review of the impact on HIV and syphilis testing uptake and coverage

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International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2015年第S1期130卷 S15-S21页

作者： Swartzendruber, Andrea Steiner, Riley J. Adler, Michelle R. Kamb, Mary L. Newman, Lori M. Rollins School of Public Health Emory University 1518 Clifton Road Atlanta 30322 GA United States Global AIDS Program Centers for Disease Control Prevention Atlanta GA United States Division of STD Prevention International Activities Unit Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Department of Reproductive Health and Research World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland

Abstract Background Global guidelines recommend universal syphilis and HIV screening for pregnant women. Rapid syphilis testing (RST) may contribute toward achievement of universal screening. Objectives To examine the impact of RST on syphilis and HIV screening among pregnant women. Search strategy We searched MEDLINE for English- and non-English language articles published through November, 2014. Selection criteria We included studies that used a comparative design and reported on syphilis and HIV test uptake among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) following introduction of RST. Data collection and analysis Data were extracted from six eligible articles presenting findings from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Main results All studies reported substantial increases in antenatal syphilis testing following introduction of RST;the latter did not appear to adversely impact antenatal HIV screening levels at sites already offering rapid HIV testing and may increase HIV screening among pregnant women in some settings. Qualitative data revealed that women were highly satisfied with RST. Nevertheless, ensuring adequate training for healthcare workers and supplies of commodities were cited as key implementation barriers. Conclusions RST may increase antenatal syphilis and HIV screening and contribute to the improvement of antenatal care in LMICs. © 2015 World Health Organization;licensee Elsevier.

关键词： HIV Point-of-care test Pregnancy Screening Syphilis

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Syphilis testing in antenatal care: Policies and practices among laboratories in the Americas

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International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2015年第S1期130卷 S37-S42页

作者： Luu, Minh Ham, Cal Kamb, Mary L. Caffe, Sonja Hoover, Karen W. Perez, Freddy Division of STD Prevention National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Atlanta GA United States Communicable Diseases and Health Analysis Department HIV Hepatitis Tuberculosis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit - CHA//HT Pan American Health Organization 525 23rd St NW Washington D.C. 20037 United States

Abstract Objective To asses laboratory syphilis testing policies and practices among laboratories in the Americas. Methods Laboratory directors or designees from PAHO member countries were invited to participate in a structured, electronically-delivered survey between March and August, 2014. Data on syphilis tests, algorithms, and quality control (QC) practices were analyzed, focusing on laboratories receiving specimens from antenatal clinics (ANCs). Results Surveys were completed by 69 laboratories representing 30 (86%) countries. Participating laboratories included 36 (52%) national or regional reference labs and 33 (48%) lower-level laboratories. Most (94%) were public sector facilities and 71% reported existence of a national algorithm for syphilis testing in pregnancy, usually involving both treponemal and non-treponemal testing (72%). Less than half (41%) used rapid syphilis tests (RSTs);and only seven laboratories representing five countries reported RSTs were included in the national algorithm for pregnant women. Most (83%) laboratories serving ANCs reported using some type of QC system;68% of laboratories reported participation in external QC. Only 36% of laboratories reported data to national/local surveillance. Half of all laboratories serving ANC settings reported a stockout of one or more essential supplies during the previous year (median duration, 30 days). Conclusion Updating laboratory algorithms, improving testing standards, integrating data into existing surveillance, and improved procurement and distribution of commodities may be needed to ensure elimination of MTCT of syphilis in the Americas. © 2015 Pan American Health Organization.

关键词： Americas region Antenatal care Congenital syphilis Rapid testing Syphilis testing

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Using Reduced Inoculum Densities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in MGIT Pyrazinamide Susceptibility Testing to Prevent False-Resistant Results and Improve Accuracy: A Multicenter Evaluation

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Tuberculosis research and treatment 2017年第1期2017卷 3748163页

作者： Glenn P Morlock Frances C Tyrrell Dorothy Baynham Vincent E Escuyer Nicole Green Youngmi Kim Patricia A Longley-Olson Nicole Parrish Courtney Pennington Desmond Tan Brett Austin James E Posey Division of Tuberculosis Elimination Laboratory Branch National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road NE Atlanta GA 30329 USA. Tennessee Department of Health Division of Laboratory Services 630 Hart Lane Nashville TN 37216 USA. Mycobacteriology Laboratory Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health 120 New Scotland Avenue Albany NY 12208 USA. Public Health Laboratory Los Angeles County Department of Public Health 12750 Erickson Avenue Los Angeles CA 90242 USA. Mycobacteriology Laboratory Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene 465 Henry Mall Madison WI 53706 USA. Missouri State Public Health Laboratory 101 North Chestnut Street Jefferson City MO 65102 USA. Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine 600 North Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21287 USA. Bureau of Clinical Laboratories Alabama Department of Public Health 8140 AUM Drive Montgomery AL 36117 USA. Massachusetts State Public Health Laboratory 305 South Street Jamaica Plain MA 02130 USA. County of San Diego Public Health Laboratory 3851 Rosecrans Street San Diego CA 92110 USA.

The primary platform used for pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility testing of is the MGIT culture system (Becton Dickinson). Since false-resistant results have been associated with the use of this system, we conducted a multicenter evaluation to determine the effect of using a reduced cell density inoculum on the rate of false resistance. Two reduced inoculum densities were compared with that prescribed by the manufacturer (designated as "BD" method). The reduced inoculum methods (designated as "A" and "C") were identical to the manufacturer's protocol in all aspects with the exception of the cell density of the inoculum. Twenty genetically and phenotypically characterized isolates were tested in duplicate by ten independent laboratories using the three inoculum methods. False-resistant results declined from 21.1% using the standard "BD" method to 5.7% using the intermediate ("A") inoculum and further declined to 2.8% using the most dilute ("C") inoculum method. The percentages of the resistant results that were false-resistant declined from 55.2% for the "BD" test to 28.8% and 16.0% for the "A" and "C" tests, respectively. These results represent compelling evidence that the occurrence of false-resistant MGIT PZA susceptibility test results can be mitigated through the use of reduced inoculum densities.

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Erratum to: A Systematic Review of HIV and STI Behavior Change Interventions for Female Sex Workers in the United States

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aids and behavior 2015年第12期19卷 2380页

作者： Neetu Abad Brittney N Baack Ann O'Leary Yuko Mizuno Jeffrey H Herbst Cynthia M Lyles Division of STD Prevention NCHHSTP Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road NE Mailstop E-44 Atlanta GA 30333 USA. vjx3@cdc.gov. Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention NCHHSTP Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA. Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention NCIPC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA USA.

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Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–18: a modelling study

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The Lancet HIV 2021年第6期8卷 e363-e375页

作者： Sartorius, Benn VanderHeide, John D. Yang, Mingyou Goosmann, Erik A. Hon, Julia Haeuser, Emily Cork, Michael A. Perkins, Samantha Jahagirdar, Deepa Schaeffer, Lauren E. Serfes, Audrey L. LeGrand, Kate E. Abbastabar, Hedayat Abebo, Zeleke Hailemariam Abosetugn, Akine Eshete Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou Adebayo, Oladimeji M. Adegbosin, Adeyinka Emmanuel Adekanmbi, Victor Adetokunboh, Olatunji O. Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmadi, Keivan Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Akalu, Yonas Akinyemi, Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola Aklilu, Addis Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet Alahdab, Fares Al-Aly, Ziyad Alam, Noore Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw Alanzi, Turki M. Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun Alhassan, Robert Kaba Ali, Tilahun Alipour, Vahid Amini, Saeed Ancuceanu, Robert Ansari, Fereshteh Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew Anvari, Davood Anwer, Razique Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Arabloo, Jalal Asemahagn, Mulusew A. Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asmare, Wondwossen Niguse Atnafu, Desta Debalkie Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atreya, Alok Ausloos, Marcel Awedew, Atalel Fentahun Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayanore, Martin Amogre Aynalem, Yared Asmare Ayza, Muluken Altaye Azari, Samad Azene, Zelalem Nigussie Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din Baig, Atif Amin Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar Banach, Maciej Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Basu, Sanjay Bayati, Mohsen Bedi, Neeraj Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhattacharyya, Krittika Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. Bibi, Sadia Bikbov, Boris Birhan, Tsegaye Adane Bitew, Zebenay Workneh Bockarie, Moses John Boloor, Archith Brady, Oliver J. Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath Butt, Zahid A. Cárdenas, Rosario Carvalho, Felix Charan, Jaykaran Chatterjee, Souranshu Chattu, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Vijay Kumar Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chu, Dinh-Toi Cook, Aubrey J. Cormier, Natalie Maria Cowden, Richard G. Culquichicon, Carlos Dagnew, Baye Dahlawi, Saad M.A. D Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Malaria Atlas Project University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom The George Institute for Global Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Insights Program Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Seattle WA United States Global Programs Medical Teams International Seattle WA United States Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA United States Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Multiple Sclerosis Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Environmental Health Engineering Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Public Health Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia College of Medicine and Health Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Nursing Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Biomedical Sciences Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Public Health Debre Berhan University Debre Brehan

Background: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique,

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Development of HIV-1 vaccines based on replication competent Tiantan vaccinia vector in China

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Lancet, The 2015年 386卷 S10-S10页

作者： Liu, Ying, PhD Li, Taisheng, MD Liu, Yong, PhD Hao, Yanling, PhD Wang, Jiansheng, PhD Wu, Yingqi, MD Liang, Hua, PhD Ren, Li, PhD Hong, Kunxue, PhD Xu, Jing, MS Zhao, Kai, BS Shao, Yiming, Dr State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Hangzhou China Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing China Division of Health Statistics China Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing China National Vaccine and Serum Institute Beijing China

Abstract Background A vaccine is the best solution to stop the aids pandemic, but how to develop a vaccine is an unprecedented challenge to the global scientific community. The HIV vaccine programme of the China Center for Disease control and prevention (CDC) is being developed through careful selection of the representative circulating HIV-1 strain CRF07 in China, through a nationwide molecular epidemiology survey involving all provinces. The replication competent Tiantan vaccinia (VTT, smallpox vaccine in China) was used as an aids vaccine vector. A DNA/rTV HIV-1 vaccine containing gag, pol, and env genes has been developed. In preclinical tests in monkeys, this vaccine gives high protection (more than 80%) against homologous SHIV (SHIV97001) challenge and partial protection (50%) against heterologous SHIV (SHIV SF162 P3) challenge when boosted with HIV-1 envelop protein. The aim of this study was to test the safety and immunological effect of the HIV-1 vaccine in healthy human volunteers. Methods A double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial was done at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China. We enrolled HIV-1 uninfected healthy adults with or without history of smallpox vaccination. The subjects were randomly assigned to receive DNA alone (DNA 4 mg, DNA-H/rTV (DNA 4 mg), DNA-L/rTV (DNA 2 mg), or placebo. Randomisation was done by the division of Health Statistics, China CDC, using SAS version 9.1.2. Participants, site staff, laboratory personnel responsible for endpoint assays, and investigators were blinded as to treatment assignments during the trial. Participants were primed with DNA vaccine (4 mg, intramuscular) three times at 1 month intervals and boosted once with rTV (5×104 plaque-forming units, skin scratches). The participants were monitored for safety and immunological outcomes. Vaccine-induced immunogenicity were measured by the enzyme-linked immunospot assay, intracellular cytokine staining, and antibody assays. All available da

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Impact of HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing on risky sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men in Langfang, China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第7期126卷 1257-1263页

作者： GUO Wei WU Zun-you SONG Ai-jun National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Division of AIDS/STD Control and prevention Diseases Control and Prevention in Langfang Langfang Hebei 065000 China

Background Men who have sex with men （MSM） in China remain at high risk for HIV infection, the proportion of reported HIV/aids cases that occurred among MSM rose greatly from 2005 to 2011. HIV testing and counseling is a critical HIV prevention strategy among HIV related high-risk population, including MSM in China. This article aimed to assess the association between receiving HIV testing and high-risk sexual behaviors among MSM in Langfang, Hebei Province, China. Methods Between September and November 2007, 233 MSM were recruited to receive an HIV testing intervention. Face-to-face interviews were conducted before HIV testing and 3 months later HIV-related risk behaviors were assessed. Serological testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections （STIs） was performed. Results Of the recruited 233 MSM, 200 completed follow-up. Baseline prevalence was 7.8% for HIV, 21.0% for syphilis, 15.8% for gonorrhea, and 5.0% for chlamydia. Multivariate analysis indicated that inconsistent condom use （OR=7.9, 95% CI： 0.9-66.7, P=0.059） and bleeding during anal sex （OR=5.9, 95% Cl： 1.3-26.2, P=0.019） were risk factors for HIV infection, and group sex （OR=6.6, 95% Cl： 2.2-19.7, P=0.001） was a risk factor for syphilis infection at baseline. At 3 months follow-up, among STI-positive MSM, self-reported anal sex fell from 73.1% to 38.5% （P 〈0.001）; group sex fell from 19.2% to 5.8% （P 〈0.001）; and bleeding during anal sex fell from 23.1% to 5.8% （P 〈0.001）. Among STI-negative MSM, the frequency of one-night stands fell from 32.5% to 17.2% （P 〈0.001）, and oral sex rose from 57% to 78.5% （P 〈0.001）. STI-positive MSM were less likely to engage in anal sex compared to STI-negative MSM （X^2=5.189, P=0.023）. Conclusions HIV testing is an important intervention strategy among MSM. HIV testing services among MSM need to be scaled up, along with comprehensive, tailored interventions including condom promotion and STI treatment.

关键词： men who have sex with men sexually transmitted infections HIV testing and counseling sexual behavior

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African-American and hispanic perceptions of HIV vaccine clinical research: A qualitative study

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American Journal of Health Promotion 2014年第2期29卷 e82-e90页

作者： Toledo, Lauren McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor Arreola, Sonya Campbell, Chadwick Sutton, Madeline Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention ICF International Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-45 Atlanta 30333 GA United States Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention National Center for HIV Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention Atlanta GA United States Urban Health Program Research Triangle Institute San Francisco CA United States Center for Research and Education on Gender and Sexuality San Francisco State University San Francisco CA United States

Purpose. To examine perceptions of phase-I human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine trial participation among African-Americans and Hispanics in San Francisco, California.;Design. Qualitative, semistructured interviews.;Setting. San Francisco Department of Health.;Participants. Thirty-six African-American and Hispanic men and women, 18 to 50 years of age, residing in the San Francisco Bay Area.;Method. Purposive sampling using advertisements, community-based organization rosters, and snowball referrals. Thematic analysis of transcripts identified salient themes and patterns.;Conclusion. Historically, African-Americans and Hispanics in the United States have had limited participation in HIV trials. Understanding their perceptions of HIV biomedical research, identifying facilitators and barriers to participation, addressing misinformation about HIV, distorted risk perceptions, HIV stigma, and providing accessible opportunities to participate are imperative to ensure health equity and generalizability of findings. (Am J Health Promot 2014;29[2]:e82-e90.).;Results. Participants viewed participation in HIV research as important;however, they held that HIV was not a health priority given limited awareness about HIV research or beliefs that only infected or high-risk persons were eligible for participation. Altruism and personal gain, trustworthy trial staff, convenient schedules and facilities, and involvement of trusted community groups in recruitment were perceived to motivate participants. Concerns about the social consequences of participating in HIV research and product-related side effects were seen as discouraging participation. Limitations include the possibility that participants in interview research have more favorable views of biomedical research than those who refuse to participate. Copyright © 2014 by American Journal of Health Promotion, Inc.

关键词： African- Americans aids vaccine Biomedical research Clinical trials Health focus: medical self-care Hispanic americans Outcome measure: behavioral prevention research. manuscript format: research Race/ethnicity Research purpose: descriptive Setting: clinical/health care Strategy: behavior change Study design: qualitative Target population age: Adults Target population circumstances: geographic location

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